Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... interest in investigating the strategic culture of medium-sized and small states striving to fill a distinctive unique niche in the international system [5]. Another area of interest is the militarisation of the country’s foreign policy after the end of the Cold War. This line of policy replaced commitment to UN peacekeeping, mediation and promotion of international law. In our analysis of Denmark’s strategic culture, we build on the findings of the third-generation researchers of the phenomenon ...
Absoluter Wert in Kants Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten
In the second section of the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant introduces the concept of an end in itself and defines it as something whose existence has an absolute value. He continues with the assertion that the ground of a possible categorical imperative lies solely in this end in itself. Now Kant, in his remarks on the realm of ends, also ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... citizens exhibited responsible behaviour, refraining from consumer panic, mass withdrawal of deposits from banks, or organizing strikes.
Due to the active adaptation activities of the state, businesses and households, the fall in Russia’s GDP at the end of 2022 was not 8—12 %, as many leading foreign and domestic analytical organizations expected at the beginning of events, but only 2.1 %.<9>
The impact of Western sanctions on the development of Russian regions
.The restructuring of economic ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... foreign policy resource base and its aspirations to assume the role of the senior partner in bilateral relations.
Foreign and Russian authors have explored German cooperation with the Baltic states and to a lesser extent directly with Lithuania since the end of the Cold War [10], [11]. However, the majority of research papers typically focused on the early or mid-2010s as the upper chronological frame [12], [13], a period characterized by a decline in dialogue. Consequently, a sharp qualitative and quantitative ...
The indicators of the quality of life in patients with a terminal stage of chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis
In this article, we present an assessment of the quality of life in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, receiving replacement therapy by hemodialysis. We give definitions of hemodialysis, chronic kidney disease, the mental component of health, and the physical component of health. The aim of this work is to evaluate the quality of life indicators in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, undergoing hemodialysis. The objective of the study is to identify the relationship between...
The endocrine function organization in flatworms
This article focuses on the endocrine function in flatworms. It is implemented with the help of two groups of hormones. Several centres of neurosecretory cell localisation were discovered in the nervous system of flatworms. The hormonal signal is transmitted with the help of adenylate cyclase system, which is peculiar to vertebrates. Endogenous steroids – sex steroids and glycocorticoids
— were detected in some flatworm species. These data suggest that flatworms have an endocrine system, whose...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... number and total income of payers of the unified agricultural tax (UAT) divided into companies and sole proprietors;
— the number of sole proprietors under the patent taxation system (PTS) and the amount of annual potential income of SPs.
Thus, in the end, albeit with some errors,<6> the following information can be collected:
— the exact number of employees in a municipality by summing up the number of individuals who received income under code 2000 (remuneration received by taxpayers in return ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
The article examines Sweden’s and Finland’s motives for ending their long-time non-aligned policies and joining NATO after Russia had launched a special military operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The two countries’ decision is shown to be in the interest of the United States, which has always sought ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... the Russian-Polish and Russian-Lithuanian borders undertaken by Lidia Gumenyuk [13], which is grounded in the established concepts of Oscar Martinez and his followers. In contrast to Gumenyuk, we consider one of the recent post-Soviet periods to end not in 2012, when the Small Border Traffic (SBT) regime was introduced between Russia and Poland, but in 2014 when the barrier function of the region’s external borders became much more pronounced amid Western sanctions against Russia imposed after ...
Rural areas of russia’s north-west borderland: problems and development paths
This article focuses on the rural areas of Russia’s North-West borderlands, particularly, the municipal districts and towns that are closest to the national border. The study aims to identify problems in the development of these territories and provide solutions to them. The methodological framework employed is the neo-endogenous approach, which suggests the maximal multifunctionality-driven use of internal resources, bottom-up initiatives supported by the authorities, extensive use of innovations...
Daphnia magna Straus (1826) (Cladocera, Crustacea) as a test object for assessing endocrine disorders in aquatic organisms
This article examines the effect of prednisolone – an analogue of the ver-tebrate hormone hydrocortisone – on the activity of somatic growth, blood sys-tem function, fecundity, and reproductive rate in Daphnia Straus (1826) (Cladocera, Crustacea) in three consecutive generations. This hormone had a proven effect on the studied morpho-functional characteristics of Daphnia. It indicates that the test object is sensitive to exogenous hormones, therefore, Daphina can be used in assessing endocrine...
Steroid hormone in marine bivalve molluscs of the annual cycle
This article describes the features of quantitative distribution of glucocorticoid steroid hormones — hydrocortisone and corticosterone – at different stages of the life cycle of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and the European flat oyster (Ostrea eduliss). The author identifies a common pattern of hormone dynamics consisting in a reduction in the level of hormones in molluscs in the course of maturation. Interspecies differences in the ratio of hormone levels are described...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... coastline of the Baltic Sea provides an indisputable reference point for a regional classification, as it is the primary factor shaping the region. However, there is still a point of contention as to where the waters, and consequently the sea coast, end in the area of the Danish Straits. ‘From the perspective of the BSR composition, it is expedient to draw its boundary between the Kattegat and the Skagerrak,’ and ‘[s]ometimes the Baltic Sea even includes the Skagerrak’ [16, p. 4, 5]. From ...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... personnel number, X1;
b — the logarithm of internal R&D expenses, X2;
c — the logarithm of Scopus-indexed publication number, Y1;
d — the logarithm of three-year averaged number of patents, Y2;
e — the logarithm of accumulated data at the end of a period, Z1;
f — two-year averaged FWCI at the end of a period, Z2
Source: calculated by the authors based on data from Rosstat, Rospatent and Scopus.
Table 1 shows statistical characteristics of the data.
Main statistics based on the available ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... describe their own and other countries’ actions. The study examines what expansionist types of strategic culture have developed in Poland, how relevant they are in the current political landscape, and describes their differences and similarities. To this end, the intellectual origins of foreign policy ideas prevalent in Poland (Rzeczpospolita) are traced, and the challenges of the external environment are correlated with the way they have been perceived in the course of Poland’s historical development....
Retrograde endobiliary interventions for acute biliary pancreatitis
The article analyses the results of the examination and treatment of 18 patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). They underwent endoscopic retrograde endobiliary interventions (EREBV), which were performed in the X-ray surgery under endotracheal anesthesia using X-ray vision and included the following: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP), endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST), lithotripsy, lithoextraction, duct stenting. The following types of EPST, subtotal, limited...
Kant as the German Theorist of the French Revolution: the Origin of a Dogma
... fakulʼteta MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova [Philosophy, Time, People. Memories and Reflections of the Dean of Philosophy Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University]. Moscow: OLMA-PRESS, pp. 106-107. (In Rus.)
Anonym, 1794. Dreyerley Desorganisationen gegen das Ende unseres Jahrhunderts. Philosophisches Archiv, hg. von J. A. Eberhard (Berlin). Band 2, St. 3, pp. 17-31.
Anonym, 1795. Gespräch zwischen Charlotte Cordé, der Mörderin des berüchtigten Marat zu Paris, und einem kritischen Philosophen. Philosophisches ...
Kant's basic idea
... ontology dominated by things in themselves, which provide the basis for the moral world order: God, soul, and freedom. Kant's epistemology, teleology and anthropology are determined by the attempt to prove the possibility of such world order. The ultimate end of this order is a human as a moral being, the thinking, experience, and knowledge of which are consistent with this end.
1. Голосовкер Я. Э. Достоевский и Кант: Размышление читателя над романом ...
Pathogenesis, symptoms and clinical course of the involutional and endogenous depression
The author uses longitudinal observation to identify risk factors, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of the senile and endogenous depression in women. It is noted that a comparison of clinical characteristics
1. Плотников С. М. К патогенезу, клинике и терапии инволюционного психоза. Ижевск, 1972.
2. Фотьянов М. И. О затяжном течении инволюционной депрессии : дис. … канд...
From Kant's “kingdom of ends” to an economic model
... McNutt P. Kantian ethics within transaction cost economics // International Journal of Social Economics. 2010. Vol. 37, iss 10. P. 755—763.
12. Kant I. Gesammelte Schriften (Akademie-Ausgabe). Berlin, 1900.
13. Korsgaard Ch. Creating the Kingdom of Ends. N. Y., 1996.
14. Trotsak A. The principle of sufficient reason as a correlate of free will and moral law in Kant’s and Schopenhauer’s philosophy // Journal of Siberian Federal university, Humanities & Social Sciences. 2014. № 7(6). P. 1049—1059....
The optimisation of athletes’ training process through controlling individual immune-regenerative and biochemical blood parameters
This article considers a number of cell indicators of the organism that can be potentially used for the individual monitoring of selecting graduated exercises, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of athlete’s training. A number of the most reactive indicators (hematologic and biochemical indicators, subpopulation structure), which alter to a degree in comparison to the reference parameters, are identified.
1. Лакин Г. Ф. Биометрия. М., 1980.
2. Чередеев...
The status of geomorphologic knowledge of the territory of the Kaliningrad region
This article examines the genesis of disputed geomorphologic zones. The authors propose identifying the Sambian end moraine site on the Sambian peninsula. It has been established that the right bank of the River Instruch is not an end moraine ridge, whereas the Neman – Sesupe interfluve is a relict alluvian plain. The genesis of the Polessk lowland and a number ...
On endogenous and exogenous factors of Russian modernization
This paper considers the dynamics of different scientific opinions on the correlation between endogenous and exogenous factors in the choice of national modernization model. The authors formulate the question about the urgency of searching for the optimum in the choice between general and unique features for the construction of a more efficient modernization model.
1.
Алексеев В.
В., Побережников И.
В.
Опыт российских модернизаций
XVIII...
The Works of Modern Russian Historians and the Historiography of Medieval Lithuania before and after the Red October
... centuries], Moscow, 133 p.
2. Bychkova, М. Е. 1996, Russkoe gosudarstvo i Velikoe knjazhestvo Litovskoe s konca XV v. do 1569 g.: Opyt sravnitel'no-istoricheskogo izuchenija politicheskogo stroja [Russian state and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the end of the XV century. to 1569: Experience of comparative-historical study of the political system], Moscow, 173 p.
3. Bychkova, М. Е. 2012, Russko-litovskaja znat' XV — XVII vekov. Istochnikovedenie. Genealogija. Geral'dika [Russian-Lithuanian nobility ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
The current economic crisis conditions call for a search for new mechanisms to maintain the population’s well-being. Within this setting, cooperation may be considered a priority form of entrepreneurial activity, enabling the consolidation of financial resources and reducing business costs. This article aims to assess the potential of consumer cooperation in the Kaliningrad region under anti-Russian sanctions. The authors analyse the features of cooperation development within the territory and...
The Boundaries of Ecological Ethics: Kant’s Philosophy in Dialog with the “End of Human Exclusiveness” Thesis
... Biology. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 131-148.
Cohen, A., 2020. Kant on Evolution: A Re-evaluation. In: J. J. Callanan and L. Allais, eds. 2020. Kant and Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 123-135.
Cooper, A., 2016. Nature’s Ultimate End: Hope and Culture in Kant’s Third Critique. Philosophica, 48(1), pp. 31-45.
Denis, L., 2000. Kant’s Conception of Duties regarding Animals: Reconstruction and Reconsideration. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 17(4), pp. 405-423.
Gillroy, J. M....
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... per 1,000 population, units
+
EMISS,<8> 2021.
Share of subscription fee for cellular communication and internet access in the average per capita income, %
–
Calculated according to Rosstat<9> and<10> EMISS data<11> as of the end of 2021
Index
Expected impact
Data source, year
The volume of postal services per capita, rub
+/–
Rosstat,<12> 2021
Dependent variables characterizing the development
of a region in terms of its integration potential
Index
Characteristics ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
This paper examines how soft power, nation branding and academic cooperation came together in the scholarship policy pursued by the Swedish Institute (SI) from 1995 to 2023. An investigation of the organisation’s materials, scholarship statistics and feedback interviews with SI programme alumni suggests that the implementation of the scholarship policy was erratic during the study period. A comprehensive analysis of the Institute’s efforts was carried out to describe the relationship between...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
The article explores the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship education within universities. This exploration is set against the backdrop of the rapid and widespread integration of AI technologies across economic and other domains of life. The authors aim to define the concept of ‘entrepreneurial potential’ and elucidate the contribution of AI in augmenting the entrepreneurial potential among university students in the Baltic States. To achieve this goal, the authors...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... regulated by the state. As a result, the media extensively cover every decision made by the authorities. For example: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 02/01/2021: Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU) hat das Versprechen erneuert, dass jeder impfwillige Bürger bis zum Ende des Sommers ein Impfangebot erhalten kann. Das Impfen sei jetzt Chefsache, so Söder. (Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU) reaffirmed the promise that every citizen who wants to be vaccinated can receive a vaccination offer before the end of summer. Vaccination ...
Struggle of the Serbs in Austria against the union with the Catholic Church in the 18th century
The author examines the position of the Serbian people and the Orthodox Church under Austrian rule since the end of the Holy League war with Turkey from the end of the 17th century to the era of Josephism. After having settled in Austria, the Serbs were exposed to the assimilation policy of the authorities, the main instrument of which was the union with the ...
Reclaiming the “Cultural Mandate”: The Idea of Sustainable Development in the Kantian Perspective
... 2010. Fridrikh Yakobi: vera, chuvstvo, razum [Friedrich Jacobi: Faith, Sense, Reason]. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya. (In Rus.)
Crowe, B., 2023. Jacobi and Philosophy: Rationalism and Skepticism. In: A. J. B. Hampton, ed. 2023. Friedrich Jacobi and the End of the Enlightenment: Religion, Philosophy, and Reason at the Crux of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9-33.
Descartes, R., 1985. Discourse on the Method. Translated by R. Stoothoff. In: R. Descartes, 1985. The Philosophical Writings....
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... by 100,000 people.
Identifying the causes and consequences of ruralization is a challenging task, especially considering that it is relatively uncommon in European countries. However, Poland has experienced a decline in its urban population since the end of the 20th century [7]. While urbanization has been a characteristic trend in most European states for centuries, Poland has lagged behind many of them in terms of its level and pace, largely maintaining its identity as a predominantly rural country....
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
... can already be called significant. In 2019, the Ministry of Armed Forces reported 4,000 soldiers deployed in the region annually (in total for all types of troops).<19> Without further data, it can be assumed that the figure will increase by the end of 2022—2023, but even without any change it would exceed the French contingents in Iraq (600 people) and the Sahel (3,000 before the end of the Barkhane). It is noteworthy that in France, different political parties generally support the deployment ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
...
Secondly, regional and, in some cases, municipal statutory instruments laid in response to the pandemic were analysed, which made it possible to describe the institutional differentiation in the COVID-19 response of Russia’s Baltic regions. To this end, the number of the statutory instruments was examined alongside the time of their approval and their stringency; content analysis was conducted to identify what type of spatial diffusion of the virus was targeted by the study measures.
Thirdly, the ...
The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex
... Communications Revolution Is Changing our Lives, Harvard Business Review Press, 320 p.
24. Ohmae, K. 1990. In: Ohmae, K. The Borderless World, New York, Harper Business, 223 p.
25. O’Brien, R. 1992. In: O’Brien, R. Global Financial Integration: The End of Geography, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 120 p.
26. Bethlehem, D. 2014, The End of Geography: The Changing Nature of the International System and the Challenge to International, The European Journal of International Law, vol. 25, № 1, p....
On the development of a western worldview in the context of the journal “Vestnik Evropy” in the correspondence between Alexey Veselovsky and Alexander Pypin
... literary historian and academician Alexander N. Pypin we have outlined this scientific and literary circle of philologists along with their personal and business relationships, better defined their input in popularizing the ideas of Westernism at the end of the 19th century, and also described their journalistic activities during the period of cooperation with a liberal journal “Herald of Europe”. The author believes that Pypin's ideas influenced development of Veselovsky as a scientist....
Between the Eurasian and European subsystems: migration and migration policy in the CIS and Baltic Countries in the 1990s—2020s
... International Migration: A Review and Appraisal, Population and Development Review, vol. 19, № 3, p. 431—466.
3. Massey, D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., Taylor, E. 1998, Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
4. Fawcett, J., Arnold, F. 1987, Explanation Diversity: Asia and Pacific Immigration Systems. In: Fawcett, J., Carino, B. (eds.), Pacific Bridges: The New Immigration from Asia and the Pacific Islands,...
Comparison of heart rate parameters in students with different achievements in rest and conditions of short-term mental stress
Frequency and variability of heart rate served as instruments to assess the stress resistance of two groups of students with different average academic performance in different periods of the educational process: at the beginning and at the end of the autumn semester. Mental stress always statistically significantly increased the heart rate in both groups of students, but significantly decreased heart rate variability only in the group of students with better academic performance at ...
Reception of Kant’s Epistemological Ideas in Fyodor Golubinsky’s Metaphysics
... not merely laws of cognising things, but laws of their being. In conclusion, I show that Golubinsky forms his epistemological concept in polemics with Kant, borrowing from him only those propositions which fit his metaphysics or modifying them to that end.
Abramov, A. I., 1994. Kant in Russian Spiritual-Academic Philosophy. In: Z. A. Kamensky and V. A. Zhuchkov, eds., 1994. Kant i filosofia v Rossii [Kant and Philosophy in Russia]. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 81-113. (In Rus.)
Baumeister, F. C., 1830....
Historical perspective on the word gospoda as a form of address
... gospoda-tovarischi, and other noun-noun and adjective-noun collocations (gospoda publika uvažaemye gospoda). It draws on examples from literature to demonstrate that although, contrary to popular belief, the honorific damy i gospoda is not a neologism of the end of the 20th century, it was marginal to pre-revolutionary speech. It is also shown that, albeit rarely, the word gospoda was used before the Russian Revolution to address a mixed company. Abandoned after the Revolution, the honorific underwent ...
Transnational tourist destination management: a case study of the Baltic sea region
... countries, have not been given enough attention. The development of transnational destinations can occur provided there is close cooperation among key stakeholders. In the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) conditions for effective cooperation were created at the end of the 20th century when integration processes intensified. Currently, the BSR is the first macro-region of the European Union to implement a transnational strategy, in which tourism is recognised as a development priority. Creating an effective tourist ...
Kant’s Dissertation for the Master’s Degree On Fire and the Transformations of his Ideas of Ethereal Matter
... Meditations on Fire. In: I. Kant. Natural Science, edited by E. Watkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 309-326.
Kant, I., 2012f. On the Causes of Earthquakes on the Occasion of the Calamity that Befell the Western Countries of Europe Towards the End of Last Year. In: I. Kant, 2012. Natural Science, edited by E. Watkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 327-336.
Kant, I., 2012g. New Notes to Explain the Theory of the Winds, in Which, at the Same Time, He Invites Attendance at his Lectures....
Kant on Human Dignity: Autonomy, Humanity, and Human Rights
... Doctrine of Rights: A Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Caranti, L., 2011. Kant’s Theory of Human Rights. In: T. Cushman, ed. 2011. Handbook of Human Rights. London: Routledge, pp. 35-44.
Dean, R., 1996. What Should We Treat as an End in Itself? Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 77, pp. 268-288.
Dworkin, R., 1978. Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge & MA: Harvard University Press.
Flikschuh, K., 1997. On Kant’s Rechtslehre. European Journal of Philosophy, 5(1), pp. 50-73.
Gewirth,...