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... humanity rather than analysing or synthesising scientific knowledge or development it. Philosophy of science proper should be based on Aristotle’s idea of metaphysics revisited in view of metaphysics of self-consciousness and the doctrine of practical reason, freedom, identity, and dignity of a human being as a personality. It should also embrace the idea of world history and universal civil meaning of philosophy. Recognition of relative a priori determination of human knowledge and behaviour in a ...

... Jungius, the basic science is protonoetic philosophy (philosophia protonoetica), whose major task is to identify the elemental operations of mind and the underlying laws. These laws serve as the basis for critique, which is aimed against the critique of reasoning and is of logical nature. However, according to Jungius, it is not traditional but mathematical logic — which he interprets inthe manner of constructivism — that should be the instrument of critique. Traditional logic is a reflective science ...

... Парменид // Собр. соч. : в 4 т. М., 1993. Т. 2. С. 346—413. 10. Allison H. Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. New Hawen ; L., 2004. 11. Bird G. The Revolutionary Kant: A Commentary on the Critique of Pure Reason.Chicago, 2006. 12. Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason / eds. Guyer P., Wood A. Cambridge, 1998. 13. Hanna R. Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford, 2001. 14. Hanna R. Kant in the XX century. 2007. URL: http://spot.colorado.edu/~rhanna/kant_in_the_twentieth_century_proofs_dec07....

On the basis of Kant's texts, the author attempts to prove that two and three-element logical-semantic structures — called the judgements of understanding and reason by Kant — represent logically organized complexes of propositions grouping around the structural core of both types of inferences and are communicative forms of textual material "packaging" and, thus, are forms of textuality in I. ...

... ardent supporter of the monarchy and provided armed assistance to Charles I in his struggle against the Scot­tish Covenanters. He later sharply changed sides and began to support Cromwell during his campaign in Ireland. The study characterizes the reasons for Sir Randal’s defection to the side of the “enemies of Catholicism,” as well as the services he rendered to the new regime. In ad­dition, the article identifies the circle of patrons of the Catholic lord and analyzes the reasons why ...

... Do We Owe to Animals? Kant on Non-Intrinsic Value. In: J. J. Callanan and L. Allais, eds. 2020. Kant and Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 176-190. Huneman, P., 2006. Naturalising Purpose: From Comparative Anatomy to the ‘Adventure of Reason’. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 37(4), pp. 649-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2006.09.004 . Kant, I., 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgment. Translated by P. Guyer and E. Matthews. Cambridge: ...

... 2002. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will Be Able to Come Forward as Science. In: H. Allison and P. Heath, eds., 2002. Theoretical Philosophy after 1781. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 49-169. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kanterian, E., 2013. The Ideality of Space and Time: Trendelenburg versus Kant, Fischer and Bird. Kant­ian Review, 18(2), pp. 263-288. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1369415413000022 ...

... 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-00402-4_5 . Kant, I., 1992. The Vienna Logic. In: I. Kant, 1992. Lectures on Logic. Translated and edited by J. M. Young. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 250-377. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited and translated by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2002a. Jottings for the Progress of Metaphysics. In: I. Kant. Theoretical Philosophy after 1781. Edited by H. Alli­son and P. Heath, translated by ...

... publication, Come On! the Club of Rome advocates the need for a New Enlightenment. It associates Kant with an Old Enlightenment that favours (i) individualism, (ii) rationalism and in general (iii) a lack of balance between different elements such as reason and feelings. In this discussion note, I argue — based on Kant’s theoretical as well as practical philosophies — that the charges are not properly levelled at Kant. (i) In finding truth as well as what is morally right, Kant advocates abstracting ...

... Introduction by A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 365-603. Kant, I., 1997. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated and edited by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2009. Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar, Introduction by S. R. Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett. Kant, I., 2015. Critique of Practical Reason. Translated and edited by M. Gregor, with a revised introduction by A. Reath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press....

... catalog/channels/navalnylivechannel; https://t.me/navalnylivechannel [Accessed: 15 January 2023]. Ostorozhno: Sobchak [Caution: Sobchak]. Available at: https://ksenia-sobchak . com/category/ostorozhno-sobchak/ [Accessed: 16 January 2023]. Prizyv k Razumu / «Appeal to Reason» (I. Polyakov) [Appeal to Reason (I. Polyakov)]. Available at: https://thewikihow.com/channel_UCLTIJiUaJklC1OuG92 mBXLA#videos [Accessed: 25 January 2023]. Prostye chisla [Prime numbers]. Available at: https://rutube.ru/channel/23325 655/videos/ ...

... of nature in all their perceivable alterations which include all their actions, but their noumenal selves, not being in time, are not determined by the necessity of causal laws of nature, but can be determined by the moral law of their pure practical reason which they give to themselves. The actions of the will, observable volitions and external actions, can therefore, at the same time, be under the necessitating law of nature, i.e. be unfree, and, as appearances of the self-determination of their ...

... terms are used in moral philosophy. Here they have two main meanings: the principle of adjudication corresponds to the objective foundation of volition, whereas the principle of execution points to the objective foundation; to adjudicate moral duty reason alone is enough, to execute it external (divine) will needs to be posited. The research has established that Kant borrows these concepts from the lecture course on logic where their main meaning is different: the principle of adjudication serving ...

... Kant, I., 1996d. An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 15-22. Kant, I., 1996e. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology. Translated and edited by A.W. Wood and G. di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 54-215. Kant, I., 1997. Lectures on Ethics. Translated by P. Heath, edited by P. Heath and J. ...

... Zuverläßigkeit der menschlichen Erkenntniß. Leipzig: Gleditsch. Dalla Rosa, D., 2020. On Rules of Inference in Kant’s Logic. Estudos Kantianos, 8(1), pp. 85-100. https://doi.org/10.36311/2318-0501.2020.v8n1.07.p85 Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1992a. Lectures on Logic. Translated and edited by J. M. Young. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I. 1992b. The False Subtlety of the Four ...

..., pp. 3-38. (In Rus.) Hegel, G. W. F., 1977. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jähnig, D., 1966. Schelling. Die Kunst in der Philosophie. Band 1. Pfullingen: Neske. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Linkov, E. S., 1973. Dialektika sub’ekta i ob’ekta v filosofii Schellinga [The Dialectic of Subject and Object in Schelling’s Philosophy]. Leningrad: ...

... 26(1), pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract20002615 Audi, R. N., 2004. The Good in the Right: A Theory of Intuition and Intrinsic Value. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Bader, R. M., 2015. Kantian Axiology and the Dualism of Practical Reason. In: I. Hirose and J. Olson, eds. 2015. The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 175-202. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199959303.013.0011 Bardon, A., 2000. From Nozick to Welfare Rights: Self-Ownership,...

... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 353-604. Kant, I., 1997. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated and edited by M.J. Gregor, Introduction by C. M. Korsgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2002. Critique of Practical Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar, Introduction by S. Engstrom. Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company Inc. Kant, I., 2009. Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar, Introduction by S. R. Palmquist. Indianapolis ...

... space and time to be objective. In his doctrine of the categories of understanding Golubinsky follows Kant in that the foundation of the categories of understanding is the unity of self-consciousness but he attributes the unity of self-consciousness to reason’s idea of the Infinite, whereas Kant sees it in the understanding. With some reservations, it can be said that Golubinsky adopts Kant’s table of categories but changes their order. As for the meaning of the categories, for Golubinsky they are ...

... ours is done from duty or simply in accordance with it. This view is voiced in several of Kant’s writings. Most prominent is its appearance in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, but we also find it in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and in The Metaphysics of Morals, and it is even present in smaller writings such as “On a Miscarriage of all Philosophical Trials in Theodicy” or “On the Common Saying: That may be correct in theory, but is of no use in practice”. It is ...

... also, and above all, with regard to the Newton-critical moments of this natur­al theory. However, this thesis can only be confirmed in relation to individual theorems, such as the relationship between attraction and repulsion force, even though the reasons for Lambert and Kant’s deviation from Newton’s theory of gravity also differ. For in its main features the transcendental metaphysics of Kant’s nature is substantially different from the mathematical methodology of Lambert’s theory of ...

... affinities and the question concerning Wittgenstein’s alleged use of “transcendental arguments”. First, Alfred Norman’s reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a thought experiment receives revision to develop a view of the Critique of Pure Reason as a large-scale thought experiment that shares important logical features with the Tractatus. Then the question is addressed whether the middle Wittgenstein and the pre-critical Kant employed any thought experiments that could be equally characterised ...

... Edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 571-580. Habermas, J., 1991. Treffen Hegels Einwände gegen Kant auch auf die Diskursethik zu? In: J. Habermas. Erläuterungen zur Diskursethik. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 9-30. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hare, R. M., 1981. Moral Thinking. Its Levels, Method, and Point. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hegel, G. W. F., 1991. Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Translated by H. B. Nisbeth, edited by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge ...

De Boer, K., 2020. Kant’s Reform of Metaphysics: The Critique of Pure Reason Reconsidered. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gloy, K., 1998. Bewusstseinstheorien: zur Problematik und Problemgeschichte des Bewusstseins und Selbstbewusstseins. Freiburg & München: Alber. Henrich, D., 1966. Fichtes ursprüngliche Einsicht....

... views of Kant and Heidegger on being. To this end I analyse Heidegger’s work Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics which Heidegger was writing intermittently during the period from 1927 to 1964. It deals not only with the ideas of the Critique of Pure Reason but also with Kant’s pre-critical work, The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God (1763), in which Kant explicitly addressed the question of being for the first time. Heidegger focuses on the transcendental ...

Brandom, R., 1994. Making It Explicit: Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive Commitment. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press. Ehrsam, R., 2016. Le problème du langage chez Kant. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited by P. Guyer ...

..., 2012. Kant’s Philosophy of Language? Tijdschrift voor Filosofie, 74(3), pp. 485-511. 8. Gale, R., 1963. Some Metaphysical Statements about Time. The Journal of Philosophy, 60(9), pp. 225-237. 9. Hamann, J. G., 1995. Metacritique of the Purism of Reason. In: G. G. Dickson, 1995. Johann Georg Hamann’s Relational Metacriticism. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 517-525. 10. Heijenoort, J., 1967. Logic as Calculus and Logic as Language. Synthese, 17(3), pp. 324-330. 11. Hintikka, J., 1997....

... twenty-first centuries. The presentations, questions and discussions centred around the main problems of transcendentalism: the differences between the phenomenon and the thing in itself, between the first and second editions of the Critique of Pure Reason, the relationship between realist and constructivist aspects of Kantian transcendentalism, the transformation of Kantian transcendental philosophy in Neo-Kantianism and phenomenology and more. Husserl, E., 1984. Logische Untersuchungen, Band ...

... moral­ity and to the cosmopolitical task of the establishment of an international order of legal institutions. Kant’s practical Platonism insists on the creation of a moral world order through human actions that take their lead from pure practical reason. Baumgarten, A. G., 1760. Initia philosophiae practicae primae. Halle: Hemmerde. Baumgarten, A. G., 1750. Metaphysica. Halle: Hemmerde. Baumgarten, A. G., 1783. Metaphysik. Übersetzt von G. F. Meier. Herausgegeben von J. A. Eberhard. Halle: ...

... (for example, intuitivists). The analysis of the onto-epistemological projects of Russian Neo-Kantians makes important additions to the picture of the reception of Neo-Kantianism in Russia. Boldyrev, N. V., 1922. Being and Knowledge, Intuition and Reason. Ontological Motives of Critical Philo­s­ophy. Mysl. Zhurnal Peterburgskogo filosofskogo ob­shchestva [Thought. Bulletin of the Russian Philosophical Society], 1, pp. 13-32. (In Russ.) Cassirer, E., 1953. Substance and Function. Mineola, N.Y....

This article considers the functions, structure and actions of transcendental logic in “The Analytic of Principles” of Kant’s “Critique of pure reason”. The author explicates the specificity, rules, laws and the method of transcendental logic in this sphere of analytic. 1. Кант И. Критика чистого разума (В, 1787 г.) // И. Кант. Сочинения на рус­ском ...

... pp. 165—178. 4. Kant, I. 1994a, Izbrannye pis'ma [Selected Letters; letter’s to M. Herz] In: Kant, I. Sobranie sochinenij v 8 tomah. [Works in 8 volumes], vol. 8, S. 57—136. 5. Kant, I. 1994b, Kritika chistogo razuma (1787) [Critique of Pure Reason (second edition)]. In: Kant, I. Sobranie sochinenij v 8 tomah. [Works in 8 volumes], vol. 3. 6. Kant, I. 1994v, Prolegomeny ko vsiakoy budushey metafizike, kotoraia mozhet poiavit’sia kak nauka [Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics] In: Kant,...

... philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity owes its development and existence to the practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Апель К.-О. Априори коммуникативного сообщества ...

Debates over Kant’s famous postulate about the existence of synthetic a priori judgements in mathematics, formulated in the Critique of Pure Reason, have been raging for over two centuries. On the one hand, it was fiercely criticised by neo-positivists in the early 20th century. On the other hand, Kant’s ideas on constructive nature of mathematics served as a philosophical framework for ...

... prominent figure in the nineteenth-century American philosophy. His contribution to philosophy and logic is enormous. The significance of some of his ideas was not realized until today. As a philosopher, Peirce was shaped by Kant, whose Critique of Pure Reason he knew almost by heart. Peirce was fascinated by the German thinker, who literally opened for him the philosophy of modern era and introduced him to the problem of cognition and increment of knowledge. Peirce was never a Kantian but the oeuvre ...

... is unproductive to speculate whether the Marburg philosopher was a proponent of Kant, Hegel, or Fichte. It seems appropriate to call Hermann Cohen a “Cohenian” and consider his ideas relating to the interaction between theoretical and practical reason and the construction of a rigid and elaborate system con-sisting of verified elements from the perspective of his own system of philosophy, which is complete in its key aspects. This article demonstrates the efforts of the Marburg philosopher to ...

... However, Kant’s system is a cohesive whole and no part of it can be used without considering this fact. 1. Vinogradov V. V. 1972, Russkij yazyk [Russian language]. M. : «Vysshaya shkola». 2. Kant, I. 1964, Kritika chistogo razuma [Critique of Pure Reason] in: Kant, I. Sochinenija v shesti tomah [The works in six volumes], vol. 3, Moscow. 3. Kant, I. 1965, Kritika prakticheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] in: Kant, I. Sochinenija v shesti tomah [The works in six volumes], vol. 4/1, Moscow....

... philosophers of the Enlightenment (Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot), as well as a number of provisions of Kant’s philosophy. Despite the fact that Condorcet was not familiar with Kant’s works, his general ideas on the autonomous subject, their reason and freedom, and history and social progress bear strong similarity to Kant’s views. However, the observed differences are indicative not only of Condorcet having overcome the prejudices of his time, but also of that his version of social, ethical,...

... other, they correspond to abstract idealisation relations – norms and values – that are immanent in the world of phenomena and contribute to the organisation of that world. 1. Kant, I. 1965a, Kritika practicheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol. 4 (1), Moscow. 2. Kant, I. 1966, Kritika sposobnosti suzhdenija [Critique of Judgment], in: Kant, I. Sobr. soch. v 6 t., [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol. 5, Moscow....

Швейцер А. Философия религии Канта (от «Критики чистого разума» до «Религии в пределах только разума»). Предисловие. Ч. 1 // Кантовский сборник. 2016. Т. 35, № 2. С. 109—118 ; № 3. С. 82—98 ; № 4. С. 73—78 ; 2017. Т. 36, № 1. С. 90—103.

... duhovidca, poyasnennie grezami metafiziki [Dreams of a Visionary Explained by Dreams of Metaphysics] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol 2, Moscow. 2. Kant, I. 1964б, Kritika chistogo razuma [Critique of Pure Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol 3, Moscow. 3. Kant, I. 1965б, Kritika practicheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol ...