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This paper examines two models of language philosophy. The first is the Kantian philosophy which sees language as an ... ... Alexander, W. M., 1966. Johann Georg Hamann: Metacritic of Kant. Journal of the History of Ideas, 27(1), pp. 137-144. Burge, T., 1992. Philosophy of Language and Mind: 1950—1990... ... Tübingen: Brockhaus, 1999, pp. 281-289. Hamann, J. G., 2007. Metacritique on the Purism of Reason. In: J. G. Hamann, 2007. Writings On Philosophy and Language History of Philosophy...

Kant’s theory of enthusiasm has received relatively little attention in Kant studies. This is surprising ... ... that Kant was preoccupied with the theme of enthusiasm throughout his life. One of the reasons may be that for Kant enthusiasm is an affect. Therefore, it cannot be used to... ... the French Revolution, Kant coined the concept of a true enthusiasm, related to the ideas of freedom and justice. Finally, Kant introduces the concept of the enthusiasm...

This review of contemporary discussions of Kantian philosophy of mathematics is timed for the publication of the essay Kant’s Philosophy ... ... at more specific questions, e. g.: What is the subject of arithmetic and what is the significance of diagrams in mathematical reasoning? As a result, the reader is presented with a fairly complete overview of modern discussions which can be used as an ...

... of the Southwest neo-Kantians and the ethics of pure will of the Marburg neo-Kantians are associated with the Fichtean revision of Kant’s doctrine of the primacy of practical reason. The following, in my opinion, are the main features of the image of Fichte’s philosophy: it is close to neo-Kantians precisely because it strives to combine theoretical and practical reason; it is in ethics that Fiche’s ideas are most manifest in neo-Kantianism; neo-Kantian original theories contain the ideas of self-consciousness “in the spirit” of Fichte. The conclusion is drawn that the growth of the metaphysical component in neo-Kantian doctrines may be connected ...

I proceed from the hypothesis that the difficulties in Kant’s presentation of his plan and, accordingly, the implicit reason for the critical attitude to this plan on the part of many contemporary philosophers stem from the fact that he had no theoretical link at his disposal which would offer a more solid scientific grounding for his entire system. I believe that Darwinism ...

My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history of that current of thought. His books Ethics of Pure Will (1904) and Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (1919) offer a detailed analysis of the relationships between I and Thou, I and It, I and ... ... Love and Bewilderment: Matvei Kagan’s Literary Critical Concepts. Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas, 11(1), pp. 9-28. Katsman, R., 2013b. Matvei Kagan: Judaism and the European Cultural Crisis. Journal of Jewish Thought ...

... Philosophy. Edited and translated by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 353-603. Kant, I., 1998a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1998b. The Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2007. Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim. Translated by A. Wood. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-120. Kant, I., 2009. Religion within ...

The concept of “moral sense”, introduced into the philosophical lexicon by Ashley-Cooper Shaftesbury ... ... the aesthetic categories of good and evil. The latter associates the moral sense with reason. I then examine Kant’s attitude to the concept of moral sense. First I look... ... pp. 72-85. (In Rus.) Burke, E., 1767. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful. London: J. Dodsley. Cohen, A., 2018. Kant on Moral...

... Condorcet’s thoughts on the wide interdisciplinary opportunities of mathematics makes it possible to compare his ideas with those of other philosophers of the Enlightenment (Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot), as well as a number of provisions of Kant’s philosophy. Despite the fact that Condorcet was not familiar with Kant’s works, his general ideas on the autonomous subject, their reason and freedom, and history and social progress bear strong similarity to Kant’s views. However, the observed differences are indicative not only of Condorcet having overcome the prejudices of his time, but also of that his version of social, ethical,...

This is a report of the international workshop «Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2: Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic ... ... Necessary and How it is Possible to Carry Out a Preliminary Textual Analysis of the Key Concepts in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, in: Transtesndentalny povorot v sovremennoy filosofii (2), Moscow, pp. 68—73. (In Russ.) Soboleva, M. E. 2017, Analytic ...

The key thesis of natural teleology is that the products of nature should be judged by the goal of ... ... consider the organism to be purposive. Second, the founder of Russian cosmism understands reason as the instrument that is capable of ridding nature of destructiveness. Thirdly... ... (In Rus.) Gacheva, A. G., 2019. Russkij kosmizm v ideyah i licah [Russian Cosmism in Ideas and Personalities]. Moscow: Akademicheskij proekt. (In Rus.) Gadzhikurbanova,...

... is a sensor-directed performance automatism, which — compared with the potential for ethical judgment in human “practical reason” — proves to be limited in significant ways (even if, in so-called “machine learning”, digital technologies are able to probabilistically adapt to new data). This is shown in some detail with reference to the idea of a “digital humanism”, which was introduced by Julian Nida-Rümelin and Nathalie Weidenfeld, who argue that algorithms (possibly) ...

The metaphysical layer of what can be called philosophical Christology in Kant’s treatise on religion reflects his idea of the embodiment of the archetype of moral perfection. Kant raises the problem of the ontology of the ideal in the shape of the question about the conditions that make actual experience possible: the ideal of holiness resides in reason, i. e. in the human being, but the dominance of radical evil over the human will puts it out of human reach either in thought ...

The international conference “Kantian Rationality in Philosophy of Science” was held on 9–11 October 2020 at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University ... ... countries discussed aspects of the Kantian understanding of science and the roles of reason in it: the unity, difference, and systematicity of the functions of reason in... ... metaphysics and science in the context of Kant’s time; secondly, the relevance of Kant’s ideas to modern sciences and the concepts of philosophy of science in the twentieth...

I critically examine the plausibility of Kant’s conception of rationalising, a form of self-deception that plays a crucial role for Kant’s moral psychology and ... ... normative theory and that become apparent when we look at clear-cut abuses of rationality. These standards of minimally decent reasoning can help us diagnose rationalising. I develop these standards by looking at inadequate uses of rational capacities that ...

Carl Arnold Wilmans received his degree of doctor in philosophy in Halle in 1797 for a bold thesis. He claimed a latent similarity between Kant’s enlightened philosophy ... ... towards Kant’s essay On a Newly Arisen Superior Tone in Philosophy. I show that the central Kantian theorem of the fact of reason con­verges with his doctrine of respect to the moral law as intelligible feeling. This rapprochement allows the latter ...

Kant does not provide clear-cut definitions of apperception, consciousness, and self-consciousness and everywhere uses these terms as synonyms, which creates the problem ... ... the legitimacy of their use, a task that is further complicated by the difference between the editions of the Critique of Pure Reason in terms of the argumentation in the section on the deduction of categories and Kant’s concept of apperception. Accordingly,...

This study aims, first, to delimit the seemingly synonymous concepts of “phenomenon” and “appearance” and second, to trace the functions of each ... ... phenomenological tradition. The analy­sis is based on Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the central works of Edmund Husserl and Eugen Fink. Kant does not explicitly... ... Phänomenologie der natürlichen Lebenswelt. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Husserl, E., 1983. Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. Translated...

This article considers early Schopenhauer’s polemic against Kant's epistemology and views on the objectives and methods of philosophy. The crucial influence of this polemic and Kant’s works on the development of Schopenhauer’s philosophy is stressed.... ..., as well as the first edition of Schopenhauer’s doctoral dissertation On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (1813). The mentioned influence of Kant’s philosophy on Schopenhauer and its decisive role in the development of the ...

... of imagination and the psychology of unconscious interest. The authors examine relevant aspects of Gottsched’s rational aesthetics in his struggle against pre-Romanticism theories. Attention is paid to the ideational proximity between Gottsched’s ideas and Kant’s regulative principles of practical reason. The authors emphasise the significance of Gottsched’s philosophy of language and his connection with the tradition of ontological theory of language in the context of modern hermeneutic research. 1. Weidle V. 2000, Umiranije iskusstva. Razmyishleniya ...

... shown that Kant’s enlightenment is a political project. The author focuses on the philosophical prerequisites and the essence of this project and analyses the difference between the “public” and “private” use of reason. The article emphasises the major significance of this difference for developing the ideal of enlightenment in the field ... ... comprehensive critique of social reality by a citizen capable of self-determination is considered against the background of Rousseau’s ideas, who defended the right of people to revolution. The reconstruction of Kant’s position is followed by a discussion of ...

“Lectures on Poelitz’s philosophical theory of religion” are one of the four surviving manuscripts of Kant’s lectures on rational ... ... of rational theology, namely: the concept of theology, arts of natural theology, the idea of highest essence, possible types of arguments for the existent of God and their... ... semester 1783/84, i. e. the period between the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason, and shortly before the publication of Groundwork...

By reading Kant on chemistry as a science, including his definition of science as such, this essay reviews Kant and the history of chemistry. Kant’s Universal ... ... Ontologie. Frankfurt am Main: Metzler, pp. 155-164. Babich, B., 2021a. On the ‘Very Idea of a Philosophy of Science’: Chemistry and Cosmology in Nietzsche and Kant. Axiomathes... ... Chemistry. New York: W. W. Norton and Co. Buchdahl, G., 1992. Kant and the Dynamics of Reason. Oxford: Blackwell. Carrier, M., 2000. Kant’s Theory of Matter and his Views...

The aim of this research is to explore what relations self-affection bears to the intuitions of inner sense. I propose that self-affection ... ... Bader, R. M., 2017. Inner Sense and Time. In: A. Gomes and A. Stephenson, ed. 2017. Kant and the Philosophy of Mind: Perception, Reason, and the Self. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 124-137. Baum, M., 1986. Deduktion und Beweis in Kants Transzendentalphilosophie....

... Theology. Edited by A. W. Wood and G. di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 233-327. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2004. Vorlesung zur Moralphilosophie. Edited by W. Stark. Berlin: de Gruyter. Kant, I., 2007a. Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller ...

... humanity rather than analysing or synthesising scientific knowledge or development it. Philosophy of science proper should be based on Aristotle’s idea of metaphysics revisited in view of metaphysics of self-consciousness and the doctrine of practical reason, freedom, identity, and dignity of a human being as a personality. It should also embrace the idea of world history and universal civil meaning of philosophy. Recognition of relative a priori determination of human knowledge and behaviour in a broad context of empiricism and relativism (development theory) has no bearing on Kant’s theory. Absolute ...

C. S. Peirce is a prominent figure in the nineteenth-century American philosophy. His contribution to philosophy and logic is enormous. The significance of some of his ideas was not realized until today. As a philosopher, Peirce was shaped by Kant, whose Critique of Pure Reason he knew almost by heart. Peirce was fascinated by the German thinker, who literally opened for him the philosophy of modern era and introduced him to the problem of cognition and increment of knowledge. Peirce was never a Kantian but the oeuvre ...

... we do philosophy?”); and (3) a taxonomic project (“What are the different parts of philosophy, and how are they related?”). This paper focuses on the third project... ...., 2006. The Revolutionary Kant. Chicago: Open Court. Brandt, R., 2003. The Guiding Idea of Kant’s Anthropology and the Vocation of the Human Being. In: B. Jacobs and... ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37-108. Kant, I., 1996b. Critique of Practical Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Edited and translated by M. Gregor...

The Kantian legacy has had a key impact on the landscape of theoretical philosophy in the first half of the twentieth century. Philosophers both in Germany and in Russia saw Immanuel Kant’s ideas as seminal for their philosophical research. The main schools of that era were formed in discussions of the problems and ... ... Marburg in Russia. Historical-philosophical Essays]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Rus.) Guseynov, A. A., 2024. The Place of Critical Reason in Kant’s System of Critical Philosophy. In: A. A. Guseynov, ed. 2024. Filosofiya i praktika [Philosophy and Practice]....

The origins in Marxist-Leninist philosophy of the dogma about Kant as the German theorist of the French Revolution requires some analysis and I explain how a phrase of Marx ... ... century. Finally, the first Soviet edition of Kant’s works in the 1960s canonised Marx’s phrase and gave the exact source. The reason why it took so long to give chapter and verse for the Marx quotation is that it occurs as early as 1842 in “The Philosophical ...

The hypothetical approach to the supersensible developed by Kant in his three Critiques, exemplified by his analysis of the aesthetic and reflective judgment in his third Critique, with their principle fortuitous purposiveness, can be considered ... ... of cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ideas is impossible. This leads to a kind of “negative theology” of the highest principle and the supersensible as a whole. The reasons are rooted in the character of propositional thought, which can only circumscribe a singular, supersensible reality by ...

... dialectical “game” around metaphysical concepts. Avtonomova, N. S., 1988. Rassudok, razum, racional’nost’ [Reason, Reason, Rationality]. Moscow: Nauka. (In Rus.) Descartes, R., 1992. Meditationes de prima philosophia. Lateinisch-Deutsch. Herausgegeben ... ... Buch: Allgemeine Einführung in die reine Phänomenologie (Hua III). Den Haag: M. Nijhoff. Katrechko, S. L., 2020. Kant’s “Idea [Project] of Transcendental Philosophy”. Transcendental’ny zhurnal, 1. doi: 10.18254/S271326680008967-4. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., ...

... understood as complementary to the result of the transcendental deduction of the categories, namely the restriction of theoretical reason to the sensible world. Faith in God’s grace does not represent objective knowledge. As transcending objective knowledge, however, faith refers to the theoretically inexplicable awareness of moral obligation, and with it the idea of an intelligible world, as a necessary precondition of one’s moral conduct in the sensible world. Bohatec, J., 1938....

Numerous passages in the context of Kant’s philosophy of religion show without doubt his acquaintance with Lessing.... ... closeness and widely suspected “harmony” between the two is probably also the primary reason why important factual differences and controversial aspects have so far usually... ... and the philosophy of religion. Although Lessing and Kant are both committed to the ideas of the Enlightenment and also appear as “related in essence”, above all with...

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the content, meaning, and scenarios of applying the transcendental principles of ... ... nalichija prezhnej (Protiv Jeberharda) [On a Discovery Whereby any new Critique of Pure Reason is to be Made of Superfluous by an Older one (Contrary to Eberhard)], in: Kant... ..., Kantova ideja vechnogo mira — iz 200-letnej istoricheskoj perspektivy [Kant’s Idea of Perpetual Peace — From the 200 Years Historical Perspective], in: Habermas...

This paper considers Kant’s transcendental philosophy as a special transcendental paradigm (a special type of philosophical research) differing from both the "objective" metaphysics of Antiquity and the "subjective" ... ... Interpretation and Defense. New Hawen ; L., 2004. 11. Bird G. The Revolutionary Kant: A Commentary on the Critique of Pure Reason.Chicago, 2006. 12. Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason / eds. Guyer P., Wood A. Cambridge, 1998. 13. Hanna R. Kant and the ...

One of the key ethical debates in Russian religious thought, initiated by Leo Tolstoy, concerned ... ... Beginning with Tolstoy, Russ­ian thinkers introduced the original ethical content of the idea of nonresistance derived from the Gospel into the ethics of duty borrowed from... ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2009. Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar, Introduction by S. R. Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett...

Kant’s solution for the problem of freedom of the will rests on his transcendental idealism and its differentiation of appearances and things in themselves. Human ... ... are not determined by the necessity of causal laws of nature, but can be determined by the moral law of their pure practical reason which they give to themselves. The actions of the will, observable volitions and external actions, can therefore, at the ...

... 1985. Introduction à la philosophie pratique de Kant. Castella: Albeuve. Kant, I., 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgment. Edited by P. Guyer. Translated by P. Guyer and E. Matthews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2002. Critique of Practical Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar. Cambridge and Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Kant, I., 2006. Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective. In: I. Kant, 2006. Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History. Edited and with an introduction by P. Kleingeld; translated by D. L. Colclasure. New Haven & London: ...

The expression “linguistic Kantianism” is widely used to refer to ideas about thought and cognition being determined by language — a conception characteristic of 20th century analytic philosophy. In this article, I conduct a comparative analysis of Kant’s philosophy and views falling ... ... Statements about Time. The Journal of Philosophy, 60(9), pp. 225-237. 9. Hamann, J. G., 1995. Metacritique of the Purism of Reason. In: G. G. Dickson, 1995. Johann Georg Hamann’s Relational Metacriticism. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 517-525....

This article analyses one of the recent realist interpretations of Kant — the one proposed by S. L. Katrechko.... ... Husserl, E. 2009, Idei k chistoy phenomenology I phenomenologicheskoy philosophie, Kn. I [Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. Book... ..., S. 57—136. 5. Kant, I. 1994b, Kritika chistogo razuma (1787) [Critique of Pure Reason (second edition)]. In: Kant, I. Sobranie sochinenij v 8 tomah. [Works in 8 volumes]...

... detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although Kant is not always consistent in distinguishing between reason and understanding in this context. Unstinting support for the French revolution, despite acknowledging the illegitimate nature of social and political revolutions per se, ...

The influence of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy on the ideas of Gilles Deleuze was quite substantial. However, analyses of the correlation between the ideas of the two philosophers have not yet received proper research attention, especially in Russian-language literature. To reveal the essence and history ...

... “Second-Stage-Skepticism” and on which I will focus. In the following part, I reconstruct Rescher’s reading of Second-Stage-Skepticism as well as his reasons for considering Kant to represent this version. My main claim in this part will be that there is no reading of the mentioned basic idea that makes Rescher’s view reasonable. In the third step, I introduce a newer form of metaphilosophical skepticism — “Third-Stage Skepticism” — and conjecture that this form can be seen as inspired by Kant’s thought on philosophical diversity. Finally, I point out a way ...

It was not until German Idealism that philosophy briefly regained the importance it had in antiquity. This is indicated precisely by the “peripeteia” in the concept of experience. When Kant and Hegel write about experience, they mean quite different things on the other. Kant’s concept of experience is law-like, invariant and rigid. Only for this reason can it form the basis for a critical reflection on the validity of knowledge. However, Hegel’s analysis of object experience “dynamises” Kant’s concept in various ways: firstly, he provides an interpretation of the process of how perception ...