Search

... formed within German neo-Kantianism. To achieve this aim I have analysed the key projects of the German neo-Kantians in which the influence of Fichte’s philosophy, in particular his interpretation of the Kantian doctrine of the primacy of practical reason, is most clearly manifested. I show that the theory of values of the Southwest neo-Kantians and the ethics of pure will of the Marburg neo-Kantians are associated with the Fichtean revision of Kant’s doctrine of the primacy of practical reason....

... religion reflects his idea of the embodiment of the archetype of moral perfection. Kant raises the problem of the ontology of the ideal in the shape of the question about the conditions that make actual experience possible: the ideal of holiness resides in reason, i. e. in the human being, but the dominance of radical evil over the human will puts it out of human reach either in thought or in practice. For rational thought it is more natural to imagine the practical reality of the archetype as the embodiment ...

... mathematics, but also with related areas of Kant’s philosophy, e. g. the question: What is intuition and singular term? Then I look at more specific questions, e. g.: What is the subject of arithmetic and what is the significance of diagrams in mathematical reasoning? As a result, the reader is presented with a fairly complete overview of modern discussions which can be used as an introduction to the problem field of Kant’s philosophy of mathematics. Allison, H. E., 1973. A Historical-Critical Introduction....

Transcendental philosophy was not born like Athena out of Zeus’s head, mature and in full armour from the very beginning. That is why in both prefaces to the Critique of Pure Reason (1781 and 1787) Kant introduces the concept of transcendental philosophy as an “idea.” The idea understood architectonically develops slowly and only gradually acquires a definite form. As witnessed by the works of Kant himself and of his predecessors ...

... Philosophy of Science” was held on 9–11 October 2020 at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU) in Kaliningrad. Fifteen participants from different countries discussed aspects of the Kantian understanding of science and the roles of reason in it: the unity, difference, and systematicity of the functions of reason in science, as they are revealed in Kant’s discussions of criteria of scientificity, the classification of sciences, or methods of theoretical and experimental research ...

I proceed from the hypothesis that the difficulties in Kant’s presentation of his plan and, accordingly, the implicit reason for the critical attitude to this plan on the part of many contemporary philosophers stem from the fact that he had no theoretical link at his disposal which would offer a more solid scientific grounding for his entire system. I believe that Darwinism ...

... of the key tasks of transcendental philosophy. The prime task is to discover the categories of understanding and to prove the legitimacy of their use, a task that is further complicated by the difference between the editions of the Critique of Pure Reason in terms of the argumentation in the section on the deduction of categories and Kant’s concept of apperception. Accordingly, the author seeks to clarify the purpose of each of the above-mentioned faculties and to establish their inter-relationship....

... to delimit the seemingly synonymous concepts of “phenomenon” and “appearance” and second, to trace the functions of each in Kant’s philosophy and the phenomenological tradition. The analy­sis is based on Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the central works of Edmund Husserl and Eugen Fink. Kant does not explicitly distinguish the two terms and only speaks about phenomena when he deals with the categorial application of reason. With Husserl, appearance is linked with the area ...

My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history of that current of thought. His books Ethics of Pure Will (1904) and Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (1919) offer a detailed analysis of the relationships between I and Thou, I and It, I and We. In the first book these relationships are considered from the ethical-legal point of view and in the second from the viewpoint ...

... well as the philo­sophical and theological contexts of Wilmans’ dissertation. Furthermore, the focus of my study is directed towards Kant’s essay On a Newly Arisen Superior Tone in Philosophy. I show that the central Kantian theorem of the fact of reason con­verges with his doctrine of respect to the moral law as intelligible feeling. This rapprochement allows the latter to play an argumentative role that, by serving as ratio cognoscendi of freedom, is also of epistemic value. Kant’s practical ...

... appearance within the framework of the transcendental distinction between “appearance” and “thing in itself” is the cornerstone of Kant’s transcendental philosophy. However, its conceptual status seems largely uncertain. This uncertainty is the reason for a wide range of interpretations of Kant’s transcendental idealism. A paradigmatic example is the contemporary confrontation between the “two objects” theory and the “two aspects” theory. In this paper, I develop a semantico-cognitive ...

... Kant’s Idealism: New Interpretations of a Controversial Doctrine (ed. by D. Schulting & J. Verburgt), Dordrecht : Spinger, p. 55—70. 13. Bird, G. 1962 (1974), Kant’s Theory of Knowledge: An Outline of One Central Argument in the Critique of Pure Reason, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 14. der Boer, K. 2014, Kant’s Multi-Layered Conception of Things in Themselves, Transcendental Objects, and Monads, Kant-Studien, vol.105(2), p. 221—260. 15. Buchdahl, G. 1992, Kant and the Dynamics of Reason: ...

... texts and presents the author’s interpretation of some key points of Kant’s theory of knowledge. Contrary to the analytical mainstream in Kant studies, the author argues that Kant’s ‘transcendental idealism’ in the field of the theoretical reason is completely compatible with epistemological realism. Hence, the term ‘thing in itself’ expresses neither ontological nor epistemological dualism. Rather it has a methodological function and it serves to indicate the possibility of different ...

... addresses Schopenhauer’s manuscripts (early philosophical aphorisms and comments and marginal notes on Kant’s works, etc.), as well as the first edition of Schopenhauer’s doctoral dissertation On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (1813). The mentioned influence of Kant’s philosophy on Schopenhauer and its decisive role in the development of the latter’s philosophy can be summed up as follows. Firstly, early Schopenhauer considered Kant as his only ally in the struggle ...

... form of unity incorporating an idea of the play of powers, whereas power is a category that makes it possible to understand the supersensible as a realm of laws. This interpretation is inherent in the system of not only theoretical but also practical reason. Freedom is the ‘substance’ of human existence. The unity of freedom is an idea, whose unity is presented in the diversity of actions in the sensible world. A condition for cognising freedom is the categorical imperative. Apparently, applying ...

... renunciation of Romanticism and experience of the death of God. Nietzsche extends Kant’s list of possible problems in achieving enlightenment — egoism, guardianship, sloth, and cowardice. For Nietzsche, the central problem is the dominant role of reason in the Enlightenment. Nevertheless, reason is not denied but rather it is limited and supplemented with the integrating power of myth, which is considered by Nietzsche not as a prejudice but as the origin of thought correlating with life. Moreover,...

... civilizational process, which shows distressing symptoms of existential foundation deficiency. The authors reconsider the historical and philosophical significance of Gottsched’s Enlightenment classicism to estimate the danger of the de-ontologisation of reason, which leads to the loss of reality. The phenomenon of Gottsched is considered within the hermeneutic discourse of the so-called mystery of the German spirit. It is stressed that Gottsched was committed to a well-reasoned apologia of reason as ...

... philosophy of the Enlightenment, this concept was centralto the work of many thinkers. For them, necessity is related not only to logic but rather to the disciplines of general and special metaphysics. It is explained by that the principle of sufficient reason introduced by Leibniz is closely linked to the notion underconsideration. The recognition of this principle as one of the two basic principles of philosophy inevitably raises the question about the necessity of all things, since all that exists ...

... is Enlightenment?” It is shown that Kant’s enlightenment is a political project. The author focuses on the philosophical prerequisites and the essence of this project and analyses the difference between the “public” and “private” use of reason. The article emphasises the major significance of this difference for developing the ideal of enlightenment in the field of politics. It is suggested that this ideal be seen in the evolutionarydevelopment of society based on the transformation ...

... and Chr. J. Kraus, was first published under the name of the philosopher’s friend and student and later in collections of Kant’s works.It is shown that the review criticises the naturalism of Unlrich’s theory of freedom and stresses the major reason behind its failure, namely, that its author did not distinguish between the theo-retical and practical functions of consciousness. This circumstance complicates that understanding of that the same act can belong to natural determination in one ...

... Theology” is of considerable research interest, since it departs from the textbook material and presents Kant’s own ideas on the subject. This manuscript is dated winter semester 1783/84, i. e. the period between the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason, and shortly before the publication of Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. Thus, these lectures are of special important for studying the process of development of the key ideas of Kant’s philosophy. Being ...

This article discusses the problem of correlation between the two fundamental concepts of Kantian philosophy — transcendental reflection and the ideal of pure reason. Based on the analysis of Kant’s three Critiques, the author demonstrates that the ideal of pure reason can be described as a goal that defines the shape of knowledge in any field of activity, whereas transcendental reflection is a means to embody ...

... London: Harvard University Press. Johnson, D.G., 2006. Computer Systems: Moral Entities but Not Moral Agents. Ethics and Information Technology, 8, pp. 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-006-9111-5 . Kant, I., 1997a. The Critique of Practical Reason. In: I. Kant, 1997. Sochineniya v 4-h tomah na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh [Works in 4 Volumes in German and Russian Languages]. Volume 3. Moscow: Moskovskii filosofskii fond, pp. 279-733. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 1997b. Groundwork of the Metaphysics ...

... University Press, pp. 521-640. Kant, I., 1996a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Edited and translated by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37-108. Kant, I., 1996b. Critique of Practical Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Edited and translated by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133-272. Kant, I., 1996c. On the Common Saying: That May Be Correct in Theory, But It Is of No Use in Practice. In: I. Kant,...

... examine the causes and consequences of the theses about Enlightenment which makes a plea for emancipation from the shackles of guardianship, above all by getting rid of one’s own cowardice. In search of an answer to the question, “What is the real reason of self-incurred immaturity?” I consider the bifurcation: Is it all about unjust social institutions established in the interests of the ruling social estates, as the best European brains contended throughout the Enlightenment era, thus anticipating ...

... Edited and translated by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 353-603. Kant, I., 1998a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1998b. The Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2007. Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim. Translated by A. Wood. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History and Education. Edited by G. Zöller ...

... Dostoyevskiy i Kant. Razmyshleniye chitatelya nad romanom “Brat’ya Karamazovy” i traktatom Kanta “Kritika chistogo razuma” [Dostoevsky and Kant. The Reader’s Reflection on the Novel The Brothers Karamazov and Kant’s Treatise Critique of Pure Reason]. Moscow: Nauka. (In Rus.) Golosovker, Ya. E., 2010. Imaginative absolute. In: Ya. E. Golosovker, 2010. Izbrannoye. Logika mifa [Favorites. Myth Logic]. Moscow & St. Petersburg: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, pp. 7-222. (In Rus.) [Gudziy, N. ...

... anthropology. This is a new approach both for Shpet scholarship and for the Russian philosophical tradition, an approach that opens up a new path to overcome the crisis and, what is more, a path that is ecologically significant. This gives us all the more reason to try to find the critical points of anthropologism (easy enough if we turn to Shpet’s article “The Anthropologism of Lavrov in Light of the History of Philosophy”). It also encourages us to reinterpret in an anthropological context Shpet’s ...

... Dmitrieva, N. A., 2007. Russkoe neokantianstvo: “Marburg” v Rossii. Istoriko-filosofskie ocherki [Russian Neo-Kantianism: Marburg in Russia. Historical-philosophical Essays]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Rus.) Guseynov, A. A., 2024. The Place of Critical Reason in Kant’s System of Critical Philosophy. In: A. A. Guseynov, ed. 2024. Filosofiya i praktika [Philosophy and Practice]. Moscow, Saint-Petersburg: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, pp. 5-26. (In Rus.) Habermas, J., 1998. The Philosophical Discourse ...

This research aims to present a coherent analysis of so-called “doctrinal hermeneutics” by examining notable passages from Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason and the Critique of the Power of Judgment. It is first shown that doctrinal hermeneutics essentially relies on symbolic hypotyposis, which can be understood as thinking by analogy supplemented with a reference to intuition. Here, both an historical ...

... philosophy. In the case of the former the moral sense is closely linked with the aesthetic categories of the beautiful and the ugly which correspond respectively to the aesthetic categories of good and evil. The latter associates the moral sense with reason. I then examine Kant’s attitude to the concept of moral sense. First I look at the works of the pre-critical period in which this concept is used and conclude that Kant may have borrowed the concept from Hutcheson. At the same time Kant makes ...

... modern French philosopher Quentin Meillassoux, a representative of speculative realism, in his work After Finitude. I use as a starting point the classical definition of the Copernican turn given by Kant in the second introduction to the Critique of Pure Reason. I then compare this definition with the “new” interpretation offered by the French philosopher. According to Meillassoux, Kant and the following philosophical tradition (Neo-Kantianism and phenomenology) misinterpreted the true role of the ...

... philosophische Hermetik. Wien: Passagen. Brobjer, T. and Moore, G., eds. 2004. Nietzsche and Science. New York: Routledge. Brock, W. H., 2000. The Chemical Tree: A History of Chemistry. New York: W. W. Norton and Co. Buchdahl, G., 1992. Kant and the Dynamics of Reason. Oxford: Blackwell. Carrier, M., 2000. Kant’s Theory of Matter and his Views on Chemistry. In: E. Watkins, ed. 2000. Kant and the Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 205-230. Cat, J. and Best, N. W., 2023. Atomic Number and Isotopy ...

... cognition. Padsow: Cornwall. Kant, I, 1968. Werke: Kritik der reinen Vernunft. 1. Aufl. 1781. Prolegomena. Grundle­gung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaften. Berlin, Boston. Kant, I, I998. The critique of pure reason. Translated by P. D. Guyer and A. W. Wood Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1838. Critique of pure reason. Translated by F. Haywood. London: William Pickering, Kant, I., 1929. Critique of pure reason. Translated by N. Kemp Smith....

... Allison, H. E., 2015. Kant’s Transcendental Deduction. An Analytical-Historical Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bader, R. M., 2017. Inner Sense and Time. In: A. Gomes and A. Stephenson, ed. 2017. Kant and the Philosophy of Mind: Perception, Reason, and the Self. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 124-137. Baum, M., 1986. Deduktion und Beweis in Kants Transzendentalphilosophie. Königstein: Athenäum. Baumanns, P., 1981. Kants Begriff des inneren und äußeren Sinnes. In: G. Funke, Hg. ...

... non-canonical status of Marx’s thesis on Kant and the French Revolution in the Soviet Union in the first half of the twentieth century. Finally, the first Soviet edition of Kant’s works in the 1960s canonised Marx’s phrase and gave the exact source. The reason why it took so long to give chapter and verse for the Marx quotation is that it occurs as early as 1842 in “The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law” which belongs to the idealistic period of the early Marx. Aldanov,...

... cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ideas is impossible. This leads to a kind of “negative theology” of the highest principle and the supersensible as a whole. The reasons are rooted in the character of propositional thought, which can only circumscribe a singular, supersensible reality by means of predicative sentences and discursive thought. Taking Kant’s lead, but in contrast to his terminology, I call really ...

... University Press, pp. 15-22. Kant, I., 1996b. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37-108. Kant, I., 1996c. Critique of Practical Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133-271. Kant, I., 1996d. The Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. Gregor....

The problem of rationality today means the problem of the inner unreasonableness of reasonableness in the sense of its inner limit. Even the humanistic revolution of the Renaissance gradually led to the replacement of the power of omnipotent faith by faith in the omnipotence of power. It is this general orientation towards power and ...

... of vainly trying to make it dependent on one’s own deeds and thoughts. The renunciation of the attempt to justify one’s evil disposition, i.e. the moral conversion to a good disposition, is thus enabled by the principle of the good. Thus one can reasonably hope to achieve goodness in one’s moral conduct because of God’s grace. A transcendental deduction (b) has to justify conditions that enable the acquisition of rational claims. The justification of the claim of practical reason that faith ...

... Come Forward as Science. Translated by G. Hatfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2005. Notes and Fragments. Translated by C. Bowman, P. Guyer and F. Rauscher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Langton, R., 1998. Kantian Humility: Our Ignorance of Things in Themselves. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Longuenesse, B., 2008. Kant’s “I think” versus Descartes’ “I ...

... obvious affinity and agreement between Kant and Lessing with regard to many substantial questions, serious differences cannot be overlooked; the frequently diagnosed closeness and widely suspected “harmony” between the two is probably also the primary reason why important factual differences and controversial aspects have so far usually been neglected or ignored in research, although they still continue to raise problems and controversies in the context of the Enlightenment and the philosophy of religion....

... system of Kant is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity owes its development and existence to the practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Гартман Н. Этика. СПб., 2002. 2. Гуревич П. С. Философская ...

... 1, p. 1—23. 14. Barker, S. F., 1967, Appearing and appearances in Kant, in: The Monist, vol. 51, no. 3, Kant Today: Part I, p. 426—441. 15. Bird, G., 1962, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge: An Outline of One Central Argument in the Critique of Pure Reason, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 16. Bird, G., 2006, The Revolutionary Kant: A Commentary on the Critique of Pure Reason, Chicago and La Salle: Open Court. 17. Cassirer, E., 1910, Substance and Function. Chicago: Open Court, 1923 (Substanzbegriff ...

Against the background of a dispute with K. Jaspers, this article considers the Critique of Pure Reason as a system of epistemology and an overview of Kant’s philosophical system. The cen-tral thesis is the statement that Kant’s epistemology is based on transcendental anthropology con-nected with the history of philosophy. It is proven that, ...

Against the background of a dispute with K. Jaspers, this article considers the Critique of Pure Reason as a system of epistemology and an overview of Kant’s philosophical system. The central thesis is the statement that Kant’s epistemology is based on transcendental anthropology connected with the history of philosophy. It is proven that, in ...

... Zweisprachige deutsch-russische Ausgabe. Bd. 1. М. 11. Kant, I. 2009, Ob odnom otkrytii, posle kotorogo vsjakaja novaja kritika chistogo razuma stanovitsja izlishnej vvidu nalichija prezhnej (Protiv Jeberharda) [On a Discovery Whereby any new Critique of Pure Reason is to be Made of Superfluous by an Older one (Contrary to Eberhard)], in: Kant, I. Traktaty, recenzii, pis'ma [Tractates, Reviews, Letters]. Kaliningrad. URL: kant-online. ru/?p=1617 (accessed on 23.07.2015) 12. Kant, I. 1999, Spor fakul'tetov ...

The article introduces Kant’s doctrine of schematism (Critique of Pure Reason A 137-A 147; B 176-B 187). The inclusion of the chapter on schematism in the ‘Doctrine of the Principles’ rather than the ‘Doctrine of Concepts’ is taken as a clue to distinguishing the Doctrine of Schematism from the Deduction of the Pure ...