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The grounds of construction of ethical systems of Kant and Solovjev are comparatively tested in this article. Noting the obvious strenghts of Kant’s ethics, Solovjev finds, that because of its absolute formalism it doesn’t have the complete implementation in the objective ... ... of Kant’s ethic the double meaning and uncertainty. The author notes, that for all his respect to Kant’s ethic, Russian philosopher constructs ethic on his own principles. In the foundation of his moral philosophy Solovjev puts down the idea of Good,...

... main representatives of the Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism, is an important and at the same time controversial part of their philosophical systems. The discussion around the problems of religion began within the Marburg School and still continues among those who study ... ..., 2018c. The Philosophy of the Religion of Hermann Cohen and Its Evaluation by Russian-Jewish Thinkers. In: J. Dobieszewski, S. Krajewski and J. Mach, eds. 2018. Epistemologia doświadczenia religijnego w XX-wiecznej filozofii rosyjskiej i żydowskiej....

This article analyses Kant’s work “Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?” It is shown that Kant’s enlightenment is a political project. The author focuses on the philosophical prerequisites and the essence of this project and analyses the difference ... ... consideringKant’s practical philosophy. It is concluded that, unlike the Copernican system of theoretical reason, Kant’s system of practical reasons remains Ptolemaic...

... on the results of a large-scale study by professional ethical philosophers devoted to the question of the nature of universality ... ... pp. 571-580. Habermas, J., 1991. Treffen Hegels Einwände gegen Kant auch auf die Diskursethik zu? In: J. Habermas. Erläuterungen ... ... Kant, I., 2002. Critique of Practical Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar. Cambridge and Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.... ... Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 593-607. Schelling, F. W. J., 2001. System of Transcendental Idealism. Translated by P. Heath, Introduction ...

Postulates play an important role in Kant’s philosophy. Kant’s understanding of this term differs from the previous tradition. For Kant, postulates are originally subjective propositions necessarily supposed as objective ones. Otherwise, the systematic theoretical cognition and compliance with ...

The article introduces Kant’s doctrine of schematism (Critique of Pure Reason A 137-A 147; B 176-B 187). The inclusion ... ... important role in the theory of schematism) is explained with reference to Tetens’s Philosophical Essays on Human Nature (1777). The explanations of concepts provided in... ... frommann-holzboog, 11. Riehl, A. 1924, Der philosophiche Kritzismus. Geschichte und System. 3rd edition, Leipzig. 12. Tetens, J. N. 1777, Philosophische Versuche über...

The article deals with the phenomenon of idealism in 18th century European science. The author focuses on the methods and images of constructing a philosophical model that Kant borrowed from his predecessors. The status of existence of the external world in the space of Berkeley’s philosophy and its influence on Kant’s system are analysed as one of the key issues of idealism. The author seeks to familiarize the reader with the contentious issues relating to the problem of identity of Berkeley’s and Kant’s systems and corresponding critique. 1. Калинников ...

... differs significantly from the seemingly similar speculative thinking in J. G. Fichte’s Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre) (1794/95). The fundamental characteristics... ... Cohen’s critical position. Aquila, R. E., 1989. Matter in Mind: A Study of Kant’s Transcendental Deduction. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press... ... Klostermann. Marx, W., 1987. Die philosophische Entwicklung Paul Natorps im Hinblick auf das System Hermann Cohens. In: H.-L. Ollig, ed. 1989. Materialen zur Neukantianismus-Diskussion...

... is devoted to one of the main concepts of early modern natural law, i. e. the concept of obligation. Starting with Pufendorf's concept of obligation, it will be demonstrated that the natural law is grounded on the will of God. In contrast, the concept ... ... concept which was based on the idea of a free self-binding moral subject. Therefore, Wolff's Philosophy has a great impact on Kant's own moral philosophy and especially on his concept of obligation. I will conclude by showing to what extent Kant was going ...

The relationship between the individual and society is the leitmotif of Georges Gurvitch’s work. Beginning from the early Russian-language books on the philosophy of law and ending with the works on sociology published in France and the USA at the final stage of his career, Gurvitch studied the individual person and collective units as interacting ...

The article explores the intermedial connections between B. Miсiński’s essay Portrait of Kant and painting as a “spatial” art form. The essayist engages in a polemic with Lessing, the author of Laocoön, by examining ... ... philosophy of Kant. The principle of continuity plays a key role in the artistic space of the essay, bringing together distant philosophical and artistic texts. The intertextual continuum is created through dialogic connections between different eras and ...

... categorical in nature. My point of departure is John McDowell’s 1978 essay, “Are Moral Requirements Hypothetical Imperatives?... ... strategies — some broadly Aristotelian, some drawing inspiration from Kant’s formula of humanity — in ways that can strengthen and ... ....1093/acprof:oso/9780199604678.003.0010 Foot, P., 1978. Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives. In: P. Foot, 1978. Virtues ... ... Search of the Moral “Must”: Mrs Foot’s Fugitive Thought. Philosophical Quarterly, 27(107), pp. 140-157. Rödl, S., 2007....

... same act can belong to natural determination in one aspect and free determination in another.It is stressed that the review’s methodology is presented in the analysis of the third antinomy of pure reason in “Chapter II: The antinomy of pure reason” of “Book II: Of the dialectical conclusions of pure reason” and that Kant based his solution to the antinomy on the whole system as a comprehensive philosophical theory 1. Калинников Л. А. Проблемы философии истории в системе Канта....

... detecting the grounds of the aesthetization process in modern culture in the structure of the Kantian philosophy. The connection of Kant's aesthetics with science and morality is traced, and also Kant’s influence on the romantic philosophy of art is revealed. The ... ... 1996. 9. Сафрански Р. Гофман / пер. с нем. В. Д. Балакина. М., 2005. 10. Nancy J.-L. Kant’s System of Pleasure // Pli. 1999. Vol. 8. P. 149—163. 11. Welsch W. Undoing Aesthetics. L., 1997.

My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history ... ... relationships not in isolation, but as an important component of his entire philosophical system. Deduction of the concept of personality in Ethics of Pure Will is based on Cohen’s logic of the origin expounded in the first part of his system in The Logic of Pure... ... Ferdinand Ebners und Martin Bubers. Freiburg, Basel & Wien: Herder. Cohen, H., 1871. Kants Theorie der Erfahrung. Berlin: Dümmler. Cohen, H., 1902. Logik der reinen Erkenntnis...

This article proves that the philosophical system of Kant is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity owes its development and existence to the ...

This article presents a comparative analysis of the “critical programmes” of Joachim Jungius and I. Kant. J. Jungius’s “criticism” is characterised as methodological, whereas that of Kant as reflective. Kant’s “transcendental criticism” ... ... should be the instrument of critique. Traditional logic is a reflective science and thus cannot serve as the basis for the whole system of knowledge. It itself requires reconstruction. On the contrary, I. Kant believes that traditional logic is a complete ...

Kalinnikov, L. A., 2021. Filosofskaya sistema Kanta. Zamysel i itogi [Kant’s Philosophical System. Conception and Results]. Kaliningrad: IKBFU Press. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 2008. Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens. Translated by I. Johnston. Arlington: Richer Resources Publications. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited ...

... as well as all existence. When discussing this phenomenon, the author uses the methodology that was symbolically described by Kant as the Copernican turn. Wilhelm von Humboldt was one of the first to apply and develop Kant’s method in the theory and philosophy of language. He assumed that language had a priori roots and that it was energeia rather ... ... communication) was further developed in the 20th century within the concept of language symbolism, namely, Ernst Cassirer’s system of symbolic forms. It suggests that communicative structures are independent from real facts, since they participate in ...

... Т. 4. Ч. 1. С. 67—210. 9. Foessel M. Analytik des Erhabenen // Kritik der Urteilskraft / Hrsg. O. Höffe. Berlin,2008. S. 99—119. 10. Gerhardt V. Immanuel Kant: Vernunft und Leben. Stuttgart, 2002. 11. Gerhardt V. Individualität: Das Element der Welt. München, 2000. 12. Gerhardt ... ... Selbstbestimmung: Das Prinzip der Individualität. Stuttgart, 1999. 14. König P. Die Selbsterkenntnis der Vernunft und das wahre System der Philosophie bei Kant // Architektonik und System in der Philosophie Kants / Hrsg. H. f. Fulda und J. Stolzenberg. Hamburg,...

... the political elite of the Republic of Lithuania in the post-Soviet period through analyzing the role of the so-called “moral politicians” — intellectuals, artists, and cultural figures, who played a decisive role in the period of the communist system disintegration and further development of the country's policy. The role of the political elite, which is understood according to R. Putnam and J. Higley's definition, is considered in the conditions of political instability and uncertainty typical of transformation processes. In this context, the role of ...

De Boer, K., 2020. Kant’s Reform of Metaphysics: The Critique of Pure Reason Reconsidered. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gloy, K., 1998. Bewusstseinstheorien: ... ... Wolfgang Cramer. Edited by D. Henrich and H. Wagner. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, pp. 188-232. Lewin, M., 2021. Das System der Ideen: Zur perspektivistischen Begründung der Vernunft im Anschluss an Kant und Fichte. Freiburg & München: Alber....

This article proves that Kant's philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason ...

The subject of this article is discussed with the help of an excursus into the history of morals and the perception of Kant's teaching on morals, as well as through a polemic with some of its interpretations. Kant's examples of the application of his theory of morality prove its practicality and stability. 1. Бенвенист Э. Словарь индоевропейских ...

The main purpose of this article is to answer the question of the role of Kantian political philosophy for the theory of international relations. The answer is giving through the examination of the main trends in the interpretation of Kant's place in one of the major paradigms of the theory of international relations: realism, idealism, liberalism, and institutionalism. Author shows that Kant’s inclusion in a particular paradigm of international relations cannot be directly done. Otherwise,...

... that there exists a crucial difference between human action and its (partial) AI-simulation. While Nida-Rümelin/Weidenfeld´s “digital humanism” is, on the one hand, inspired by Kant’s conception of human autonomous self-determination, the concept of “structural rationality” that they advocate is,... ... Klingel, A., Kraft, T. and Zweig, A., 2020. Potential Best Practice Approaches in the Use of an Algorithmic Decision-Making Systems with the Example of the AMS [Austrian Arbeitsmarktservice] Algorithm. In: M. Hengstschläger, ed. 2020. Digital Transformation ...

At the beginning of the twentieth century in the Russian-speaking philosophical space philosophical projects emerged which brought ontology and gnoseology ... ... an Organic Whole by N. O. Lossky and The Object of Knowledge and The Unknowable by S. L. Frank. My investigation makes it possible to treat Lossky’s categorial framework as the representation of a system of levels of the universe each of which is characterised by two aspects: the... ... Thought and the Reality]. Moscow: Put’. (In Rus.) Berdnikova, A. Yu., 2017. ‘Back To Kant’ or ‘Back To Leibnitz’? A Critical View from the History of Russian Metaphysical...

The widespread assessment of the early period of Semyon L. Frank’s work as being influenced by German Neo-Kantianism is in need of a critical scrutiny. There are several reasons why the Russian philosopher’s interest in Neo-Kantianism merits a closer look. First, two systemic theories belonging to different trends exerted a decisive influence on Russian philosophy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: German Neo-Kantianism and Vladimir Solovyov’s school of all-unity. Second, Frank himself and the ...

... Georg Sulzer. The argument does not focus on the ‘completion’ of the rationalist system of 18th-century philosophy, but rather on the subversive quality of the introduction... ... Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte. Bd. 62, H. 2, S. 197—220. Adler, H. 1990, Die Prägnanz des Dunklen. Gnoseologie — Ästhetik —... ... Jahrhundert. Bd. 13). Adler, H. 2010, Metaschema und Aisthesis. Herders Gegenentwurf zu Kant, in: Simon, R., Gaier, U. (hg.), Zwischen Bild und Begriff. Kant und Herder zum...

... 39—45 (in Russ.). Likhachev, D. S., 1987. Literature — reality — literature. In: D. S. Likhachev, ed. Izbrannye raboty: v trekh tomakh [Selected works: in 3 vol.], Vol... ... Russ.). Mekhed, G. N., 2016. The experience of a comparative study of the ethics of I. Kant and F. M. Dostoevsky. Filosofskaya mysl' [The Philosophical thought], 11, pp. 130—143 (in Russ.). Myakinchenko, M. A., 2021. Moskva... ... in the Literary Memory of F. M. Dostoevsky: genesis, place and role in the Artistic system]. PhD dissertation. Mos­cow (in Russ.). Natova, N. A., 1971. F. M. Dostoevsky...

In the Cartesian tradition of discussing the structure of the micro-judgement “I think” Kant‘s treatment deserves extraordinary attention. Under the idiomatic heading of self-affection he delivers a micro-analysis of this ... ... Herausgegeben von I. Görland. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann. Hintikka, J., 1962. Cogito, Ergo Sum: Inference or Performance? Philosophical Review, 71, pp. 3-32. Kemmerling, A., 1987. Eine reflexive Deutung des Cogito. In: K. Cramer, H.-F. Fulda, R.-P....

This article analyses the system of inferences used by Kant in Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason to demonstrate the existence of evil disposition (Gesinnung). The author ... ... justification of maxims, whereas the second leads to the theory of moral self-constitution, which was not completed within Kant’s practical philosophy. Together, they create a voluntaristic image of Kant, which undermines the philosopher’s earlier comparison of freedom with morality (the so called “reciprocity thesis”) — a fact often ignored ...

This article considers the key aspects of P. Natorp’s aesthetics in the system of his philosophy and identifies the legitimate position of aesthetics in the structure of philosophical disciplines: logic, ethics, and philosophy of religion. The author analyses the understanding of aesthetics and ... ... significance to the field of the individual, inimitable, and singular manifestation of thecreative spirit. He sees the completion of Kant’s critical philosophy in the psychological bases of subjectivity of consciousness aimed at understanding the patterns of ...

... sphere of the public education and upbringing in Russia addressed themselves to the philosophical-pedagogical ideas of German philosopher of Neo- Kantian movement Paul Natorp. These ideas were formulated mainly in his fundamental work “Social Pedagogy”. Vladimir Dinze relies on Natorp’s thesis of the national school as the way of accustoming “the all people to the national culture”, actualizes the heritage ... ... filosofiya. Kurs lektsii [Social philosophy. Lectures], Moscow, p. 236—266. 38. Sokolov, P. A. 1913, Istoriya pedagogicheskikh system [The history of pedagogical systems], St. Petersburg. 39. Stolzenberg, J. 1995, Ursprung und System. Probleme der Begründung ...

... transition between them), despite the evident opposition, constitutes the object of the central problem of philosophy in Kant's system. Kant is an innovator in both posing and answering the question. This answer is agnostic but not in the empirical or scientific sense, but rather in the solely philosophical meaning of these notions. The answer to his question — regarding both the world and the human being — is infinite ...

This article analyses the interrelation between general will and democracy in the philosophical systems of J.-J. Rousseau and I. Kant, their influence on the concept of general will, and its connection with democracy in the philosophy of S. Gessen. The author compares the classical system of division of powers, supported by J.-J.Rousseau and I. Kant, and the new system proposed by S. Gessen. 1.      Гессен С.   И. Идея нации // Избр. соч. М., 1998. 2. ...

This article focuses on Deleuze’s attempt to describe so-called thinking of differences, which severs any connection ... ... “vitality”.Another approach to analysing the fundamentals of thinking can be found in Kant’s article “What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking?” where he speaks... ... Leitung von Helmut Holzhey. Hildesheim ; Zürich ; N. Y., 2001. Bd. 2. 6. Cohen H. System der Philosophie. 2. Teil: Ethik des reinen Willens // Werke, zit. Hil¬desheim...

The author tries to prove the thesis that Cohen's reception of Spinoza's thought is character-ized by a sequence of what we can find in the whole philosophical system of Marburg Neo-Kantian. Fluctuations in Cohen's interpretation of Spinoza's theoretical constructs correspond to a progres-sive ... ... through the metaphysics of identity of the divine substance. 1. Kogen G. 2012, Teorija opita Kanta [Theory of experience of Kant], Per. s nem. V. N. Be¬lova, Moscow. 2. Kogen G. 2008, Obosnovanie etiki Kantom [Kantian justification of ethics] / ...

The paper discusses Paul Natorp’s social pedagogy theory from the point of its relevance to the modern educational discussions.... ... factors. The first one is Natorp’s dependency on legacy of Plato, J. Pestalozzi and I. Kant, while second deals with his critic of fundamental grounds of dominant contemporary pedagogical system. The major Natorp’s objection was directed against positioning psychology at... ..., Filosofskie osnovaniya obrazovatel’nyh idej i teorij na rubezhe XIX—XX vekov [Philosophical foundations of ideas and theories of education at the turn of the 19th-20th...

... philosophy of culture, and the theories of Wilhelm Dilthey and Georg Misch modify the theory of knowledge into hermeneutics of life. 1. Cassirer E. Zur Logik des Symbolbegriffs (1938) // Cassirer E. Wesen und Wirkung des Symbolbegriffs. Darmstadt, 1976. S. 201—230. 2. Cassirer E. Das Symbolproblem und seine Stellung im System der Philosophie (1927) // Cassirer E. Symbol, Technik, Sprache: Aufsätze aus den Jahren 1927—1933.Hamburg, 1985. S. 1—39. 3. Cassirer E. Zur Theorie des Begriffs (1928) // Cassirer E. Erkenntnis, Begriff, Kultur.Hamburg, 1993. S. 155—165....

... processes in society. Event-narrative links form the basis of the system of norms and values of society. The corpus of ‘event-narrative’ ... ... Works]. Moscow (in Russ.). Bridgman, P. W., 1934. A Physicist’s Second Reaction to Mengenlehre. Scripta Mathematica, 2, pp. 101—117; ... ... razmyshleniya [Cartesian reflections]. St. Pe­tersvurg (in Russ.). Kant, I., 2002. Spor fakul'tetov [Faculty dispute]. Translated ... ... in symbolic politics and information wars. Filosofskie nauki [Philosophical Sciences], (5), pp. 24—33 (in Russ.). Tul'chinskii,...

Fichte’s doctrine played a significant role in the emergence of Neo-Kantian philosophical projects both in Germany and in Russia. This paper proceeds from the works ... ... bring Fichte’s doctrine closer to Russian philosophy, to represent his philosophical system in its entirety without dividing it into autonomous periods, drawing attention... ...., 2010. Right and Moral. Paul Natorp and Boris Vysheslavtsev’s Interpretation of Kant and Fichte. In: I. N. Griftsova and N. A. Dmitrieva, eds. 2010. Neokantianstvo...

... show that the ethics of the Stoical and Kantian type retains, according to Fichte’s diagnosis, a refined interest in preserving and indulging the sensual self and hence... ... primo Fichte e il suo contesto. Milano: Guerini, pp. 183-207. Fichte, J. G., 2005. The System of Ethics According to the Principles of the Wissenschaftslehre. Translated and... ... all’Io. Acta philosophica. Rivista internazionale di filosofia, 16 (2), pp. 361-365. Kant, I., 2011. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. A German-English edition....

This article revisits the ratio-centric system developed by the prominent exponent of the German enlightenment ... ... ontological challenge to the entire scientific paradigm of today’s natural science standard. It is stressed that, in the context ... ... foundation deficiency. The authors reconsider the historical and philosophical significance of Gottsched’s Enlightenment classicism ... ... paid to the ideational proximity between Gottsched’s ideas and Kant’s regulative principles of practical reason. The authors ...

The early decades of the last century saw European philosophical thought becoming increasingly interested in the sociological extension ... ... Paris, 1935. Novy Grad, 10, pp. 139-142. (In Rus.) Dmitrieva, N. A., 2016. Back to Kant, or Forward to Enlightenment: The Particularities and Issues of Russian Neo-Kantianism... .... Division of Labour in Society. 2nd Edition. Edited and with a new introduction by S. Lukes. Translation by W. D. Halls. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Ehrlich...

1. Belov, V. N., 2013. A. I. Vvedneksy, the Forefather of Russian Neo-Kantianism. In: V. N. Bryushinkin, V. S. Popova, eds. 2013. Neo-Kantianstvo v Rossii: Aleksandr Ivanovich Vvedensky, Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin [Neo-Kantianism in Russia: ... ... Russ.) 2. Belov, V. N., Czardybon, B., 2016. Studies into the History of Russian Neo-Kantianism in Poland. Kantovsky sbornik [Kant­ian Journal], 1, pp. 66-86. (In Russ.) 3. Czardybon, B., 2015. The Philosophy of Vasily Sesemann and Marburg Neo-Kantianism....