The international legal regulation of the status of voluntary human shields
... Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I) / C. Pilloud, Y. Sandoz, Ch. Swinarsky. ICRC, 1987.
9.
Commentary
on the HPCR Manual on International law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare. Harvard, 2010.
10.
Interpretive
Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law. ICRC, 2009.
11.
The Manual
on the Law of Non-International Armed Conflict / International Institute of Humanitarian Law; drafting Committee: M. Schmitt, Ch. Garraway, Y. Dinstein....
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... concluded that the economic crisis has shifted the focus of the region’s population’s expectations from social interests (collaborations with like-minded individuals) to undertakings aimed at increasing material well-being. Therefore, expectations of participating in cooperative activities are primarily associated with the opportunity to start one’s own business and increase personal income.
Cooperation
As an economic activity, cooperation offers several advantages. These include increased ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... which collaborate closely with the business sector, governmental bodies, and regional agencies to provide diverse forms of support to aspiring business students. The final part of the article addresses issues that require more active and innovative participation of academia in activities enhancing the role of student youth in the economic development of their countries and regions.
Introduction
The aim of this article is to elucidate the significance of entrepreneurial potential within Baltic ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... relations through the analysis of the partners’ structure. It allows us to examine the range of entities involved in international activities and understand how they relate to each other. This analysis helps us uncover the specific traits of local participants and describe how they communicate with one another.
Materials. The methods of data collection and data themselves should be diverse in order to conduct an informative case study analysis in “a more synergistic and comprehensive view” ...
The dynamics of the world market of gold and the current geopolitical processes. Part 2. The analysis of behaviour patterns of the main gold market participants
The article analyses the behaviour of the participants of the world gold market. Special attention is paid to the London gold fixing and its replacement by the London electronic auction in an attempt to establish the benchmark price of gold under the influence of short-term geopolitical impulses....
Gradation levels of value conditionality in political participation
The article presents the results of a theoretical study on the substantiation of the levels of value conditionality of political participation. On the basis of the subjective and objective nature of values, the level of normative ideals and that of individual priorities in the conditionality of civic activity and the political participation of young people have been singled out....
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... Ukraine, happened almost simultaneously with the referendum in Denmark on June 1, 2022 (not formally related to NATO) on abolishing the opt-out from the European Union concerning Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). More than two-thirds of those participating in the referendum voted for the abolition of that provision, which until that moment had been one of the foundations of Copenhagen’s limited status in the European integration project. Actually, given the sharp aggravation of the security ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... up, the Visegrad Group and the Baltic states are of interest for our analysis because their countries are members of both sub-unions. They have inherited most of the European problems after joining the EU (January 1, 2004) and they have been actively participating in the process of fragmentation of the European Union. Each country has its own reasons, therefore, requires individual studies for each case.
The choice of the Visegrad group and the BA/BCM as the objects of study is not accidental since ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... consumption patterns, market structure, socio-economic, natural conditions, working conditions, and the education systems development [16]. Notably, researchers have employed this paradigm to demonstrate that globalization has failed to enable the participation of less developed countries in the global production sharing (GPS) network, which would have ostensibly facilitated their development [17], [18].
Within the knowledge capital model, researchers analyze knowledge, skills and qualifications ...
Participation of foreign volunteers in the Greek Revolution of 1821—1830
... on the proclamations of the rebels, diplomatic documents, materials of the Philhellenic committees, the press, diaries, memoirs and correspondence of contemporaries. The author analyzes the background, organization, funding sources, the nature of the participation of volunteers in hostilities. The study used historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods. The idea of the responsibility of Europeans for the fate of the Greeks appeared in the enlightened circles of Europe long before the Greek ...
The dynamics of the world market of gold in the context of the present pulse geopolitical processes. Part 1. Introduction to the problem
... processes on the dynamics of the price of gold and the degree of its relevance. To achieve this goal the author employs the observation method and systemic, comparative and retrospective analyses. The global market of gold has its permanent professional participants, the investment behaviour of whom directly affects the revaluation of the precious metal. There is another group of market participants acting strictly in the interests of the world leading players. This group does not significantly affect ...
The subjects of legal monitoring of Justice of the Peace
... analysis of the existing ideas about subjects of legal monitoring and practical experience of monitoring of justice of the peace, the classifications of subjects of legal monitoring of the of justice of the peace are proposed depending on the number of participants and on the availability of state power. The proposed classifications are shown in their interrelation. The author concludes that it is necessary to distinguish between subjects and participants in the legal monitoring of Justice of the Peace....
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... organization in Denmark since its official establishment in 1536. Since 1849, it has had state status, which imposes certain obligations and provides certain privileges. It is subordinate to the monarch and the Folketing (Danish parliament) and cannot participate in government policy decisions. The relationship between the religious organization and the state is mediated by the Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs, which has control functions over the activities of the Church and was separated from ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... primary determinant for ghetto designation and underscored the shortcomings of Danish integration policies in recent decades.
In 2018, the most significant government measures to eliminate the ghetto were the deprivation of ghetto residents’ right to participate in the family reunification programme; the reduction of social benefits in case of moving to a “hard ghetto”; higher fines for offences; increased police presence; commitment of municipalities to reduce the public housing sector to 40 ...
The January uprising in the worldview of the Warsaw positivists
... formation of the ideology of this philosophical movement. Positivists openly condemned the Polish liberation movement, believing that armed conflicts would lead to the disappearance of the Polish nation. Despite this, they held great respect for the participants of the January Uprising, simultaneously realizing the futility of armed methods in the struggle for the independence of Poland. In addition to criticizing the Polish liberation movement, Warsaw positivists negatively assessed representatives ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... cross-border cooperation through its annual conference “The Baltic Region — a Region of Cooperation”. This conference, supported by numerous partners from Poland, Lithuania, Germany, and other Baltic region countries, has served as a forum for participants to engage in collaborative discussions, publish articles, and collaborate on cross-border cooperation projects with Russian counterparts. The shared goal has been to expand and deepen mutually beneficial interactions in the realms of economy,...
Forensic aspects of the state prosecutor’s participation in jury election. Situational approach
The article considers the tactical aspects of the prosecutor’s participation in forming the jury panel. The study aims to identify and analyze existing tactical issues of the state prosecutor’s involvement in this stage of judicial proceedings and develop proposals for their resolution. The research methodology ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... with relations with key allies and the country’s reputation amongst them. In this respect, Denmark seems to prove the thesis about the deep concern of small states over the issues of status sovereignty, and formal and informal equality with other participants in international relations, chiefly larger and influential countries [1]. A vivid illustration of Nordic Europe’s close attention to status and place in the international hierarchy is the criticism of the G20 member list, which does not ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... helped to promote the country’s international image and present Riga as a business travel destination. About 200 events were organised during Latvia’s presidency, with 25,000 people staying in Riga for 2—3 days [17].
The Baltic States are active participants in the European Capitals of Culture project supported by the Council of the European Union. Repeated victories in this prominent annual competition have played an important role in raising European tourists’ awareness of the three capitals....
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... in politics, which creates the potential for value-based agreement between authorities and society. Moral principles and norms ensure the cohesion of society; they prevent the alienation of people from authorities and increase their motivation to participate in social life [2, p. 44—46].
According to [3, p. 50—56], reputation reflects the population's attitudes towards authorities and serves as a source of power. A strong reputation enables authorities to exercise their authority responsibly ...
Tactical and psychological problems of maintaining public prosecution in jury trial
The article states that psychological knowledge is important for effectively exercising state prosecution in a jury trial. The main purpose of the research is to establish and analyze existing tactical and psychological issues of prosecutor’s participation in court proceedings in criminal cases with the participation of jurors and to develop proposals for their solution. The set of general scientific and special methods is the background of the methodology of research. The article identifies ...
Levels of context: how textual analysis becomes discourse analysis: the case of Internet lifestyle media
Today the so-called problem of discourse should boil down to (1) identifying relevant contextual variables, (2) matching these to specific linguistic categories, and (3) operationalizing the former vis-à-vis the latter. Having posited this, the purpose of the article is twofold. In a more theoretical sense, the purpose is to outline one possible model of context each 'tier' of which is potentially related to certain linguistic categories and linguistic analytical toolkits. The suggested model...
. The course and outcomes of testimony verification at the crime scene with the involvement of a minor
The process of testimony verification at the crime scene is often challenging due to its complex and dynamic nature. Moreover, there are certain peculiarities when performing this work during the investigation with the participation of a minor. The purpose of this study is to highlight the main features that arise during the testimony verification at the crime scene with the participation of a minor and to develop the most practical implementation recommendations. The ...
The state-civil identity among the student youth of the Russian Federation: theoretical and applied aspects
... comprehensive socio-political study, an assessment of the level of state-civil identity of student youth in some federal districts is given, which turned out to be possible thanks to the use of the mass survey method. As a result, it was revealed that the study participants demonstrate a high level of state and civic identity. The focus-group method has shown its consistency in studying how this value orientation in the political consciousness of student youth develops. For the research participants, statehood ...
Impact of remigration on the worksphere under Covid-19: the case of Lithuania
... Political Studies, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 119—148. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009331733
.
11. Boccagn, P., Lafleur, J. M., Levitt, P. 2016, Transnational Politics as Cultural Circulation: Toward a Conceptual Understanding of Migrant Political Participation on the Move, Mobilities, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 444—463. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2014.1000023
.
12. Plaza, S., Radha, D. 2011, Harnessing Diaspora Resources for Africa. In: Diaspora for development in Africa, Washington, The ...
Social assumptions about the future of participants of the World Youth Festival — 2017
The article describes the results of a socio-psychological research of assumptions about the future of participants of the World Youth Festival (2017). The authors used the method of associations, which allowed them to reveal structural elements of reality in the future, in 10 years time, as it is imagined by youth, including the expected changes in ...
Introducing Sectoral Models into Regional Management: An Assessment of Regulatory Impacts on the Economy
...
16. Raizberg, B. A. 2010, Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie ekonomicheskimi i sotsial'nymi protsessami [State management of economic and social processes], Moscow, 384 p. (In Russ.)
17. Soldatova, S. E., Voloshenko, K. Yu. 2016, Identifying and modeling the participation of regional agro-industrial sector producers in value chains, Upravlencheskoe konsul'tirovanie [Administrative Consulting], no. 10, p. 83—92. (In Russ.)
18. Tsybatov, V. A. 2016, Makroekonomicheskoe modelirovanie, prognozirovanie i planiovanie ...
International agreements on investment relations with Russian participation
This article analyses international investment contracts with Russian participation. The author considers universal and regional contracts and bi-lateral agreements on the encouragement and mutual protection of capital in-vestments. The main guarantees provided to both Russian investors abroad and to foreign investors in ...
Motivating students of secondary vocational educational institutions in the field of services to participate in sport
This article focuses on motivating students of secondary vocational edu-cation institutions in the field of services to participate in sport both as part of the curriculum and as an extracurricular activity. The author stresses the significance of physical education for the development of psychophysical pre-paredness of a medium-level specialists in the field of services....
The role of notary system in establishing correspondence between the will and expression of will of citizens of the Russian Federation
... citizens’ will in view of the changes to the provisions of the law on the limitation of legal capacity of natural persons. The article stresses the need to extend the role of notaries in documenting the will and will expression of civil circulation participants.
1. Токарева М. В. Взаимная ответственность государства и личности как объект гражданско-правового регулирования // Российский судья....
The role of brand ecosystem in solving the tasks of hi-tech product marketing
... Baldwin C., Hienerth C., Von Hippel E. How User Innovations Become Commercial Products: a Theoretical Investigation and Case Study // Research Policy. 2006. Vol. 35, № 9. P. 1291—1313.
10. Fang E., Palmatier R. W., Evans K. R. Influence of Customer Participation on Creation and Sharing of New Product Value // Journal of Academy of Marketing Science. 2008. Vol. 36, № 3. P. 322—336.
11. Fang E. Customer participation and the trade-off between new product innovativeness and speed to market // ...
The social and pedagogical determinants of inclusive education: A comparative analysis of Western and Russian ideas
... Supporting inclusive practice / ed. G. Knowles. L. ; N. Y., 2006. P. 111—125.
12. Archer L. The impossibility of minority ethic educational «success»?: an examination of the discourses of teachers and pupils in British secondary schools // Equality, participation and inclusion 2: Diverse contexts / ed. J. Rix [et al.]. L. ; N. Y., 2010. P. 232—250.
13. Armstrong F. Inclusive education: school cultures, teaching and learning // Teaching and learning in diverse and inclusive classrooms: Key issues ...
Polish Accession to the European Union: Participating Institutions
... the institutional framework created for efficient implementation of the process of accession. The considerations involved especially an institutional method. The research resulted in poining out both the actually efficient and less efficient bodies participating in the process of integration.
1. Żukowski, A. (ed.), 1999, Polska polityka zagraniczna w procesie przemian po 1989 roku, Olsztyn.
2. Barcz, J. (ed.), 2011, Prawne aspekty członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej, Warszawa.
3. Parzymies,...
Electric energy cooperation in the Baltic Sea region and the role of Russia in it
... than the Russian counterpart], 2012, The news agency ROSBALT, 15 May, available at: http://www. rosbalt. ru/exussr/2012/05/12/980104.html (accessed 30 March 2013).
19. Pol'sha otkazalas' ot uchastija v stroitel'stve litovskoj AJeS [Poland refused to participate in the construction of the Lithuanian nuclear power plant], 2011, Lenta. Ru, 9 December, available at: http://lenta. ru/news/2011/12/09/freeze/ (accessed 30 March 2013).
20. Polish nuclear site contract awarded, 2013, World Nuclear News (WNN),...
The prospects of entrepreneurship in the formation of new hi-tech markets in the Baltic Sea region
The article offers an analytical review of the prospects for the formation of new hi-tech markets in the Baltic Sea region with the participation of small and medium businesses. In view of the essential features of entrepreneurship, its prospects in the development and implementation of innovations seem to be quite attractive. However, in the current economic context, growth requires ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... Baltic University programme placed the Baltic region in approximately the same limits. Launched amid the euphoria of 1991 by Uppsala University, Sweden, this programme involved at one point universities from 14 countries [17, p. 17]. Today, the number of participating nations has reduced to ten. The catchment area of any sea is, however, heterogeneous, with the largest rivers playing the key geopolitical role. Lev Mechnikov (1888) went as far as associating the emergence of the earliest civilizations ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... around the university ceasing to be exclusively a regional educational and research centre. Universities are increasingly tasked with socio-economic initiatives aimed at transforming society [4]. The Third Mission is related to preparing students for participating in civil society, influencing economic, social and political life, combining training and community services, acquiring knowledge through economic practice, networking, and gaining invaluable life experience [5]. Thus, universities actively ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... deterring Russia. This shift in focus involved heightened Bundeswehr activity in NATO’s forward zone of responsibility, with particular emphasis on the Baltic states [1, p. 3—5]. The confrontation with Russia has become the key component of German participation in the deterrence of the most active non-Western powers in general (also China [2, p. 266—272] and Iran).
This shift in emphasis has entailed a reevaluation of tactics rather than a revision of the ultimate goal — the establishment of ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... attract investors from various countries and regions, thereby prohibiting reliance on one or a few closely associated partners. It is possible to stimulate the diversification of foreign trade flows [38] by holding international forums, fairs, and the participation of business delegations in similar events abroad. It is important to establish a wide network of friendly, including personal, ties with neighbouring regions and coastal regions [39]. An effective strategy is to diversify the regional economy ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... decision to confiscate property from a citizen is made on behalf of the state, with the citizen, regardless of their status, initially undertaking to comply with the laws and decisions of the state. In other words, in the sphere of criminal policy, the participants in confiscation are legally unequal entities, as the state possesses sovereign authority over the citizen. In international relations, no state has sovereign authority over another, so intergovernmental confiscation is excluded by its nature....
Polydiscursive paradigm of specialised translation in the glocal multilingual coordinates
... distinction from monodiscursive translational actions. Within the poly-discursive space, a translator constructs translational strategies and a comprehensive translation technology in accordance with criteria, features, dominants, values, chronotopes, participants, and other discursively determined characteristics of all integrated discourses, both nuclear and allied. Thus, the translator forms the archetype of a multivalent professional personality. The variability in the interaction between nuclear ...
Open Use of Reason: Socrates and Kant
... Pervye Stepinskie chteniya. Sovremennyj etap razvitiya nauki i krizis tekhnogennoj civilizacii [First Stepin Readings. Modern Stage of Science Development and the Crisis of Technogenic Civilisation]. Proceedings of the Conference with International Participation (Moscow, 5-6 November 2019). Kursk: Universitetskaya kniga, 2019, pp. 226-229. (In Rus.)
Shvyrev, V. S., 2003. Racional’nost’ kak cennost’ kul’tury [Rationality as a Cultural Value]. Moscow: Progress-tradiciya. (In Rus.)
Solovyev,...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... of the regional strategy proposals contained unacceptable suggestions to isolate Kaliningrad from mainland Russia, introduce governance of the territory by an international consortium, etc. One of the articles, on one hand, discusses the region’s participation in several European cooperation networks and, on the other, groundlessly depicts the territory as a possible tool for creating threats to other states of the Baltic Sea region (see [6] for a detailed analysis).
Polish researchers have made ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... example, [8]). This evolution can be represented as a sequence of consecutive states, each revealing a period-specific spatial pattern of external and internal hierarchical interactions [9]. Globalisation, in which the Kaliningrad region actively participated in the early years of the new century, involved the creation of long-distance connections, leading to the emergence of a global financial centre hierarchy to manage these ties.
The resilience of territories of different types to crises relating ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... funding, customers and performers.
In the second stage, the authors selected enterprises from the SPARK-Interfax database using the primary national registration numbers (OGRN) of consumers and performers. There are over 15 thousand Russian enterprises participating in R&D.
The third stage involved the creation of a database of publication activity in the Northwest regions. The source of information on publications was the Scopus online database (Scopus.com) by Elsevier. It contains 1.95 million Russian ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... 9.5 %), Big Port of St. Petersburg — 26.4 million tons (+ 9.3 %), Vysotsk — 7.8 million tons (– 16.3 %).
These indicators highlight the resilience of Russian marketers, logisticians, port workers, railway workers, shipowners, and other market participants utilizing maritime transport. They successfully implemented an effective asymmetric response to the sanctions, nearly fully compensating for the incurred losses. Various methods were employed to counter politically motivated sanctions restrictions,...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... Eurointegration, the formation of the Baltic region as a transboundary maritime entity spanned almost the whole post-Soviet period [43], [44], [45]. In the military-political sphere, it was accompanied by the enlargement of NATO. Russian coastal territories participated in the so-called Baltic integration in the capacity of a ‘friendly alien’, a periphery, a space of globalist expansion and the principal transport corridor within the Russia—West system.
The current geopolitical reformatting of the ...
The specifics of psychological atmosphere within inclusive groups of university students
... Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University are presented. The instrument used for this research was the “Psychological Atmosphere in the Group Scale” (F. Fiedler’s scale adapted by Yu. L. Khanin) with the inclusion of open-ended questions to assess participants’ attitudes toward inclusion in the university. The study aimed to understand how students evaluate the positive and negative effects of joint learning with students with psychophysical development peculiarities. Based on the results, the ...
Unofficial astyonyms and katoyconyms as markers of regional identity
The paper focuses on unofficial names for the city of Kaliningrad and its residents investigated on user comments in regional social networks and a survey conducted by regional media (approximately 5000 participants). The study identifies the main patterns of forming unofficial demonyms and toponyms, including those derived from the pre-war name of the city, Königsberg. The pragmatic functions performed by these names are determined. There is noted ...
The relationship between student’s tendency to manipulation and the results of project activities in university education
The results of a scientific study are presented, with participants being students enrolled in the Bachelor's program in "State and Municipal Management," whose future professional activities are closely related to interpersonal relationships in professional communication. The experimental base ...