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This article considers the development and conceptual content of university education in the diachronic and synchronic dimensions; the author analyses its role in the formation of critical thinking. The latter is interpreted in the value-instrumental rather than logical-methodological sense. 1.  Антология педагогической мысли христианского средневековья: пособие для учащихся ...

... Berlin 1988 . Tübingen, pp. 3—13. Hintikka, J. and Sandu, G., 1994. Metaphor and other kinds of nonliteral mea­ning. In: J. Hintikka, ed. Aspects of metaphor . Dordrecht, pp. 151—187. James, W., 1907. Pragmatism: A new name for some old ways of thinking: Popular lec­tu­res on philosophy by William James . New York. Kaindl, K., 1995. Die Oper als Textgestalt: Perspektiven einer interdisziplinären Über­setzungswissenschaft . Tübingen. Kant, I., 2024. Anthropology in a pragmatic sense. In: ...

The article examines the problem of representing the history and culture of Old Believers in the journalistic writings of the recognized classics of anarchist thought—M. A. Bakunin, P. A. Kropotkin and L. N. Tolstoy. It is shown that representatives of the Russian anar­chist movement re­garded Old Believers as a potential support in the struggle against the tsar­ist government. According to the views of the revolutionaries, the mentality of Old Believers shared numerous similarities with the ethics...

....2023). 4. Hoang K. N. Non-material factors in International Relations // Social Science Information Review. 2021. Vol. 15, № 4. Р. 3—11. 5. Parmar I. ’To relate knowledge and action’: The impact of the Rockefeller Foundation on Foreign Policy Thinking During America’s Rise to Globalism 1939—1945 // Minerva. 2002. Vol. 40, № 3. Р. 235—263. 6. Цветкова Н. А., Ярыгин Г. О. Публичная дипломатия США. От «мягкой силы» к диалоговой ...

Speech disorders in children are a current issue of modern times, primarily because speech is a central cognitive function, without which the development of other mental processes, including thinking, is impossible. Speech development disorders in children can lead to difficulties in various areas in the future. This underscores the relevance of studying the causes of speech disorders in children and analyzing the factors influencing their ...

... among students of pedagogical universities the professional competencies needed for an individualised educational approach. It also uncovered the potential of a professional examination in evaluating the level of these competencies. In this line of thinking, the examination will serve as a motivation for enhancing the educational curriculum and the environment at a pedagogical university. individuality, individualisation, primary education, teacher education, professional examination, functional ...

... and the laws of language development, each explored in more than a third of the analysed textbooks. In addition, the following topics are occasionally raised: applied problems of linguistics, linguistic methods, speech and communication, language and thinking, history of linguistics, linguistics among other sciences and the comparative historical method. None of the textbooks, however, provide a rationale for introducing the topics in the selected order. Questions and assignments aiding in consolidating ...

... Either/Or. Edited and translated with Introduction and notes by H. V. Hong and E. H. Hong. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Le Bon, G., 1895. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. London: T. Fisher Unwin. Lévy-Bruhl, L., 1925. How Natives Think. New York: Knopf. Litt, Th., 1926. Individuum und Gemeinschaft. Grundlegung der Kulturphilosophie. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. MacIver, R., 1917. Community: A Sociological Study. Being an Attempt to Set Out the Nature and Fundamental Laws of Social Life....

... 57-125 (In Rus.) Zenkovsky, V. V., 2001. Istoriya russkoj filosofii [The History of Russian Philosophy]. Moscow: Akademicheskij proekt, Raritet. (In Rus.) Trendelenburg, Kudryavtsev-Platonov, Kant, space, time, categories, motion, intuition, being, thinking 35-68 10.5922/0207-6918-2023-4-3

... public intellectuals. Whereas the Sophists sought personal gain and popularity, Socrates viewed the practice of philosophy as a form of self-sacrifice for the good of society; this led the Sophists to relativism and Socrates to the discovery of rational thinking. The conclusion is that openness, interpreted as accessibility of knowledge and the possibility of its development, constitutes the key component of rationality. Addey, C., 2014. The Daimonion of Socrates: Dai­mones and Divination in Neoplatonism....

My aim is to reconstruct the basic steps and the fundamental idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction of categories as well as Hegel’s interpretation and reframing of Kant’s idea. Hegel’s reading is crucial for two reasons: first, for fixing the basic form of the Kant­ian argument and secondly, for understanding its metaphilosophical relevance. For Hegel, philosophical proof has a specific nature, which distinguishes it from scientific proof and brings it closer to a juridical one. In this perspective...

... heal this by conceptual analysis of ‘analytic philosophy’ — but then Kant, for whom philosophy is inherently analytic, would be a proponent of analytic philosophy. Another option is to follow Ryle’s ideal of a label-free, coherent and honest thinking. As Lewin argues, Williamson’s views seem at least partially to agree with Kant’s conception of the difference between philosophy and history of philosophy as well as empirical analysis and the underlying empirical realism. Williamson replies ...

... 5-54. Chignell, A., 2007. Belief in Kant. Philosophical Review, 116 (3), pp. 323-360. Heimsoeth, H., 1966. Transzendentale Dialektik. Ein Kommentar zu Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Kant, I., 1989. What is Orientation in Thinking? In: I. Kant. Political Writings. Translated by H. B. Nisbet and edited by H. S. Reiss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 237-248. Kant, I., 1992. Lectures on Logic. Translated and edit­ed by J. M. Young. Cambridge: Cambridge University ...

... Kant, I., 1996c. On the Common Saying: That May Be Correct in Theory, but It Is of No Use in Practice. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 273-309. Kant, I., 1998. What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking? In: I. Kant, 1998. Kant: Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and Other Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3-14. Kant, I., 2001a. The End of All Things. In: I. Kant, 2001. Religion and Rational Theology. Cambridge: ...

... chastyakh eya iz Entsiklopedii [Articles on Moral Philosophy, and Parts of It from the Encyclopedia]. Part II. St. Petersburg: pri Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2014. Immaturity and the Objective of a True Reform in Ways of Thinking. Part II. Kantian Journal, 4(50), pp. 39-53. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2023. The Concept of Enlightenment in Russian Philosophy of the 18th Century. Khristianskoye Chteniye, 1, pp. 225-245 (In Rus.) Lichtenberg, G. C., 2000. The Waste Books....

... “destroyer” of metaphysics, but as a thinker who laid the foundations of a new metaphysical synthesis. He set himself the task of “transforming” the Kantian philosophy into a new metaphysical system proceeding from the foundational principles of critical thinking. As a result, he managed to overcome the abstract concept of the human being characteristic of Neo-Kantians to put the concrete human in the absolute horizon of being at the focus of philosophical investigations. In his metaphysics anthropology ...

... Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 78, pp. 215—241. Blumberg, K. and Lederman, Н., 2021. Revisionist Reporting. Philosophical Stu­dies, 178, pp. 755—783, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01457-4 . Bowell, T., Cowan, R. and Kemp, G., 2020. Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide. 5th ed. Routledge. Demirok, Ö., 2019. Scope Theory Revisited: Lessons from pied-piping in wh-questions. PhD thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dolgorukov, V. V., 2015. Logiko-epistemicheskii status pragmaticheskikh ...

... povsednevnogo opyta [Frames Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Everyday Experience]. Moscow (in Russ.). Heidegger, M., 2015. Bytie i vremya [Being and time]. Moscow (in Russ.). Henrich, D., 2018. Myshlenie i samobytie. Chteniya o sub"ektivnosti [Thinking and being. Readings about subjectivity]. Moscow (in Russ.). Hofstadter, D., 2022. Ya — strannaya petlya [I am a strange loop]. Moscow, 512 p. (in Russ.). Ilyin, M. V., 2020. Logonomic Systems: Reflection, Meaningfulness and Verbali­za­tion ...

... 21st Century. Amsterdam, pp. 107—119. Gile, D., 2017. Testing the effort models’ tightrope hypothesis in simultaneous in­ter­preting — A Contribution. Hermes, 23, pp. 153—172. Goldin-Meadow, S., 2003. Hearing gesture: How our hands help us think. Cambrid­ge, MA. Gullberg, M., 2006. Handling discourse: Gestures, reference tracking, and com­mu­ni­cation strategies in early L2. Language Learning, 56 (1), pp. 155—196. Gureeva, E.I, 2007. Concept and anti-concept (on the basis of sports ...

... Vorlesungen 1923—1944. Vol. 53. Frankfurt a/M. Losev, A. F., 1999. Samoe samo [Selfish selfhood]. Moscow (in Russ.). Maly, K., 2000. Translating Heidegger’s Works into English: The History and the Possibility. Heidegger Studies, 16. Being-historical Thinking and Fundamental Onto­lo­gy: Greek Tradition in and beyond Modern Physics, pp. 115—138. Moore, M. A., 2016. Heidegger’s Attentiveness to Language: A Question of Translation and «Original Contents». Annandale-on-Hudson. Ortega Arjonilla,...

... “gnostic dizziness?” I maintain that Kant’s critical turn is still an effective strategy by means of which to compensate for the sudden stresses and “gnostic impulses” provoked by the modern worldview revolution, bringing back an “orientation in thinking” which reorients the world process and individual activity. The imperative to always see and respect humanity in a particular individual warns against the “category mistake” committed by modern radicals who ascribe agency (subjectivity) ...

... Petrov, V. B. and Lebedeva, A. V., 2018. The International Conference: Hermann Cohen in the History of Russian Philosophy. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 4, pp. 499-508. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2018-22-4-499-508 . (In Rus.) Bertolino, L., 2015. Thinking of Nature and the Nature of Thinking: Cohen on Spinoza. Translation and Preface by V. N. Belov. Kantian Journal, 3(53), pp. 48-65. https://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2015-3-4 . (In Rus.) Cohen, H., 2002.The Aesthetics of Pure Feeling. V. 1....

Altashina, V. D., 2012. From a ‘Weak Heddle’ to a ‘Thinking Reed’: On the History of Translations of Pascal’s Thoughts. Review RHGA, 13(4), pp. 105-112. (In Rus.) Cassirer, E., 1981. Kant’s Life and Thought. Translated by J. Haden; introduction by S. Körner. New Haven: Yale University Press. Hegel,...

... K. L. Ketner, Introduction by K. L. Ketner and H. Putnam. Cambridge, Mass. & London: Harvard University Press. Poggiolesi, F., 2016. On Defining the Notion of Complete and Immediate Formal Grounding. Synthese, 193(10), pp. 3147-3167. Read, S., 1994. Thinking About Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic. New York: Oxford University Press. Rumberg, A., 2013. Bolzano’s Concept of Grounding against the Background of Normal Proofs. The Review of Symbolic Logic, 6(3), pp. 424-459. Tarski, ...

... work to date have been negative or vague. Here, the text is to be made fruitful for the development of Kant’s thought by shedding light on its historical contexts. On this basis, the little treatise appears as an important link for Kant’s early thinking. It shows how he makes ancient tradition fruitful again for the Enlightenment as a substitute for rapturous and irrational mysticism as we know it from Jacob Böhme, for example. Ackeren, M. van, 2011. Die Philosophie Marc Aurels. Band 1: ...

The article examines the interpretation of the teaching of Wilhelm von Humboldt on language by Gustav Shpet together with Shpet’s perception of the influence of Kant’s philosophy on Humboldt. Special emphasis is laid on terminological analysis, the underlying thesis of this analysis being that words, terms and concepts are not the same thing: one and the same word or word combination can denote different terms, and the concept is a term in each particular doctrine. The object of critical analysis...

... hermeneutics” by examining notable passages from Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason and the Critique of the Power of Judgment. It is first shown that doctrinal hermeneutics essentially relies on symbolic hypotyposis, which can be understood as thinking by analogy supplemented with a reference to intuition. Here, both an historical and a contemporary interpretation inform the reconstruction of what Kant understands by “symbolic hypotyposis”. Further, the specific nature of the ideas that ...

The concept of “moral sense”, introduced into the philosophical lexicon by Ashley-Cooper Shaftesbury and Francis Hutcheson, has found a place in the teachings of many thinkers. Immanuel Kant was one of them. The position of the theory of moral sense, which exerted a formative influence on Kant’s moral philosophy, varied as it evolved from the pre-critical to the critical period of Kant’s work. In order to find out what this influence was, I first reconstructed the views of Shaftesbury on the nature...

... iskusstve i kontseptualizme [One and Five Ideas: On Conceptual Art and Conceptualism]. Moscow (in Russ.). Titus Lucretius Carus, 1983. O prirode veshchei [About the nature of things]. Translated by F. Petrovsky. Moscow (in Russ.). Waldrop, R., 2022. Thinking of Follows. In: Ot «Chernoi gory» do «Yazykovogo pis'ma»: Antologiya noveishei poezii SShA [From Black Mountain to Language Writing: An Anthology of New American Poetry]. Moscow, pp. 411—418 (in Russ.). Wittgenstein, L., 1994. Filosofskie ...

The paper explores the perspectives of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Karl Marx regarding hu­man freedom, highlighting their relevance amidst the contradictory landscape of social devel­opment in late capitalism. It is well-established that Dostoevsky's ‘orthodox’ socialist stance resonated with Marx's critique of bourgeois society, focusing on themes of materialism, the dominance of wealth, and alienation. Both thinkers grappled with the concept of human free­dom, recognizing it as an intrinsic characteristic...

... 105—124, https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-4-6 (in Russ.). Lakoff, J., 2004. Zhenshchiny, ogon' i opasnye veshchi: Chto kategorii yazyka govoryat nam o myshlenii [Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What the Categories of Lan­guage Tell Us About Thinking]. Moscow (in Russ.). Morkovkin, V. V., Bogachyova, G. F. and Lutskaya, N. M., 2016. Bol'shoi univer­sal'nyi slovar' russkogo yazyka [Big Universal Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Mos­cow (in Russ.). Natsional'nyi korpus russkogo yazyka ...

... Critical Theory and Technology. Baltimore . Lanham, R. A., 1993. The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts. Chi­cago; London. Lotman, Yu. M., 1996. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — istoriya [Inside thinking worlds. Man — text — semiosphere — history]. Moscow (in Russ.). Manovich, L ., 2001 . The Language of New Media . Cambridge . McLuhan, H. M., 2003. Ponimanie media: Vneshnie rasshireniya cheloveka [Unders­tanding Media: Human External ...

... the turn of the 50—60s XX century]. PhD Dissertation. Chelyabinsk, 218 p. (in Russ.). Gromyko, Yu. V., 2013. Klass RAZVITIE [RAZVITIE class]. Moscow, 240 p. (in Russ.). Henrich, D., 2018. Myshlenie i samobytie. Chteniya o sub"ektivnosti [Thinking and being. Readings about subjectivity]. Moscow (in Russ.). Hofstadter, D., 2022. Ya — strannaya petlya [I am strangle loop]. Moscow, 512 p. (in Russ.). In 2017... In: Ezhegodnik APN 1968 goda [APN Yearbook 1968]. Moscow, 1968. 340 p. (in ...

... Brosch, A., 2024. Haus, Markt, Staat. Ökonomie in Kants praktischer Philosophie und Anthropologie. Berlin & Boston: Walter de Gruyter. Davis, A., 1983. Women, Race & Class. New York: Vintage Books. Deyo, D., 2016. Jane Austen and the economic way of thinking. International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education, 7(2), pp. 170-182. Foucault, M., 2008. Introduction to Kant’s Anthropology. Edited by R. Nigro, translated by R. Nigro and K. Briggs. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e). Fraser, N., 2022. ...

In his 1916 book, History as a Problem of Logic, Gustav Shpet undertakes the task of reconstructing the whole Kantian conception of history, previously scattered in various articles and minor works of the critical period. He builds the reconstruction around Kant’s Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective, with a focus on the a priori ‘thread’ in history and not empirical history. Shpet’s general assessment of Kant’s contribution to the development of historical science is sharply...

....1017/CBO9780511554476 Korsgaard, C. M., 1998. Motivation, Metaphysics, and the Value of the Self: A Reply to Ginsborg, Guyer, and Schneewind. Ethics, 109(1), pp. 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1086/233873 Korsgaard, C. M., 2013. Personhood, Animals, and the Law. Think, 12(34), pp. 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477175613000018 Krouglov, A. N., 2025. Kant and Hegel: Natural Law or Philosophy of Right? Filosofskii zhurnal / Philosophy Journal, 18(3), pp. 40-56. https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2025-18-3-40-56 ...

.... Available at: < https://filosoficaeditorial.fundacionfilosofica.com/sdm_downloads/hans-georg-gadamer/> ; (Accessed 23.08.2025). Babich, B., 2025b. Truth, Lie and Nietzsche’s ‘Hinzugedichtetes’: Nietzsche and AI. In: H. Bajohr, ed. 2025. Thinking with AI. London: Open Humanities Press, pp. 147-181. Babich, B. and Cohen, R. S., 1999a. Nietzsche, Epistemology and Philosophy of Science: Nietzsche and the Sciences II. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Babich, B. and Cohen, R. S., 1999b. Nietzsche, Theories ...

... o puteshestvii po Germanii, Gollandii, Anglii i Frantsii N. A. Korsakova v 1839 godu [Story of N. A. Korsakov's travelling through Germany, Holland, England and France in 1839]. Moscow (in Russ.). Loshchilov, I. E., 2017. Andrey Bely in imaginative thinking of the young Zabo­lotskiy. In: Arabeska Andreya Belogo: Zhiznennyi put'. Dukhovnye iskaniya. Poetika [An­drey Bely’s arabesque: Life path. Spiritual quest. Poetics]. Belgrade, pp. 460—468 (in Russ.). Maslennikova, O. N., 2016. Germany in ...

... properties. Marketingovaya lingvistika v tsifrovuyu epokhu: sbornik nauchnykh statei [Marketing linguistics in the digital era: collected papers]. Moscow, pp. 16—21 (in Russ.). Staiger, J., 1990. Announcing Wares, Winning Patrons, Voicing Ideals: Thinking about the History and Theory of Film Advertising. Cinema Journal , 29 (3), pp. 3—31, http://doi.org/10.2307/1225178 . Terskikh, M. V., 2017. Interaction of verbal and visual components in metaphori­zed texts of social advertising. Vestnik ...

... Narration in Modern and Contempo­ra­ry Fiction. Columbus. Ryan, M.-L., 2001. Narrative as Virtual Reality. Immersion and Interactivity in Lite­ra­ture and Electronic Media. Baltimore; London. Ryan, M.-L., 2005. Narrative and Digitality: Learning to Think with the Medium. In: J. Phelan and P. J. Rabinowitz, eds. A Companion to Narrative Theory . Oxford, pp. 515—528. Schenk, S., 2013. Running and Clicking: Future Narratives in Film. Berlin; Boston. second-person narrative, interactivity, immersion,...

... The grammar of discourse . New York. Lotman, Yu. М., 2010. Mechanisms of Dialogue. In: Yu. M. Lotman, ed. Semiosfera. Kul'tura i vzryv. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Stat'i. Issledovaniya. Zametki [Semios­phe­re. Culture and explosion. Inside the thinking worlds. Articles. Studies. Notes]. St. Pe­tersburg, pp. 268—276 (in Russ.). McNeill, D., 2017. Gesture-Speech Unity: What It Is, Where It Came From. In: R. B. Church, M. W. Alibali and S. D. Kelly, eds. Gesture Studies . Vol. 7. Amsterdam,...

... 1976. A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society , 5, pp. 1—23. Sköldberg, E., Bäckström, L., Borin, L. et al., 2013. Between grammars and dictio­na­ries: A Swedish constructicon. Electronic lexicography in the 21st century: thinking outside the paper: Proceedings of the eLex 2013 conference, 17—19 October 2013, Tallinn, Estonia . Ljubljana; Tallinn, pp. 310—327. Torrent, T. T., Meireles Lage, L., Sampaio, T. F., da Silva Tavares, T. and da Silva Ma­tos, E. E., 2014....

... application to different — fictional and non-fictional — genres. Through the analysis of specific works by Chapelain, the article traces the nature of the unfolding of his critical-theoretical discourse, reflecting the principle of aesthetic-philosophical thinking of French classicism as a whole. literature, critic, classicism, antiquity, drama, genre, narration, style, taste, plausibility, newness 37—50 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2024-3-4

... taxonomies of educational tasks, arguing that their limited applicability to the field of data analysis is due to its multidisciplinary and multifaceted nature. A horizontal-vertical taxonomy of educational tasks is proposed, based on three core processes: thinking, communication, and activity. The complexity of tasks is suggested as the key criterion for the vertical part of the taxonomy. Using the topic of “linear regression” as an example, typical tasks corresponding to primary and secondary processes,...