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The article analyses the leading concepts and provisions of Kant's philosophy of religion. The findings are based on a comparative analysis of the German philosopher’s major works on the philosophical doctrine of religion, namely Lectures on the philosophical doctrine of religion and Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. The authors trace both the evolution of Kant’s ideas on religion and ...

... e autocoscienza. Prospettive storico-critiche / А cura di P. Palumbo, A. Le Moli. Milano, 2011. 25. Krouglov A. N. Tetens, Kant and Discussion on Metaphysics in Germany of the second half of the 18th century. M., 2008. 26. Leibniz G. W. A New System of the Nature and Communication of Substances, and of the Union of the Soul and Body // G. W. Leibniz: Philosophical Essays / Tr. and ed. by R. Ariew, D. Garber. Indianapolis, 1989. 27. Leibniz G. W. Principles of Nature and Grace,... .... Y., 1979. 30. Onomasticon philosophicum. Latinoteutonicum et teutonicolatinum / Hrsg. von K. Aso, M. Kurosaki, T. Otabe, S. Yamauchi. Tokio, 1989. 31. Vasilyev V. Philosophical Psychology in the Age of Enlightenment. M., 2010. 32. Watkins E. Fr ...

... moral agent (AMA) is possible implies discussion of a whole range of problems raised by Kant within the framework of practical philosophy that have not exhausted their heuris­tic... ... then it does not act morally and freely, but heteronomously. As a consequence of AI’s lack of autonomy, and thus lack of access to the moral law, it does not and cannot... ....1080/09528130050111428 . Allen, C., Wallach, W. and Smit, I., 2006. Why Machine Ethics? IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(4), pp. 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2006.83 . Anderson, M. and Anderson...

... great and possibly unique value of human life. Tracing these outlooks historically in the debate has barely begun. What might philosophers have said, or what did they say, about human life itself and its value to merit reproduction? Herein it is useful to look to Kant, who wrote much on whether, by reproducing, humans do wrong or right morally. Two main arguments are put forward and assessed: one examining whether perfect or imperfect duties condone reproduction, the other whether Kant’s teleological or, in the opposite sense, his eschatological outlooks can salvage reproduction. These two arguments are essential ...

Against the background of a dispute with K. Jaspers, this article considers the Critique of Pure Reason as a system of epistemology and an overview of Kant’s philosophical system. The cen-tral thesis is the statement that Kant’s epistemology is based on transcendental anthropology con-nected with the history of philosophy. It is proven that, in terms of its content, the formal dual divi-sion of the Critique is a triad ...

... —Heidegger: 70 Jahre Davoser Disputation / Hrsg. von D. Kaegi und E. Rudolph. Hamburg,2002. S. 215—233, (Cassirer-Forschungen; 9). 25. Hartmann N. Platos Logik des Seins. Giessen... ....Stuttgart, 1907. S. 203—344; 2. Abt. Stuttgart, 21922. S. 7—146. 40. Natorp P. Kant oder Herbart? Eine Gegenkritik // Natorp P. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Sozialpädagogik... ... 59. Natorp P. Hermann Cohens philosophische Leistung unter dem Gesichtspunkte des Systems. Berlin, 1918b. — (Philosophische Vorträge, veröffentlicht von der Kant-Gesellschaft...

... challenge the tradition and yet claim to be a renewed version of it. It is shown that the fairly systematic critique of the Kant­ian approach by Johann Georg Hamann and Johann Gottfried Herder falls short of proposing an alternative philosophical system because, having a religious foundation, it does not offer a complete grounding of knowledge. In the wide range of anti-Kantian positions on the nature of language Gustav Shpet’s concept of language is singled out. It pursues the same task of creating a universal system of knowledge as Husserl’s phenomenology,...

The category of power is one of ontological predicates discussed by Kant in lectures on metaphysics. This concept expresses relation of substance to its attributes and plays an important role in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. Law is a simple form of unity incorporating an idea of the play of powers, whereas power is a category that makes it possible to understand the supersensible as a realm of laws. This interpretation is inherent in the system of not only theoretical but also practical reason. Freedom is the ‘substance’ of human existence. The unity of freedom ...

... ‘post-neo-Kantianism’ among Polish researchers of the neo-Kantian movement in modern philosophy. The epistemological interpretation of Kant’s philosophy was rejected by the followers of post-Neo-Kantianism in favour of the ontological one. 1. Belov V. N. 2010 (a), Problema racionalnogo i irracionalnogo v filosofskoj sistiemie V. E. Sezemana [The problem of rational and irrational in the philosophical system of V. E. Se¬semann] // Х Kantovskije chtenija. Klassicheskij razum i wyzowy sovremiennoj civilizacji. Matierialy miezdunarodnoj ...

... international conference “Kantian Rationality in Philosophy of Science” was held on 9–11 October 2020 at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU) in Kaliningrad. Fifteen participants from different countries discussed aspects of the ... ... reason in it: the unity, difference, and systematicity of the functions of reason in science, as they are revealed in Kant’s discussions of criteria of scientificity, the classification of sciences, or methods of theoretical and experimental research ...

... himself the task of “transforming” the Kantian philosophy into a new metaphysical system proceeding from the foundational principles of critical thinking. As a result... ... Neo-Kantians to put the concrete human in the absolute horizon of being at the focus of philosophical investigations. In his metaphysics anthropology begins to play a system-forming... ... methodology for revealing the specificities of the human being. Here, too, Frank follows Kant who in his Logic defined the question “What is man?” as the fundamental question of philosophy. Frank’s three books, The Object of Knowledge (1915), Man’s Soul (1915), and The Spiritual...

I proceed from the hypothesis that the difficulties in Kant’s presentation of his plan and, accordingly, the implicit reason for the critical attitude to this plan on the part of many contemporary philosophers stem from the fact that he had no theoretical link at his disposal which would offer a more solid scientific grounding for his entire system. I believe that Darwinism is such a link which bolsters the central but ungrounded ...

... Zhuchkov). However, the complexity of historical and philosophical interpretation and analysis of Kant’s meanings in Strakhov’s philosophical research lies in the fact that this re-search is hermeneutic (‘peripheral’, according to F. E. Shperk). It strives to grasp the meanings not in the framework of historical continuity as a creation of the ‘forefather of ensuing systems’, but as part of the open whole of Kant’s philosophy filled with the ‘questions without answers, doubts without solutions’ (from Strakhov’s letters to Fet)....

... overcoming the superficial approach to Neo-Kantianism: Neo-Kantianism is widely interpreted as a one-sided understanding of Kant’s works, their corruption, and, thus, a dead-end branch of the transcendental philosophy of the great Königsberg thinker. The author also discusses some of the fundamental aspects of divergence between Hermann Cohen’s philosophical system and German Neo-Kantianism. It is argued that Cohen created an original philosophical system; therefore, it is unproductive ...

This article concludes the analysis of systematicity of the Critique of Pure Reason — the work that underlies the entire system created by the great Königsberg philosopher. The author considers the role of transcendental dialectic (it accounts for more than half of the book) in Kant’s methodology of science and the system of criticism. In the context of traditional epistemological theories, it was an entirely new instalment supplementing these theories and understanding knowledge as a continuous process undergoing scientific revolutions. Constructing synthetic a ...

This article proves that Kant’s philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason ...

This article considers the circumstances of the appearance of Kant’s remarks on the last book of M. Mendelssohn Morgenstunden… in relation to its analysis ... ... avoid them and concentrate on constructing a consistent and thus solid and effective system of philosophy. The significance of Kant’s small polemic works lies in that... ... the key elements of his system. Due to the objection to Mendelssohn’s reduction of philosophical debates to linguistic misunderstandings, i. e. discussions of words, it...

... that the future of humankind depends crucially on an ideological rethinking of man’s status in the world. They stress the need to enhance the responsibility of the individual... ... 4(3), pp. 215-37. https://doi.org/10.1386/jgvw.4.3.215_1 . Bryushinkin, V., 1991. Kant and Artificial Intelligence: World Models. Kantian Journal, 1(16), pp. 80-89. (In... ... Bryushinkin, V. N., 2013. The Transcendental Synthesis of World Models in Intellectual Systems. In: S. Bacin, A. Ferrarin, Cl. La Rocca and M. Ruffing, eds. 2013. Kant und...

The article is devoted to the problem of identification of the Kant’s and Berkeley’s philosophical systems. The author considers reasons of the origin of Kant-Berkeley question and considers some versions of its completion. ... ... Историко-фило­софский альманах. Вып. 1: Кант и современность. М., 2005. С. 182—189. 2. Allison H. E. Kant,s Critique of Berkeley // Journal of the History of Philosophy. 1973. Vol. 11. 3. Berkeley G. The Works. London, 1908. Vol....

Immanuel Kant never considered the problems of medicine as a science in his works, however, his ... ... the late 18th century as to the issues of medical theory. The German physician and philosopher Johann Benjamin Erhard was first to address the theoretical status of contemporary medicine based on Kant’s critical foundations of science and arguments for the possibility of a philosophy... ... techniques. With the help of Kant’s theory of teleology in nature and based on the system of medi¬cine developed by the Scottish physician John Brown, Erhard attempted...

... to the power of judgement precludes the pluralism of conceptual systems that can be interpreted within possible experience. Thus,... ... 389—403. Benthem, J. van, 2003, Is There Still Logic in Bolzano’s Key? In: E. Morscher (ed.), Bernard Bolzanos Leistungen in Logik,... ... Mining. Constants versus Consequence Relations. In: Journal of Philosophical Logic, vol. 41, pp. 671—709. Bryushinkin, V. N.... ... Journal], no. 26, pp. 148—167. (In Russ.) Bryushinkin, V. N. 2011, Kant’s Logic and Strawson’s Meta­physics. In: Kantovsky Sbornik ...

... ways determined the cultural and intellectual horizon of the epoch. The many years of correspondence with the last two writers went a long way to shape and develop Strakhov’s perception of Kant as a thinker. Indeed, without a virtual dialogue with Kant no modern philosophical system can be built. Strakhov’s reflections on the Kantian style of thinking, adoption of Kantian criticism as the model of epistemic analysis in many ways determined the features of his own philosophical work and became a catalyst of renewed interest in Russia in the Kantian philosophy ...

Kant is compared with Socrates because the two philosophers have much in common. Both thinkers were central figures in their time. ... ... Translated and edited by R. Crisp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Averintsev, S. S., 1989. The Two Births of European Rationalism and the Simplest Realities of Literature. In: I. T. Frolov, ed. 1989. Chelovek v sisteme nauk [Man in the System of Sciences]. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 332-342. (In Rus.) Baehr, J., 2011. The Inquiring...

Kant’s deduction of the Christian doctrine of justification, respectively the doctrine of ... ... Kants Gotteslehre. Kant-Studien, 47, S. 31-61. Langthaler, R., 1991. Kants Ethik als “System der Zwecke”. Perspektiven einer modifizierten Idee der “moralischen Teleologie”... ... the Bounds of Bare Reason. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. Raffelt, A., 2005. Kant als Philosoph des Protestantismus — oder des Katholizismus? In: Fischer, N., hg. 2005...

The article broaches the issue of Kant’s claim of the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject by tracing his criticism of philosophical enthusiasm (“Schwärmerei”). For Kant intellectual intuition (“intellektuelle Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical ...

Kant’s transcendental philosophy (transcendentalism) focuses on both the human method of ... ... constructivism. Within Kant’s constructivism, mathematics can be described as a two-tier system, which suggests a “shift” from the level of concepts of the understanding... ... «Abstrakcija», «abstraktnyiy ob"ekt». In: Novoiy filosofskoiy enciklopedii [The new philosophical encyclopedia]: http://iph . ras. ru/elib/0019.html 23. Novoselov M. M...

... of all-European Enlightenment. This turns our attention away from entire layers of philosophical thought, since the Kantian definition of enlightenment in the late eighteenth... ... enlightenment as the standard turns out to be a rather late historical phenomenon. Even Kant’s closest followers did not turn to his interpretation of enlightenment and, indeed... ... Boivin. Hegel, G. W. F., 1978. The Difference between the Fichtean and Schellingian Systems of Philosophy. Translation, Introductory Essay, and Notes by J. P. Surber. Reseda...

This essay concerns an unusual note of Kant’s that has been available in Hamburg since the 1920s but otherwise neglected in the Kant literature. This small 8 x 6.3 cm sheet belonged to the manuscript collector Oskar Ulex (1852—1934), who appears to have bought it from a dealer in France. Writing ...

There is a growing interest in both Kant’s conception of philosophy and contemporary metaphilosophy, understood as philosophical inquiry into philosophy, its aims, purpose, subjects, structure, practice and methods. Kant has not contributed to metaphilosophy qua contemporary discipline, but his direct analyses of what philosophy is and how it is to be done can be ...

... 1912. Spiritualizm, kak monisticheskaya sistema filosofii [Spiritualism as monistic system of philosophy], Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii [Problems of philosophy and psychology]... ... 21. Losskiy N. O. 2008. Vospominaniya. Zhizn i filosofskiy put [Memories. Life and philosophical way] Moscow, 400 p. 22. Losskiy N. O. 1995. Chuvstvennaya, intellektualnaya... ... intuitsiya [Sensual, intellectual and mystical intuition]. Moscow, 400 p. 23. Nizhnikov S. A. 2005. Filosofiya Kanta v otechestvennoy mysli [Kant’s philosophy in native thought]. Moscow, 236 p. 24. Polovinkin S. M. 2002. Vladimir...

... and early twentieth centuries the need to rethink the status of space and time which Kant considered to be a priori forms of sensibility was prompted by the emergence of... ... interconnected neo-Kantian concepts, of Hermann Cohen and Ivan Lapshin. Studying Kant’s philosophy since his student days, Lapshin gradually came to the conclusion that the... ... Istoriko-filosofskie ocherki [Russian Neo-Kantianism: “Marburg” in Russia. Historical and Philosophical Essays]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Rus.) Dmitrieva, N. A., 2010. Mensch und...

... Wertes» in der konsequentesten und systematisierten Art gerade in der Tradition von Kant formiert. Für Kant ist die menschliche Persönlichkeit bei all ihrer Einzigartigkeit... ... Mensch­heit. Versuch einer Anthropologie. 6. Auflage. 3 Bde. Leipzig, 1923. 30. Lotze H. System der Philosophie. I Theil. Logik. Leipzig, 1880. 31. Lotze H. Geschichte der deutschen... ... 1957 (рус. пер. Философский словарь. М., 1961). 33. Schlotter S. Kant bis Neukantianismus; Historismus; Psychologismus // Histori­sches Wörterbuch...

... Neo-Fichteanism. Fichte-Studien, 45, pp. 309-327. Belov, V. N., 2014. Ethics in the System of Philosophical Criticism of Hermann Cohen. Ethical Thought, 14, pp. 174-199. (In Rus.) Belov, V. N., 2016. Our Disagreements: On the Anniversary of the Leading Kant Scholar of Modern Russia. Kantian Journal, 2(56), pp. 10-15. (In Rus.) Bykova, M. F., 2006. The Concept of the Subject in Fichte’s Philosophy, Istoriko-filosofskii ezhegodnik 2006, pp. 151-179. (In Rus.) Cohen, H...

This article continues to analyse the systemacity of the CPR as a text ensuring the integrity of Kant’s philosophical system. Following the ideas presented in the first two parts of this work, part three considers the correlation between the spheres of concepts and reality. Kant divides concepts into phaenomena and noumena. The former are apprehended by the senses and ...

The aim is to examine Alois Riehl’s contribution to the “culture war” (Kulturkampf) in the second half of the nineteenth century. We show that he used Kant’s autonomy principle to argue against the idea that religious dogmatism is a fundament of morality. We prove this thesis ... ... Engelmann. Riehl, A., 1887. Der philosophische Kriticismus und seine Bedeutung für die positive Wissenschaft. Geschichte und System. Band 2, Teil 2: Zur Wissenschaftstheorie und Metaphysik. Leipzig: Engelmann. Riehl, A., 1913. Brief an Wilhelm Wundt, ...

Throughout history, both philosophers and non-philosophers have doubted that philosophical positions qua philosophical ... ... the term “Metaphilosophical Skepticism”. Nicholas Rescher, in his book Strife of Systems, includes Kant among the proponents of this kind of skepticism. I want to argue that while Rescher... ... “Second-Stage-Skepticism” and on which I will focus. In the following part, I reconstruct Rescher’s reading of Second-Stage-Skepticism as well as his reasons for considering Kant to...

This article analyses different definitions, types and tasks of Kant's anthropology: Is "moral" or "practical" anthropology identical to "pragmatic" anthropology? Does ... ... Wissenschaften vom Menschen. Bielefeld, 2009. 23. Wood A. Unsociable Sociability. The Anthropological Basis of Kant’s Et­hics // Philosophical Topics. Vol. 19 (1991). P. 325—351. 24. Wenzel U. J. Anthroponomie: Kants Archäologie der Autonomie. B., 1992....

... Mossio, M., 2015. Biological Autonomy. Biological Autonomy: A Philosophical and Theoretical Enquiry . Dordrecht: Springer. Muhin,... ... fiziologii [Elementary Foundations of Physiology]. Moscow: Tip. S. Selivanovskogo, pp. 89-216. (In Rus.) Nagel, T., 2012. Mind ... ... Issledovaniya, 3(67), pp. 62-78. (In Rus). Quarfood, M., 2006. Kant on Biological Teleology: Towards a Two-level Interpretation.... ... https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2006.09.007 . Schelling, F. W. J., 1997. System of Transcendental Idealism. Translated by P. Heath with ...

Kant’s philosophical system has had a strange history: from the moment of its inception, it exhibited critical contradictions; however, later, it was demonstrated that the contradictions existed not in the system of the Königsberg philosopher, but rather in the mind of the ...

This article considers the development of N. O. Lossky’s concept of intuitivism in the context of the translation of Kant’s works and revision of Kant’s epistemology. The development of Lossky as an independent philosopher required overcoming Kant’s scepticism, which was not consistent with the ideal-realist’s belief in the cognoscibility ... ... transsubjective world given us in the original. The means necessary to overcome it determined the key characteristics of the new system of intuitivism, which emerged in a discussion of Kant’s epistemological system. The author identifies the key themes ...

At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably ...

“Lectures on Poelitz’s philosophical theory of religion” are one of the four surviving manuscripts of Kant’s lectures on rational theology. The Lectures include an introduction, two parts, and an appendix. The introduction contains ... ... particular, this holds true for the postulates of the existence of god and immortality of the soul and their role on Kant’s ethical system. 1. Кант И. Критика практического разума // Кант И. Собр. соч. : в 8 т. М....

In his recent paper, “Things in Themselves: An Interim Report,” Robert Howell says that a philosophically satisfactory resolution of all-too-familiar problems about Kant’s views on the object of knowledge and the nature of things-in-themselves should meet three conditions: (1) it should be reasonably ... ... In 2 volumes. Vol. 2. Мoscow. 5. Gödel, K. 1992, On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems. Transl. by B. Meltzer. N. Y. 6. Hanna, R. 2001, Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford. 7. Hanna, R....