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... students’ skills using integrated interactive technologies and other materials is becoming mainstream in the innovative development of control and self-monitoring tools. It is necessary to assess not only the development of cognitive skills such as thinking, working memory, and induction, but also cognitive and behavioral patterns in students, such as the ability to work with information and computer technologies. The study concludes that computer-based case methods currently used for evaluating ...

... proceedings of the scientific conference “Vipper Readings — 1987”]. Moscow, pp. 6—18 (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 1999. Three text functions. In: Yu. M. Lotman, ed. Vnutri mys­lyashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — istoriya [Inside thinking worlds. Man — text — semiosphere — history]. Moscow, pp. 11—22 (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 2000. Semiosfera. Kul’tura i vzryv. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Stat’i. Issledovaniya. Zametki [The semiosphere. Culture and explosion....

... kul’tury [Selected articles: in 3 vols. Vol. 1: Articles on semiotics and typology of culture]. Tallinn: Alexandra, pp. 25—33 (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 1996. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — istoriya [Inside thinking worlds. Man — text — semiosphere — history]. Moscow (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 2000. Semiosfera [Semiosphere]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 2022. Lecture at Tartu State University, March 13, 1981. Slovo.ru: Baltic ...

... Sapiens. Kratkaya istoriya chelovechestva [Sapiens. A Brief His­tory of Humankind]. Moscow (in Russ.). Heidegger, M., 2015. Bytie i vremya [Being and time]. Moscow (in Russ.). Henrich, D., 2018. Myshlenie i samobytie. Chteniya o sub"ektivnosti [Thinking and being. Readings about subjectivity]. Moscow (in Russ.). Ivanov, Vyach. Vs., 1978. Chet i nechet: asimmetriya mozga i znakovykh sistem [Even and Odd: Asymmetry of the Brain and Sign Systems]. Moscow (in Russ.). Kripke, S., 1972. Naming and ...

... Obra­zovanie [Human. Culture. Education], 4 (38), pp. 124—139 (in Russ.). Linch, K., 1982. Obraz goroda [Image of the city]. Moscow, 328 p. (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 1996. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — isto­riya [Inside thinking worlds. Man — text — semiosphere — history]. Moscow, 464 p. (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 2000. Semiosfera [The semiosphere]. St. Petersburg, 453 p. (in Russ.). Nesterov, A. V. and Trunev, S. I., 2008. Interpretatsiya kul'turnykh kodov [Interpre­ta­tion ...

... [Selected Works. Poetics, Semiotics]. Moscow, 824 р. (in Russ.). Losev, A. F., 2001. Dialektika mifa [Dialectic of myth]. Moscow, 559 р. (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 1996. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — istoriya [Inside thinking worlds. Man — text — semiosphere — history]. Moscow, 448 р. (in Russ.). Maslova, V. A., 2020. “Unknown Power”: Unreality and Madness in Russian Poet­ry. Aktual'nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki [Current Issues in ...

... Cronin, M., 2013. Translation in the Digital Age . London: Routledge. Cronin, M., 2016. Eco-translation : Translation and Ecology in the Age of the Anthropo­cene . Abingdon: Routledge. Desblache, L., 2020. Translation, Natural history and Music: Thinking Communi­cation beyond the Verbal. In: K. Taivalkoski-Shilov, ed. Translating the Voices of Na­ture . Vita Traductiva. Toronto: Editions Québécoise, pp. 207—229. Descola, P., 2005. Par-delà nature et culture . Paris: Gallimard. Eco,...

In 1836, Peter Chaadaev in his private letter to Alexander Turgenev mentioned that the French thinker Alexis de Tocqueville had stolen from him a “deep thought” that the point of departure of peoples determined their fate. Russian and foreign scholars interpreted these words differently, trying to assess the seriousness of Chaadaev’s reproach. The article explores the history of the expression ‘le point de départ’ and the use of it in the works by Tocqueville (“Democracy in America”) and Chaadaev...

In his novels, Dostoevsky refers to the Pushkin text to describe characters. For Dostoev­sky, Pushkin is an ethical and aesthetic touchstone; the writer’s voice is consonant with that of the poet’s persona. In some cases, the Pushkin text is embedded in religious discourse (the parable of the prodigal son). In interpreting the Pushkin text, Dostoevsky’s characters present and disclose themselves. The ‘dreamer’ from ‘White Nights’ invokes the Pushkin text to con­vey the values of his own. In her peculiar...

... the evolution of the concept “people” in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Benedict Spinoza. The political thought of Europe in the 17th century demonstrates a conscious turn from the medieval scholastic tradition of thinking about people and power. Politics begins to be thought of as a complex of human ac­tions aimed at achieving certain human goals. This, in turn, leads to the rationalisation of politics and, as a consequence, to the rejection of one of the most ...

... Russ.). Kubryakova, Ye. S., 1995. The evolution of linguistic ideas in the second half of the XX century. In: Yu. S. Stepanov, ed. Yazyk i kultura konca XX veka [Language and cul­ture of the end of the XX century]. Moscow (in Russ.). Lakoff, G., 1988. Thinking in the mirror of classifiers. Novoe v zarubezhnoj ling­vistike [New in foreign linguistics], 23, pp. 12—52 (in Russ.). Losev, A. F., 1982. Znak. Simvol. Mif [Sign. Symbol. Myth]. Moscow (in Russ.). Maslova, V. A., 2008. Kognitivnaya lingvistika ...

....cat/apym/on-line/ translation/2018_trust_hubris.pdf [accessed 14 May 2019]. Recanati, F., 1989. The Pragmatics of What is Said. Mind and Language, 4, pp. 295—329. Anon, 2004. Literal Meaning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Saka, P., 2007. How to Think About Meaning. Dordrecht: Springer. Traxler, M., 2011. Introduction to Psycholinguistics: understanding language science. Boston: Wiley-Blackwell. Tuggy, D., 1993. Ambiguity, Polysemy and Vagueness. Cognitive Linguistics, 4, pp. 273—290. Zabotkina,...

... interface with language teach­ing. In: C. Dollerup and A. Loddegaard, eds. The Teaching of Translation. Amster­dam/Phi­ladelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 279—288. Pym, A., 1993. Epistemological problems in translation and its teaching: A seminar for thinking students. Caminade. Pym, A., 2003. Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age. Meta, 48 (4), pp. 481—497. Pym, A., 2005. Training translators — ten recurrent naiveties. Translating To­day, 2 (1), pp. 3—6. Pym, A., 2012. Training ...

In this article, I consider the philosophy of the Book in the context of reflections on her­meneutics in the works of the 18th-century Königsbergian thinker Johann Georg Hamann. Hamann’s bibliocentric hermeneutics treats the ‘philosophy of the Book’ as the question as to whether the experience of truth as such is possible. In the light of his hermeneutics, the fate of ontology is a function of the quality of reading since its dialogical nature directly determines a person’s special hermeneutic responsibility...

... Tradition and Practice in Russian Culture: Papers from an Interna­tional Conference on the Occasion of the Seventieth Birthday of Yu. M. Lotman. Amster­dam: Rodopi. pp. 1—15 (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 1996. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov [Inside the thinking worlds]. Moscow: Languages of Russian Culture (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., Pyatigorskii, A. M., 1968. Text and function. In: III Letnyaya shko­la po vtorichnym modeliruyushchim sistemam [III Summer School on Secondary Model­ing Systems]. Kääriku,...

... person → animal, etc. Most frequent is the reciprocal transformation of men and cats. The transformation motif binds objects in the manner of a metaphor. Dymarskii, M. Ya., 2012. Between genre and creativity, or Toward the formation of a pie-like thinking of a linguistic personality. In: Zhanry rechi: Sbornik nauchnykh statei. Pamyati K. F. Sedova [Speech Genres: Collection of scientific articles. In memory of K. F. Sedov]. Vol. 8. Saratov, Moscow. pp. 385—390 (in Russ.). Kvyatkovskii, A. P....

... semiosis requires at least two languages between which instances of untranslatability occur. However, he did not extend this model to animal communication. This is the apparent paradox of Lotman’s later work. Lotman might not have had enough time to think these problems through, although these issues had been addressed earlier by other authors. The problem of the relationship between cyclicality and openness, the old and the new, repetitions and novelty, the algoritmicity and non-algoritmicity as ...

... Izbrannye proizvedeniya [Weber Max. Selected Works]. Moscow, pp. 602—643 (in Russ.). Vygotsky, L. S., 1983. Problemy razvitiya psikhiki [Problems of the development of the psyche]. Vol. 3. Moscow (in Russ.). Vygotsky, L. S., 1999. Myshlenie i rech' [Thinking and speaking]. Vol. 5. Moscow (in Russ.). Elmslev, L., 1960. Prolegomena to the theory of language. In: V. A. Zvegintsev, ed. Novoe v lingvistike [New in linguistics]. Vol. 1. Moscow, pp. 264—389 (in Russ.). Zolyan, S. T., Chernov, I. A., 1977....

Translation Studies has branched out into a heterogeneous interdiscipline during the past few decades. This development is not only the result of the emergence of different kinds of translation practices, research questions and new technologies, but also of different epistemo­logical and ontological assumptions about the object of study. Four major areas are outlined: linguistic, cultural, cognitive and sociological. Connections between them are briefly dis­cussed, but the main tendency has been...

News translation has been investigated more systematically since the mid-2000s. Since then, it has kept pushing the boundaries of translation studies by asking such questions as the following: Can we study multilingual practices that do not necessarily have an identified source text? If so, what do we analyze and compare? Can we call these practices ‘translation’? How do we integrate multimodality into our traditionally textual analyses? This article formulates tentative answers based onrecent publications...

... investigations of philosophical texts for an in-depth interpretation of their philosophical content. 1. Serebrennikov, B. A., 1988. Rol' chelovecheskogo faktora v yazyke. Yazyk i myshlenie [The role of the human factor in the language. Language and Thinking]. Moscow. 2. Novodranova, V. F., 2009. Category of linguistic personality in language for special purposes. In: I. Yu. Ieronova et al., eds. Pelevinskie chteniya —2009 [Pelevin Readings — 2009]. Kaliningrad. pp. 71—77. 3. Kalinnikov, L....

... article studies hyphenated complexes in Russian, French, and German philosophical discourses. The author identifies key word-formation models that use the hyphen. In philosophical discourse, the hyphen serves as a linguistic tool to convey dialectic thinking that expresses the conceptualization of the limited/the unlimited, under-certainty or emerging certainty, and motion and stillness. In philosophical texts, hyphenated complexes facilitate the tendency towards a perfect dialectic form in language ...

... events, including those in interactive mode. Aristotle, 2006. Мetafizika [Metaphysics]. Moskva, Institut filosofii, teologii i istorii sv. Fomy (in Russ.). Badiou, A., 2005. Metapolitika: mozhno li myslit' politiku? [Metapolitics: Is it possible to think politics?]. Moscow, Logos (in Russ.). Gerasimov, S.V., 2015. Closing the circle of manipulation. Filosofskie Nauki [Philosophical Sciences], 5, pp. 34-41 (in Russ.). Zolyan, S.T., 2017а. “One and the same" historical event. Semantics and ...

Using art history interpretation methods and the methods of historical cultural studies, the author demonstrates the role of rhythm and metaphor as the most expressive artistic means of icon painting. The interaction of rhythm and metaphor is an integral part of the imagery and semantics of icon painting. It is stressed that the entire theological and aesthetic image of icons, which is based on rhythm and metaphor, expresses the cosmogonic ideas of the Church Fathers. However, the practical realisation...

This article analyses Bruno Schulz’s autobiographical novel Cinnamon Shops in the aspect of mythological thinking. It is stressed that the concept of ‘childhood’ is the foundation of his mythopoeia largely shaped by the author’s memories of his father and other members of the household. 1. Денисенко В. Тема отца в Коричных ...

... according to Fromm. The central element is understanding the image of a dream as a symbol common to both the realm of dreams and culture in general. The key mechanism of symbol formation is cultural- associative, which is a function of human rational thinking. It is suggested that images of dreams should be interpreted from this perspective. 1. Купер Дж. Энциклопедия символов. М., 1995. 2. Д. Тресиддер. Словарь символов. М., 1999. 3. Фромм ...

The author investigates the essence of the idea of resurrection formulated in N. F. Fedorov’s philosophy of the common cause. The author shows a unique character of the thinker's theory. N. F. Fedorov's ideas echo with those of immortalism, a modern philosophical direction. 1. Бердяев Н. А. Религия воскрешения («Философия общего дела» Н. Ф. Фёдорова) / Грезы о Земле и небе. СПб., 1995. 2. Варава В. В. Философия Общего Дела и философия Отчего края // На пороге грядущего. М., 2004. 3. Вишев И. В...

1. Ильин И. А. Пророческое призвание Пушкина // Ильин И. А. Собр. соч. :в 10 т. М., 1996. Т. 6. 2. Никитина Е. П. История одной «Тетради» (о судьбе рукописей С. Л. Франка) // С. Л. Франк. Саратовский текст. Саратов, 2006. 3. Федотов Г. Певец империи и свободы // Пушкин в русской философской критике. М., 1990. 4. Франк С. Л. Дневник // С. Л. Франк. Саратовский текст. Саратов, 2006. 5. Франк С. Л. Пушкин как политический мыслитель // Пушкин в русской философской критике. М., 1990.

1. Франк С. Л. Пушкин как политический мыслитель // Этюды о Пушкине. СПб., 1998. 2. Франк С. Л. Пушкин об отношениях между Россией и Европой // Этюды о Пушкине. СПб., 1998. 3. Франк С. Л. Светлая печаль // Этюды о Пушкине. СПб., 1998. 4. Свасьян К. А. Предотвратимая катастрофа // Растождествления. М., 2006. 5. Штейнер Р. Основные черты социального вопроса в жизненных необходимостях настоящего и будущего. Ереван, 1992.

1. Франк С. Пушкин как политический мыслитель. C предисловием и дополнениями П. Б. Струве. Белград, 1937. 2. Франк С. Л. Этюды о Пушкине. Мюнхен, 1957. 3. Франк С. Л. Этюды о Пушкине. Лондон, 1978. 4. Франк С. Л. Этюды о Пушкине. Париж, 1987. 5. Франк С. Л. Русское мировоззрение / сост. и отв. ред. А. А. Ермичев.СПб., 1996. 6. Франк С. Л. По ту сторону правого и левого : сб. ст. / под ред. В. С. Франка. Париж, 1972 (Впервые: Числа. Париж, 1931. Кн. 4.). 7. Frank S. Bibliographie des oeuvres...

The house which Immanuel Kant bought in Königsberg in 1783 has not survived, having been pulled down in the late nineteenth century. Likewise, hardly any of the great philosopher’s personal belongings have survived. Many pieces of furniture and household utensils were auctioned off after his death. So the Kant museum had few original exhibits from the Königsberg thinker’s house, and almost all these artefacts were lost during the Second World War. Today, digital technologies make it possible to present...

... of the American Conversation. New York: Viking Penguin. Mersch, D., 2019. Ideen zu einer Kritik ‘algorithmischer’ Rationalität. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 67(5), pp. 851-873. Mitchell, M., 2019. Artificial Intelligence. A Guide for Thinking Humans. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Nagl, L., 1983. Gesellschaft und Autonomie. Historisch-systematische Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Sozialtheorie von Hegel bis Habermas. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften....

... Neukantianismus. Hildesheim: Olms, pp. 226-269. Noras, A., 2020. Geschichte des Neukantianismus. Bern: Peter Lang. Rickert, H., 1899. Fichtes Atheismusstreit und die kantische Philosophie. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard. Semyonov, V. Ye., 2022. Constructive Thinking in the Critical Philosophy of Hermann Cohen. Kantian Journal, 41(3), pp. 76-101. (In Rus.) Stolzenberg, J., 2002. Fichte im Neukantianismus. Probleme der Fichte-Rezeption bei Wilhelm Windelband, Heinrich Rickert, Hermann Cohen und Paul Natorp....

The origins in Marxist-Leninist philosophy of the dogma about Kant as the German theorist of the French Revolution requires some analysis and I explain how a phrase of Marx later gave rise to the dogma. I first look at the sources that influenced K. Marx’s view of Kant and the French Revolution, above all С. F. Bachmann and H. Heine. I then examine the form in which Kant’s philosophy was compared with the French Revolution in the non-Bolshevik milieu before the 1917 Russian Revolution (P. Ya. Chaadayev...

... Resources in the Time of Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, pp. 2049-2055. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb2005114 Foot, P. 1967. The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect. Oxford Review, 5, pp. 5-15. Goldberg, N., 2021. You Think Vaccine Mandates Are Controversial? What If the Police Pinned You Down and Injected You? Los Angeles Times, 29 Sep., [online]. Available at: < ">https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-09-29/forced-vaccinations-china-ethics-covid> ...

....12654 Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R.B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429. Lapshin, I.I., 1900. About Cowardice in Thinking. A Study on the Psychology of Metaphysical Thinking. Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii, 5(55), pp. 817-881. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1906. Zakony myshlenia i formy poznania [Laws of Thinking and Forms of Cognition]. St. Petersburg: Typografia ...

The interpretation of Kant’s philosophy by thinkers in pre-Soviet Belarus has been the subject of not a few publications. They described the reception of his seminal ideas, the analysis, polemic and occasionally sharp criticism of these ideas. It is helpful now to look at Kantian studies beginning from the 1920s to the present time. I will show that immediately after the October 1917 revolution and until the 1930s interest in Kant’s teaching was waning. When they turned to his ideas during that period...

... Theory. Journal of Philosophy, 77, pp. 515-582. Scanlon, T. M., 1998. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Scanlon, T. M., 2014. Being Realistic about Reasons. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sticker, M., 2021. Kant on Thinking for Oneself and with Others the Ethical A Priori, Openness and Diversity. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 55(6), pp. 949-965. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467- 9752.12615 Strawson, P. F., 1966. The Bounds of Sense. London: Methuen. Sturm, T....

... and the Fact of Reason. In: B. Lipscomb and J. Krueger, eds. 2010. Kant’s Moral Metaphysics: God, Freedom, and Immortality. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 211-230. Khurana, Th., 2019. ‘I Do not Cognize Myself through Being Conscious of Myself as Thinking’: Self-Knowledge and the Irreducibility of Self-Objectification in Kant. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 49 (7), pp. 956-979. Longuenesse, B., 2017. I, Me, Mine. Back to Kant, and Back Again. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moran, R., 2001....

It is necessary to reconsider P. M. S. Hacker’s assessment of Kant and Wittgenstein’s philosophical affinities and the question concerning Wittgenstein’s alleged use of “transcendental arguments”. First, Alfred Norman’s reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a thought experiment receives revision to develop a view of the Critique of Pure Reason as a large-scale thought experiment that shares important logical features with the Tractatus. Then the question is addressed whether the middle...

... Benatar, D., 2006. Better Never to Have Been: The Harm of Coming into Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Benatar, D. and Wasserman, D., 2015. Debating Procreation: Is It Wrong to Reproduce? Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bojanowski, J., 2018. Thinking About Cases. The European Journal of Philosophy, 26(4), pp. 1253-1268. Carson, R., 1962. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Chalmers, D., 2020. The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 17(9-10), pp. 7-65....

... propositional thought, which can only circumscribe a singular, supersensible reality by means of predicative sentences and discursive thought. Taking Kant’s lead, but in contrast to his terminology, I call really existent singularities, including the thinking, knowing, desiring, feeling unique individuals we know as human beings, spontaneities, in order to distinguish them from descriptive characteristics attributed to them by predicative thought. Kant’s “practico-dogmatic” account of the postulates ...

..., 1991. Treffen Hegels Einwände gegen Kant auch auf die Diskursethik zu? In: J. Habermas. Erläuterungen zur Diskursethik. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 9-30. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hare, R. M., 1981. Moral Thinking. Its Levels, Method, and Point. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hegel, G. W. F., 1991. Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Translated by H. B. Nisbeth, edited by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hegel, G. W. F., 2010. The Science ...

Kant’s views on space and time as well as his doctrine of the categories of understanding attracted the attention of thinkers belonging to the Russian spiritual-academic philosophical tradition of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A prominent representative of these was Fyodor Golubinsky. He was among the first to react to Kant’s “Copernican turn”. He did not merely study the epistemological ideas of Kant but embraced them and modified them in the framework of his own philosophical teaching...

... in Schleiermacher’s Dogmatics. A Theology Reconceived for Modernity. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. Junker-Kenny, M., 2022. “The Bold Arcs of Salvation History”. Faith and Reason in Jürgen Habermas’s Reconstruction of the Roots of European Thinking. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter (in print). Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1996. Critique of Practical Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical ...

... activity of free reasonableness has resulted in a host of unreasonable consequences: we have reason to suggest that reasonableness perhaps contains its own negation. Most philosophers of the twentieth century supposed that today it is impossible to think as in former times; it is already impossible to imagine reality as the structure which alone has a basis. The modern pluralistic world cannot be interpreted in a single rationalistic way as the only possible way, which would lead to the world’s ...

The aim of this research is to explore what relations self-affection bears to the intuitions of inner sense. I propose that self-affection makes some contribution to formal intuitions and empirical consciousness by arguing that the functions of self-affection consist respectively in conceptualising and conscious-making. I begin by examining Kant’s concept of inner sense and point out that inner sense as a receptive faculty depends on self-affection. In so doing, I emphasise that self-affection includes...

... Press, pp. 133-271. Kant, I., 1996d. The Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 363-602. Kant, I., 1996e. What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking? In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology. Edited by A. W. Wood and G. di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7-18. Kant, I., 1996f. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. Translated by G. di Giovanni. In: I....

The positions of Christian Wolff and Im­manuel Kant on the possibility of proving the existence of God require some examination. Wolff’s critique of the physical-theological proof and his proposed ways of improving it are here analysed. God is central to Wolff’s philosophical system and the fundamental prerequisite of his theoretical and practical philosophy. Although Wolff insists that the natural law is inherent in human nature and can therefore be comprehended by human reason without turning to...

... ethical theology eliminates the divine nature of the archetype by stating that an entirely holy will cannot be a moral example for the infirm human will. Kant however says, merely as a critical philosopher, that there are not enough rational grounds for thinking divine nature. Rational philosophy can think the archetype of perfection only as its pure and whole moral attitude through all the maxims and acts. Philosophy would transcend its boundaries if it claimed more and expected recognition of the prototypical ...