Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... challenge: the formation of ethnoreligious enclaves primarily inhabited by individuals with a Muslim background. Due to the recent European migrant crises, there has been a notable increase in the number of migrants, leading to stricter integration policies in the Scandinavian countries. Yet, governmental approaches to address the segregation of immigrant areas vary between Denmark and Sweden. Denmark has adopted a stringent immigration policy promoting cultural assimilation of immigrants from non-Western ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... public diplomacy. In this context, donor countries develop support mechanisms for incoming foreign students or interns, providing them with insights into the social, cultural, and political landscape of the host country. Until 2022, the scholarship policies implemented by the EU and national foundations and agencies in Europe and America towards Russia generated mixed reactions. There has been a contentious debate surrounding the role of scholarship support in aligning the grantee with the foreign ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... confrontation and geoeconomic regionalisation. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the role of the sea factor in Russia’s regional policy and identifies its stages. The authors emphasise the need for a synergy between maritime and spatial policies and proposes ways of achieving it.
Introduction
Spatiality is not only ‘a special type of ordering the world’ [1, p. 31], one of its universal and fundamental properties inherent, for instance, in the human community (embodied in its ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
Since the mid-2010s, Germany has significantly adjusted its approaches to the use of the Bundeswehr, pivoting its strategic focus from regions distant from the Euro-Atlantic community to those within or near it. This has underscored the pressing need to address issues related to securing steadfast allies in Eastern Europe and enhancing cooperation with them. This article aims to explore the current evolution of German-Lithuanian relations in both political and military domains. The approach of...
Agents approach to the state economic policies in the condition of fundamental uncertainty
The article analyses approaches to understanding the term "economic policies". The author proceeds from the fact that the state acts as a specific economic agent and, being the economic agent, on the one hand has the right to establish formal institutions of the national economics, and on the other hand, it itself ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... security strategy exemplified by the Baltic 2030 Agenda Action Plan.
Introduction
The concept of societal security is relatively new for the Russian political discourse and is still not embedded in Russian security thinking and national security policies. There is no adequate translation of the term into the Russian language. Some scholars translate it as “social/public security” (obshestvennaya bezopasnost). Others prefer to use the phrase “security of the society” (bezopasnost obshestva),...
The impact of monetary policy regimes on economic development: results of an in-house economic experiment
The article analyzes the approaches to understanding the term “economic policies”. The author proceeds from the fact that the state acts as a specific economic agent and, as such, on the one, is eligible to develop formal institutions of the national economy, and on the other hand, it itself is one of the elements of this ...
Immigration policy and integration of migrants in the Kingdom of Denmark at the beginning of the XXI century
... concerned but erects barriers for migrants of a different cultural background who might threaten the security of the national community. The Danish tradition of liberalism, humanism and the welfare state coexists with one of Europe’s most restrictive policies towards third-country immigrants. The article traces the evolution of management approaches to developing the immigration policy and integrating foreign cultural migrants in Denmark. It describes the value determinants of these changes. Using ...
Islamic Diffusion in the Baltics: The Fruit of European Multiculturalism
... Muslim immigrants, Muslim diasporas are the most numerous and rapidly growing ones in the Baltics. Undoubtedly, Muslim communities across the region enjoy certain similarities. The differences they have are explained, among other factors, by national policies towards migrant integration. This article aims to identify the features of Muslim migration to the Baltic States in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The authors analyse the timeline of Muslim immigration to the Baltic region. It is stressed ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
The article examines Sweden’s and Finland’s motives for ending their long-time non-aligned policies and joining NATO after Russia had launched a special military operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The two countries’ decision is shown to be in the interest of the United States, which has always sought to fill the geopolitical vacuum reigning ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... recent Polish-Hungarian ultimatum on the long-term budget of the European Union for the period 2021—2027.<3> Integration is both a goal and a development mechanism that faces external and internal challenges. The EU countries implement their policies following a common European approach. However, this approach assumes a certain degree of autonomy for each country. In addition, the scale and diversity of the countries of the united Europe make the specifics of their foreign and domestic policies ...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
This article examines the current military-political strategy of France in the Baltic region. This area has not traditionally been among the main priorities of French diplomacy. However, under President Emmanuel Macron, France pays closer attention to the Baltic Sea due to the growing tension between Russia and the West. According to France’s key strategic documents, the government assesses the present-day situation mainly in a negative way, considering Russian actions as the main reason for the...
COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: information campaign, media, society
... behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. The role of responsibility and vulnerability, Heliyon, vol. 7, № 9, art. e08041,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08041
.
19. Naumann, E., Möhring, K., Reifenscheid, M. et al. 2020, COVID-19 policies in Germany and their social, political, and psychological consequences, Eur Policy Anal., № 6, p. 191—202,
https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.1091
.
20. Büthe, T., Messerschmidt, L., Cheng, C. 2020, Policy Responses to the Coronavirus in Germany....
Between the Eurasian and European subsystems: migration and migration policy in the CIS and Baltic Countries in the 1990s—2020s
... Federation and the core of the EU), are subject to their strong influence and ‘competitive gravitation’.
The strength of this gravitation depends not only on pull and push factors but also on the attractiveness and non-attractiveness of the migration policies prevailing in these migration subsystems at a given point in time.
1. Houtum, H. 2008, The War Against Unwanted Immigrants: EU’s Border Machine in Challenges of Global Migration: EU and its Neighborhood, Ankara, KORA & METU.
2. Massey,...
Migration from Post-Soviet countries to Poland and the Baltic States: trends and features
... Polish and Lithuanian governments are devising measures to encourage ethnic Poles and Lithuanians to repatriate from post-Soviet republics. To achieve the aim of the study, we investigate the features of migration flows, trends in migration, migration policies of recipient countries, and the evolution of diaspora policies.
1. Reinert, K. A., Rajan, R. S., Glass, A. J., Davis, L. S. 2009, The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy, Princeton, Princeton University Press, p.764.
2. Bhagwati,...
National urban policy in Russia and the European experience
... Cohesion Policy in the EU, Edward Elgar, p. 413—426.
12. EU, 2020, The Urban Dimension in the EU Cohesion Policy in Germany. EU Funding Period 2014—2020, Bonn, 72 p.
13. Zimmermann, K., Fedeli, V. (eds.) 2020, A Modern Guide to National Urban Policies in Europe, Edward Elgar, 368 p. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781839109058.
14. Sassen, S. 2000, Cities in a World Economy. Second Edition, Pine Forge Press, 201 p.
15. EC/UN-Habitat, 2016, The State of European Cities 2016: Cities leading ...
Coalition Within a Coalition: The Baltics in the European Union
... states tend to benefit from the free rider behaviour.
1. Dosenrode-Lynge, S. Z. von. 1993, Westeuropäische Kleinstaaten in der EG und EPZ, Chur/Zürich.
2. Goetschel, L. (ed.), 1998, Small States Inside and Outside the European Union: Interests and Policies, Boston.
3. Kirt, R., Waschkuhn, A. 2001, Was ist und zu welchem Zweck betreibt man Kleinstaaten Forschung? Ein Plädoyer für die wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit kleinen Nationen. In: Kirt, R., Waschkuhn, A. Kleinstaaten-Kontinent Europa: ...
Legal aspects of the EU policy on irregular immigration
... EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Fifth bi-annual report on the functioning of the Schengen area 1 November 2013 - 30 April 2014. Brussels, 26.5.2014, 2014, COM, no. 292 final, available at: //http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/documents/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/docs/fifth_biannual_report_on_the_functioning_of_the_schengen_area_en.pdf (accessed 11.06.2015).
4. Voinikov, V. V. 2013, Pravovoe regulirovanie Evropejskogo prostranstva svobody, bezopasnosti i pravosudija [Legal ...
Norway’s International Development Assistance Policy in the Current International Environment: Mechanisms of Justification
... Increase of half a billion kroner for global education. 2015, Press release, 7 July, available at: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/global-education/id2456446/ (accessed 29.10.2015).
10. Leiderer, S. 2015, Donor coordination for effective government policies? Journal of International Development, no. 27, p. 1422—1445.
11. Minister Vidar Helgesen's introductory speech at the seminar «Jobs for the Poor: The Role of Private Sector Development» at the Christian Michelsen Institute, 2015, Bergen,...
The externalisation of migration control in the European Union: first steps towards the external dimension of the space of freedom, security and justice
The creation of an area of freedom, security and justice is one of the most rapidly developing aspects of European integration. It this paper, we take a look at the foreign policies involved in this process — aside from the internal development of the European Union, they concern a significant number of third countries, including Russia. In our view, the efforts to manage the flow of migrants and asylum seekers constitute ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... recommendations
The expansion of sanctions and similar risks has become of interest to researchers; one can even talk about the emergence of a new direction of scientific research — ‘sanctionomics’, which studies the tools and consequences of sanctions policies. In our opinion, it may have some theoretical significance in terms of developing the concept of shock resistance or resilience of economic systems [35], [36]. Moreover, in practical terms, these studies may serve the purpose of strengthening ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... that Russia evaluates any foreign policy partnership based on the benefits of this choice, not as a matter of vital necessity for developing relations with a specific partner [24]. This approach opens up opportunities for pragmatic foreign and economic policies without becoming ‘too focused’ on specific countries or their groups. As Lukyanov points out, “for the first time, we find ourselves in a situation where the most dynamic and assertively developing part of the world in the coming years ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... authorities made to retain youth in rural areas [31] or improve territorial planning documents [17].
The agri-food complex in the Kaliningrad region is highly dependent on international interactions. Therefore, in the face of the illegitimate sanctions policies, Russian regions meet challenges that are much more radical than those described by Tatyana Nefedova [10]. Additional support measures are needed to promote the development of the agricultural sector in the exclave of Kaliningrad. This includes ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
..., Russian foreign policy is shaped by the perception that the country is encircled by enemies, with NATO being identified as its largest adversary, and Poland’s membership in the alliance playing a significant role in this context. In the domestic policies of both countries, Poland and Russia, there are notable similarities. In Poland, there is a strong emphasis on demographic policy, often referred to as ‘political demography’, which prioritizes family values rooted in religious foundations....
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
This paper explores the Estonian vision of Baltic identity. Estonia’s authorities have repeatedly articulated their scepticism towards the concept of a stand-alone ‘Baltic region’ and the inclusion of Estonia in it, preferring to position their state as a Nordic country. Yet, in numerous cases, they have clearly labelled Estonia as a Baltic State. To identify the contexts and meanings labelling the country as a Baltic State, this contribution provides a content analysis of official speeches...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... made evident by not only election results and other quantitative measures, but also the high polarisation of the Polish political life. As newly established parties, PiS and PO were not antagonistic to each other; on the contrary, pursuing right wing policies, they were considered as potential partners. The tongue-in-cheek abbreviation POPiS, a blend of the Polish names of the two parties that translates as ‘performance’ or ‘show’, hinted at the political and ideological kinship of these forces....
Cross-border digitalization of the western border of Russia: potential and prospects
... countries using various froms of cross-border cooperation, incl. focused on the generation and diffusion of innovations. The covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, having become a truly global challenge of our time, has made significant changes not only in the policies of many countries regarding the border, but also in the functioning of already established cross-border regions. The impossibility of fully implementing the previous formats of interethnic and interregional interaction has necessitated the search ...
An economic complexity analysis of the Kaliningrad region: identifying sectoral priorities in the emerging value creation paradigm
... changes and structural transformations in economic systems at different levels. Structural transformations are prompted by growing economic complexity. In this context, the selection of industrial strategies and the validation of key regional industrial policies is of paramount importance. Economic complexity (EC) analysis is a new effective tool to address the issue. Its application at a subnational level is, however, limited by methodological problems. To analyse economic complexity at a subnational ...
The changing role of border regions in the regional policies of the EU and Russia
This article analyses how the role of border regions has changed in the regional policies of Russia and European countries since the early 1990s. The study aims to estimate the efficiency of Russia’s regional policy with regard to border regions (its completeness, a focus on actual problems, etc.) and to compare it with that of ...
Fiscal policies stimulating private investment in the Special Economic Zone in the Kaliningrad region
... Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.
21. Rawley T., Gup B. The Valuation Handbook: Valuation Techniques from Today's Top Practitioners. New Jersey, 2010
Kharin A. G., Tomkovich A. V.
special economic zone in the Kaliningrad region, investment activity, special fiscal policies, investment indicators
26-35
Country Competitiveness: an Empirical Study
What makes countries competitive? What economic policies effectively influence country competitiveness? The aim of this research paper is to analyse country competitiveness empirically, in order to explore the factors that make countries competitive. This can allow governments to structure their business ...
The principles of economic protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea
... 1974 //I.C.J. Reports. 1974.
9. Prölß A. Meeresschutz im Völker- und Europarecht: das Beispiel des Nordostatlantiks.Berlin, 2004.
10. Recommendation of the Council on Guiding Principles concerning International Economic Aspects of Environmental Policies [C(72)128] 1972, Annex Guiding Principles concerning International Economic Aspects of Environmental Policies // OECD.URL: http://acts.oecd.org/Instruments/ShowInstrumentView.aspx?InstrumentID=4&InstrumentPID=255&Lang=en&Book= (дата обращения: ...
Cluster policy as a mechanism to increase regional competitiveness
Today, cluster policy is the most efficient tool to improve the competitiveness of territory economies. International practice offers a wide range of cluster policies. This article discusses different approaches to classification of cluster policies and emphasizes the advantages of cluster policy for achieving regional strategic goals.
1. Методические рекомендации по реализации ...
Geography of international clusters in the Baltic region
....ee/ABVKeskus/publ/2004/VF-B.pdf (accessed 12.03.2013).
9. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po realizacii klasternoj politiki v sub'ektah Rossijskoj Federacii. Utv. Minjekonomrazvitija RF ot 26 dekabrja 2008 № 20636-AK/d19 [Guidelines for implementing cluster policies in the Russian Federation.
Approved by Ministry of Economic Development 26 December 2008 number 20636-AK/d19], 2008, Legal reference system «Consultant Plus».
10. Mikhailov, A. 2013, Development of International Clusters in the Baltic Sea ...
Commodity flow model for an exclave region: Rent-seeking in the ‘transitional period’ of the special economic zone
.... 2004, The Evaluation of Programs Aimed at Local and Regional Development: Methodology and Twenty Years: Experience Using REMI Policy Insight. In: Evaluating Local Economic and Employment Development: How
to Assess What Works Among Programmes and Policies. OECD, Paris, p. 151—190.
13. Wilson, A. G. 1970, Inter-regional Commodity Flows: Entropy Maximizing Approaches, Geographical Analysis, no. 2(3), p. 225—282.
14. Animitsa, E. G. (ed.), 2008, Region v social'no-jekonomicheskom prostranstve ...
Does corruption influence the sustainability of economic growth?
... peoples’ attitude and saturation to ethically questionable actions. Individuals and organizations can join in sharing resources for creating a sustainable future. There are several factors that influence sustainable development. Among them are: government policies; management and organization; financial and economic factors. The main question for institutional sustainability may be formulated as the following: can the strengthened institutional structure continue to deliver the results of technical cooperation ...
Motors for regional development: impact on regional political organizations on the university cooperation in the Baltic Sea region
... article analyzes the political impact of the organizations, as perceived by the universities in the region and political decision-makers on national and regional levels. Based on the success of the OECD in becoming an influential actor in educational policies, this article discusses different strategies for the regional political organizations to enhance their influence.
1.
Aaviksoo, J.
2002. University Co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region. In: B.
Henningsen. Towards a Knowledge-based Society ...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... decrease in the activity of religious behaviour. Transformational shifts are occurring in the religious structure of the population at different levels as well, which can be attributed to changes in the ethnic composition due to the implementation of policies promoting multiculturalism.
The functioning of religious institutions and denominational space, as well as various processes within it, can be studied by providing a comprehensive, objective overview at both the national and regional levels. ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... understanding of how this can be executed.
It is not coincidental that Estonia was the first EU country to assert its readiness to develop a mechanism for the seizure of Russian property. The Baltic States have always been at the forefront of anti-Russian policies, insisting on the radical option of using Russian assets for not only the needs of Ukraine but also their own.<4> Nevertheless, these countries play a very modest role in the international financial system, and the volume of frozen assets ...
Regional railway transport system of the Transcaucasia: passenger direction of work
... recent years is the Baku agglomeration. The decline can be attributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the subsequent fragmentation of the region's railway network, competition from air and road transport, as well as the specific transport policies in the countries of the region. The improvement of the situation is associated with the potential expansion of domestic railway communication as the population's income grows and as a result of changes in transport policy.
Stupin ...
International political status of an observer state to the EAEU: problems and prospects of institutionalization
... for the integration proposal. The author concludes that there are two fundamentally possible scenarios for the institutional development of the Union: a) deepening integration; b) expanding the integration space through the advancement of contractual policies. The list of potential future observer states within the EAEU is small: China, Vietnam, Iran, Serbia, and Singapore. As Armenian-Azerbaijani relations normalize and Uzbekistan progresses in integration, Azerbaijan and Tajikistan may potentially ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... innovative development level, the wider its international scientific collaboration network. The importance of contact with technology leaders is confirmed by the cases of post-colonial countries [54], which, after gaining independence, pursued protectionist policies (import phase-out, strict regulation of technology import and participation in international projects). Nevertheless, sanctions pressure and the cancel culture indicate the need to diversify international partnerships. The reorientation to China,...
Language policy of Estonia: achievements and the future of education in the Russian language
... authors, there is unequivocal postulation of Russia’s influence on Estonian society, while relatively little attention is given to the Russian-speaking minorities themselves. Domestic researchers focus on the negative aspects of integration and language policies—violations of the rights of national minorities, the assimilative nature of Estonia’s language policy—yet, due to the language barrier, rarely incorporate Estonian-language empirical material. This often leads to diametrically opposite ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... curriculum of the joint programme was flexible and combined courses from St. Petersburg State University and Tampere University.
Some of SPbU main courses were:
— Social and economic development of the countries and regions of the Baltic Sea;
— Foreign Policies of Baltic and Nordic Countries;
— History of International Relations in the Baltic region;
— Special Forms of International Relations in the Baltic region;
— Russian Policy in the “New North” Region.<12>
Сourses offered by Tampere ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... national and international AI learning trends and assess educational resources and needs against national goals. Comparing AI-enabled education data across countries provides valuable information to inform education and labour market strategies and policies. In 2022, 37 % of AI courses were offered in the US, 24 % in the UK, and 18 % in the 27 countries of the European Union including in the Baltic States — 0.1 % – 0.3 %.<15>
5
Concentration of AI talent across the Baltics, % of LinkedIn ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... (bigrams) could enable the identification of strategies that uphold the German government’s biopolitical practices for safeguarding the health and lives of the population. This, in turn, allows for drawing conclusions regarding the primary editorial policies in alignment with the Herman-Chomsky model.
Analysis
Süddeutsche Zeitung
The non-state publisher Süddeutsche Zeitung, which represents the national business, was actively involved in educational activities during all four waves of the pandemic ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... popular quantitative tools gaining wider currency. For example, despite the earlier tendency for researchers to rely on qualitative methods, a recent work employs quantitative content analysis to understand similarities and differences between the defence policies of EU member states published from 1994 to 2018 [27], as qualitative analysis is not well-suited for extensive comparative studies involving a larger number of countries and long-time spans. Another study uses quantitative content analysis to ...