Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
..., three less advanced northern areas, and the more successful NWFD territories. Before the 2008—2009 crisis, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region outperformed the other north-western areas. However, the crisis led to a sharp decline in economic growth rates across the federal district, with manufacturing, agriculture, and forestry replacing the service sector as the main drivers. St. Petersburg’s development slowed down, and it became less efficient compared to the Leningrad region and the ...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... called digitalization [1]. This is a technological revolution, though some authors also talk about a new industrial revolution [2]. The introduction of digital technologies and the spread of the Internet economy provided up to a third of the economic growth in Sweden, Germany, Great Britain and other developed countries [3]. During 2010—2017, the digital sector of the Russian economy grew by 17 %, almost twice outpacing GDP growth [4], and the costs of developing the digital economy reached 3.7 ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... scientific and technical progress of countries is an indicator of the development of industrial relations, and other related governmental and social institutions [2]. Thus, increased investment in science has a positive effect on GDP [26], and the economic growth of agglomerations is promoted by knowledge-intensive industries [27].
For over a decade, the evolution of global economic relations has transpired within the framework of globalization and internationalization. The advent of GPS has inevitably ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... upon comparative-geographical, economic-statistical, and cartographic analyses utilizing official statistical data. The study reveals that since the early 2000s, agricultural production in the Kaliningrad region has been outpacing the national average growth rate. This is primarily attributed to the advancement of larger organisations, while the growth rates of household and small-scale farms remain comparatively low. This development trend is underpinned by a surge in labour productivity accompanied ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... case in Russia.
The demographic processes in Russia and Poland are also similar. Both countries see a decrease in population, mainly due to its natural decline. Although for several years after joining the European Union, Poland experienced a period of growth in the birth rate, defined as a “euro-baby boom” [4], this quickly passed. In addition, being an EU member, Poland experiences a large outflow of labour [5].
The National Population and Housing Census (Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań,...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
Despite the sweeping economic sanctions imposed by Western countries, Russia has managed to avoid a significant recession, experiencing recovery growth. The situation in the regions earlier involved in cooperation with Europe was more complicated. Yet, these territories have also succeeded in reviving their economies and returning to growth. A number of growth areas have emerged in the Russian ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... developed. It is concluded that spatial development is leading to urbanisation and reinforcing the monocentric model of spatial structure. However, the economic effects of monocentricity are almost exhausted, and the limits of polarisation and effective growth attainable with the model are nearly reached. This calls for a transition to a polycentric urbanisation model through developing local centres and enhancing transport connectivity between them. It seems that, in the new economic and political conditions,...
The population structure and the growth of the bivalve mollusc Ruditapes philippinarum in Amur bay (the Sea of Japan)
The maximum individual age of the Japanese littleneck clam is 7 years. The maximum shell length is 5.2 mm. The sex ratio is almost 1 to 1. There are registered cases of hermaphroditism and parasitic castration. The rate of linear growth has increased to three years. The molluscs reach the harvestable size in three years.
1.
Волова Г.
Н.,
Жакина Т.
И., Микулич Л.
В.
Бентос бухты Алексеева (залив Петра Великого) ...
Current trends in the development of a green finance system: methodology and practice
The concept of green growth and sustainable development is turning into a global ideology guiding the transformation of national economies. The focus is shifting from quantitative assessments of performance to rational choice conditions. Rationality is becoming the decisive ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... restructuring of foreign trade relations in Russia’s three Baltic regions, and the geopolitical and military factors influencing the development and security of these territories. Based on the findings, several suggestions are provided to promote the ongoing growth of Russia’s Baltic regions and enhance their economic and military security.
Introduction
In our earlier publications, my colleagues and I, in assessing interstate interactions in the Baltic region, analysed existing risks and potential ...
Processes of convergence and divergence in the regions of the European Union: features and qualimetry
... „Nauchnye doklady: nezavisimyj jekonomicheskij analiz” [Scientific reports: Independent Economic Analysis], no. 209, Moscow, Moskovskij obshhestvennyj nauchnyj fond, Sibirskij centr prikladnyh jekonomicheskih issledovanij.
3. Solow, R. M. 2000, Growth theory: an exposition, New York Oxford, Oxford University Press.
4. Barro, R., Sala-i-Martin, X. 2004, Economic Growth, Cambridge, MA, London, MIT Press, p. 50—51.
5. Barro, R, Sala-i-Martin, X. 1992, Convergence, Journal of Political Economy,...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
The role of universities in regional socio-economic systems is pivotal. However, despite the overall trend of GRP growth, regions of Russia’s Northwestern Federal District underperform on education-related measures. These include the share of education in GRP, the percentage of individuals employed in the education sector and the number of universities and students....
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... smallest [9]. At the same time, path dependence, which is especially strong in long-settled areas, can hinder accelerated modernization and adaptation [10].
Theoretical framework
The concept of development trajectories provides the framework for studying growth opportunities against the background of crisis phenomena. There are different pillars of a region’s transformation: from sectoral modernization and diversification to the emergence of new activities [11]. The article [12] proposes four directions ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... of socio-economic processes is the basis for sustainable development of regions in the digital age. The foundation for such a transformation is the information and communication infrastructure and, first of all, the mobile Internet. The technological growth of mobile networks has provided a rapid increase in the number of users around the world, contributing to further digitalization. With the development of digital technologies, research in the field of human geography has received a new impetus....
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
... tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, domestic tourism burgeoned in most of the region’s countries. In 2021, the most dramatic increase in domestic arrivals occurred, year on year, in the border regions of Russia’s Northwest Federal District; the growth was also notable in Finland and the Baltic States. Domestic tourist flow compensated, partially or even fully, for the decrease in inbound tourist flow in most regions. The structure of inbound tourism changed markedly during the pandemic, with ...
The dynamics of agricultural land use in the North-West of Russia and the Baltic countries
... combined influence of natural, socio-economic and political factors. The periods of decline in agricultural land use coincided with years of economic and political crises. The onset of periods of recovery matches a change in state policy, general economic growth and a rise in the technological level of agriculture, as well as changes in the domestic and foreign markets. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in cultivated land area in the Baltic countries and the Kaliningrad region, and crop ...
Trade Liberalisation and its Impact on Regional Development: Theoretical and Experimental Studies
... research works focusing on a varied spatial effect of expanding international trade on national economies and identifies factors affecting regional development. Firstly, it is established that expanding international trade is a more important source of growth for the regions of developing countries than for those of developed ones. Secondly, in terms of the regional impact of liberalisation, expanding trade has the most positive effect on border regions and those associated with lower cost of access ...
Environmentally safe growth stimulator for pre-sowing seed treatment
This article examines the influence of a pre-sowing seed treatment with a hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate solution on the germination, seedling growth, and average weight of the fruit of Lycopersicum esculenum. An increase in seed germination, the average weight of fruit, and resistance to adverse weather conditions and diseases and more active growth of seedlings has been observed. Hydrogen ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... causing damage, in particular, a decrease in GDP (gross domestic product) or in the living standards. Risk is a possibility with an identified probability of causing damage when a threat is realized. For example, one of the modern global challenges is the growth of international contradictions leading to trade, military, and other conflicts. This is associated with threats of expanding specific external restrictions, leading to numerous impacts of sanctions risks in exposed areas, for example, food shortages ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... market [18]. According to Rosstat, in the mid-2000s, the region accounted for 86 % of televisions and 84 % of vacuum cleaners produced in the country. The automobile assembly company Avtotor was rapidly developing. Statistical analysis shows a phenomenal growth in the contribution of machine engineering in the industrial structure of production according to the value: from 10.6 % in 1995 to 37.1 % in 2004. The proportion of the food industry also increased, having exceeded 30 %. This rise could be attributed,...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... in the lead. Leaving aside Crimea, which became part of the country in 2014, the GRP of Russia’s coastal regions, according to Rosstat, was 13.8 % in 2000, 14.9 % in 2008, 16.7 % in 2014 and 18.1 % in 2020. Notably, this shift induced by the stable growth of sea ports’ turnover, which reached 10.5 %<5> in the first six months of 2023, followed the crisis of 2008 — the starting point of a radical change in global economic and geopolitical trends [32], [33]. The increase continued in the ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... starting modern communication with their customers through virtual employees.<11>
AI has emerged as one of the most promising and disruptive general-purpose technologies (GPT) with the potential to change every aspect of our lives and drive economic growth. The most popular 2022 Google search topics in the Baltics were ‘marketing’, ‘artificial intelligence’, ‘computer programming’, ‘Internet bot’, ‘machine learning.<12>
According to the data from the OECD Observatory of Artificial ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... and 2021. It also considers changes in the exclave residents’ typical cross-border practices of grocery shopping in the neighbouring countries.
Previous Studies
One of the apparent effects of the food embargo on the population of Russia was the growth of consumer prices caused by the reduction in imports, low self-sufficiency in many commodities and reduced competition in the domestic market [7], [8]. Household incomes were also decreasing. Thus there was a shift in consumption to less expensive,...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... Latvia’s towns reveals disparities between them from a regional and intraregional perspective. The socio-economic situation in the country, which became more uncertain following the 2019—2021 territorial consolidation, does not ensure either equal growth of territories or sustainable and harmonised national development. In the course of the reform, the number of municipalities was reduced by a factor of 3.5, from 119 to 42; from two to nine municipalities were brought under one local government....
Adapting regional strategies to the new non-resource export development target
In the radically new economic conditions of 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation selected supporting non-resource and non-energy exports as one of the four factors of sustainable economic growth. Achieving this target is a challenge, but the absence of sufficient conditions for a systemic diversification of Russian exports also poses a substantial problem. This situation lends urgency to developing a methodology for the normative institutional ...
A mathematical model of conversion of GaAs substrate into thin GaNxAs1-x films obtained by nitridation of porous GaAs substrate
... presented. The technologic conditions influence on GaNxAs1-x parameters are discussed. The comparative analysis of both experimental and theoretic data was applied for optimization nitridation conditions in order to obtain «soft» substrates for GaN growth. The results will help to decrease mechanical strains in GaN/GaAs semiconductors structures. For solving and analysis of the presented system of differential equation was used mathematical package for partial differential equation FlexPDE.
1....
Does corruption influence the sustainability of economic growth?
... politicians nowadays. The definition of the concept of sustainable development is constantly revised. Sustainable development is about promoting an integrated approach. It includes economic, social and environmental objectives. Economic objectives include growth, efficiency and stability. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the influences of corruption on sustainable economic growth. The impact is decreasing continuously and the main reason behind this is the change in peoples’ attitude and ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... need for trust amongst participants in cooperation and fairness in decisions made within a cooperative [6].
Studies with a focus on Spanish cities have demonstrated that cooperative models contribute to more flexible and sustainable regional economic growth [6]. Similar conclusions have been drawn by Russian researchers who have compared statistical data on the development of cooperatives in Russia in the 1990s with the location of modern industrial clusters. The concentration of industrial zones ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... per capita. However, the widespread use of such indicators is constrained by varying reasons. In the Kaliningrad region, one impediment lies in the revision of population data at the municipal level based on the 2021 census. For instance, population growth was underestimated in the Guryevsk MD, a suburb of Kaliningrad, where, according to the statistics, as of January 1, 2022, the number of residents was 146.6 % compared to that of January 1, 2021. In the Baltiysk UD, the situation was the opposite ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
The Kaliningrad region is a socio-economically developed area with a steadily increasing population. Its economy is predominantly influenced by manufacturing industries, whose growth is supported by the region’s strategic geographic position on the Baltic coast and the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) regime. However, the region’s exclave status, which makes it reliant on external factors, hinders its development. Any change ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... aspects of Russia’s security. In particular, security threats such as terrorism, radical nationalism and religious fanaticism, separatism, organized crime and corruption were identified.
To mitigate the risks listed above, Russia should seek economic growth, development of the country’s R&D capacity, “the preservation and augmentation of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values as the foundation of Russian society, and its education of children and young people in a civil spirit”.<7> ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... grouped as follows.
— The indicator of the overall socioeconomic development of a territory: GDP per capita (in current euros). According to the estimates of the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), the dynamics of tourist flows depend directly on GDP growth/decline. An average annual economic growth of about 4 % or higher translates into tourism development at an even faster rate. The opposite situation arises when the rate of economic growth is below 2 %. In 1975—2000, GDP increased at an annual ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... by virtue of maritime transport (the founder of Eurasianism Piotr Savitsky accurately defined this phenomenon as the oceanic economy [13]).
The effect of the sea factor on Russia has been growing over the past three decades. At times, it was recovery growth: the country was reverting to the performance levels of the 1960s-early 1980s, when it was expanding into the World Ocean [14], becoming a ‘continental-oceanic’ nation [15]. Another, post-Soviet, period of growth commenced when the country ...
The Role of Public Companies in Creating a Platform for Economic Growth in Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg has a special mission in delivering national development priorities, ensuring sustainable economic growth, and commercializing R&D. This necessitates research on the situation in the corporate sector, including investment potential and propensity to invest. The authors estimate the readiness of Saint Petersburg public companies to employ investment ...
The Institutional Architecture of Territorial Innovative Systems: Towards a Spatially Targeted Regional Policy
... regional development policy. Lithuania’s so-called valleys – integrated centres for research and business — are a possible way to embrace the approach that suggests concentrating resources on breakthrough areas, which makes it possible to put local growth points on the international map.
1. Ерзнкян Б. А. О логических основах институциональной экономики // Вестник университета (Государственный университет ...
New stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure for the EU member states and the assessment of their effectiveness
... Commission. Reinforcing economic policy coordination: Communication COM/2010/0250 final // EUR-Lex. URL:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52010DC0250
(дата обращения: 01.10.2017).
10. History of the Stability and Growth Pact // European Commission. URL:
https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/eu-economic-...
(дата обращения: 01.10.2017).
11. Louis, J.-V. The review of the Stability and Growth Pact ...
The Baltics on Their Way towards a Circular Economy
... in Europe and worldwide. It is largely viewed as a potential strategy for societal development, aimed to increase prosperity while reducing dependence on raw materials and energy. Many businesses regard circular economy as a way to enhance economic growth and increase profits. Governments across the world actively engage in the discussion about the benefits of a transition to a circular economy and about its impact on employment, economic growth, and the environment. This paper aims to study the ...
Contemporary threats to the growth of rationality in the Russian society
This article considers the conflicting conditions of growth of rationality in the modern Russian society, identifies threats relating to the key trends in world community development, Russian science and education, and personality transformations.
1. Андреев А. Л. Общество и образование: ...
The Baltics and Russian North-West: the Core and the Periphery in the 2000s
... 15, p. 161—172.
17. Nefedova, T. G., Treyvish, A. I. 1998, «Sil'nye» i «slabye» goroda Rossii ["Strong" and "weak" places in Russia], In: Lipets, Yu. G. (ed.), 1998, Poljusa i centry rosta v regional'nom razvitii [Poles and growth centers in regional development], Moscow, p. 135—143.
18. Perevedentsev, V. I. 1990, Molodezh' i social'no-demograficheskie problemy SSSR [Young people and social and demographic problems of the USSR], Moscow.
19. Pyankova, A. 2013, Dannye ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
....5
14.3
14.9
15.1
15.2
17.2
17.8
Estonia
6.3
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.2
6.3
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.9
Source: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014—2023), 07.07.2023. 2023, Brussels, NATO, p. 12.
In 2014—2023, the Lithuanian armed forces experienced significant growth, more than doubling in size (by 107 %). This expansion was particularly notable in the number of land forces, the primary branch of the armed forces, which saw the establishment of a new brigade named ‘Žemaitija’ (also known as ‘Griffin’),...
Spatial structure and development of settlements in the Saint Petersburg agglomeration
... as to understand how settlements develop in Russia’s second-largest city agglomeration. The borders and composition of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration are brought up to date. Examining the population size of the settlements helps locate the ‘growth belt’ of the agglomeration. Lists of major enterprises of the city and the region make it possible to identify patterns in the economic development of the study area. The SPARK-Interfax database aids in clarifying relationships between spatial ...
Analysing the dynamics of the Baltic States’s production linkages with Russia
... that, before the introduction of sanctions in 2014 and the world trade crisis of 2015—2016, Russia was a more promising market than Germany and Finland for the Baltic States’ companies trading in intermediate goods.
1. Varnavskii, V. 2020, Growth factors and trends of global trade, Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, № 1, p. 51—62. doi: 10.20542/afij-2020-1-51-62.
2. Yeats, A. J. 1998, Just How Big Is Global Production Sharing? World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 1871, Washington,...
. Increased synthesis of secondary metabolites in the culture of bearded roots of Hyssopus officinalis L
The research evaluates the effect of amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) on the growth and content of biologically active substances in the culture of bearded roots of Hyssopys officinalis. The study of the effect of amino acids on the growth of raw biomass of bearded roots of H. officinalis showed that when phenylalanine and tyrosine ...
Cross-border digitalization of the western border of Russia: potential and prospects
... The impossibility of fully implementing the previous formats of interethnic and interregional interaction has necessitated the search for new forms of cooperation, primarily based on the use of rapidly developing digital technologies. This led to the growth of academic and practical interest in substantiating the mutual effects of digitalization, innovation and internationalization for the regions. This article is devoted to assessing the potential and prospects of cross-border digitalization of the ...
Global value chains in the age of uncertainty: advantages, vulnerabilities, and ways for enhancing resilience
... optimisation (diversification and relocation of suppliers), operational optimisation (building redundancy and production flexibility), and GVC digitalisation. We conclude by outlining windows of opportunity to improve international specialisation and growth patterns, which may open in the 2020s for developing economies, including Russia, due to the ongoing restructuring of GVCs and their global supplier networks.
1. Baldwin, R. E., Tomiura, E. 2020, Thinking ahead about the trade impact of COVID-19....
Environmental intensity of economic growth in the Baltic Sea region
... economic indicators and correlate them with the total and specific environmental impact. Iconduct a factor analysis to identify the main effects influencing theecological-economic dynamics. The use of water resources in the NWFD demonstrates green growth, whereas electricity consumption and wastewater treatment fall into the brown zone and industrial and municipal waste treatment into the black one. The factor analysis has shown that population change has a very weak effect on the situation. ...
Introducing Sectoral Models into Regional Management: An Assessment of Regulatory Impacts on the Economy
... good repeatability, which makes it possible to provide a rationale for economic decision-making. The authors propose new sectoral models using the Kaliningrad region as an example. The models are used in a comprehensive analysis of conditions for a GRP growth resulting from an increase in sectoral contributions. To this end, the study uses the well-known approaches of simulation modelling, as well as qualitative and quantitative methods in combination with economic-mathematical optimisation models. ...
Fetal behavior and the prediction of neuropsychiatric development
... F. R. Spontaneous motility in preterm, small for gestational age infants. II. Qualitative aspects // Early Human Development. 1997. Vol. 50. P. 131—147.
34. Bekedam D. J., Visser G. H. A., Vries J. I. P. de, Prechtl H. F. R. Motor behaviour in the growth retarded fetus // Early Human Development. 1985. Vol. 12. P. 173—182.
35. Sival D. A., Visser G. H. A., Prechtl H. F. R. The effect of intrauterine growth retardation on the quality of general movements in the human fetus // Early Human Development....
The principles of tariff policy and the objectives of economic growth promotion
... a profound effect on the opportunities of the country’s economic development. The tariff policy problems impair the efficiency and competitiveness of national business and lower living standards. The government declares its readiness to limit the growth of tariffs, which, however, suggests “manual operation” and stopgap measures. The author emphasizes the need to reconsider the methodology and principles of public tariff policy.
1. Вставка в тариф // Expert Online. 2012. 23 мая....
The dynamics of development of cities and local budgets
A case study of the Volga and Urals federal districts helps analyse the standing of large cities serving as “growth poles” identified with the help of two methodologies. The article offers a geographical analysis of three aspects of financial standing of municipalities:
financial independence, social orientation, territorial equity. The dynamic of development ...