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... Content. In: B. Hooker and M. O. Little, eds. 2000. Moral Particularism. Oxford: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press, pp. 157-177. Bakhurst, D., 2013. Moral Particularism: Ethical not Metaphysical? In: D. Bakhurst, B. Hooker and M. Little, eds. 2013. Thinking about Reasons: Themes from the Philosophy of Jonathan Dancy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 192-217. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604678.003.0010 Foot, P., 1978. Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives. In: P. Foot,...

... philosopher’s comments on Kant have passed largely unnoticed. My task is to reveal the link between Kant’s practical philosophy and Lossky’s ethics. A demonstration of the degree of Kant’s influence in this field will enlarge and concretise the current thinking about Lossky’s perception of Kant. We are looking at a whole range of parallels and borrowings. My comparative analysis focuses on the following aspects: 1) definition and uses of the term “categorical imperative”, 2) free will as the condition ...

Prof. Deng Xiaomang’s translations of the Critique of the Power of Judgment (2002), the Critique of Practical Reason (2003), and the Critique of Pure Reason (2004), were the first Chinese editions of Kant’s three Critiques translated in their entirety from the German originals. This interview tracks his scholarship, placing it within the broader scope of historical and contemporary Kant scholarship in China. Among the topics addressed, the reception of Kantian philosophy among the so called “New...

... leads to the question in what sense philosophy can deal with God’s grace without falsely replacing it with its own arguments. Kant’s answer (a) is that the imputation of evil without attempt to justify it by means of one’s own resources requires thinking of God as the external judge in the internal court of justice, respectively as one’s conscience. This reference to God implies that one makes oneself susceptive to the principle of the good instead of vainly trying to make it dependent on one’s ...

... of sciences. In the first section (I), I show what Kant means by the architectonic ideas by explaining and interrelating the concepts of (a) the faculty of reason, (b) ideas (as principles), (c) method, and (d) sciences of reason. Thereafter (II), I think through his holistic understanding of science and scientific progress and suggest differentiating between four levels of use of architectonic ideas, drawing on the metaphor of a well-structured universe as imagined by Kant in his work on the Universal ...

The ethics of Kant and the ethics of Crusius are strikingly similar. This is manifested in a whole range of principles and concepts. Crusius’ moral teaching hinges on the rigorous moral law which has to be obeyed absolutely, and which makes it different from other prescriptions that are binding only to a relative degree. This is very close to the Kantian distinction between hypothetical and categorical imperatives. Another salient feature of Crusius’ moral teaching is the stress laid on the sphere...

A murder of an Afro-American detainee by a policeman at the end of May 2020 caused a public outrage in the United States, which led to a campaign against the monuments to historical figures whose reputation, according to the protesters, was marred by racism. Some German publicists, impressed by the campaign, initiated an analogous search for racists among the national thinkers and politicians of the past. Suddenly Kant emerged as a ‘scapegoat’. This statement is an attempt to assess such reactions...

..., I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Langton, R., 1998. Kantian Humility: Our Ignorance of Things in Themselves. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Longuenesse, B., 2008. Kant’s “I think” versus Descartes’ “I am a Thing that Thinks”. In: D. Garber and B. Longuenesse, eds. Kant and the Early Moderns. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, pp. 9-31. Mendelssohn, M., 2012. Last Works. Illinois: University of Illinois Press....

... same time controversial part of their philosophical systems. The discussion around the problems of religion began within the Marburg School and still continues among those who study that School. The reason for this is that “fitting” philosophical thinking about the phenomenon of religion into the classical triad of any system of philosophy, i. e. effectively formulating that phenomenon in logical concepts, ethical postulates and aesthetic principles touched the very foundations of that system....

... Gesinnung reveals the whole range of its problematic potential when it has to be translated into other languages: there are no ready-made equivalents. The problem stems from the evolution of this concept in Kant himself from the pre-Critical (“mode of thinking”, “convictions”, “virtuousness”, “virtues”, “sentiments”, “inclinations”, “aspirations”) to the critical works and then in the Critical period in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Further problems arise from ...

... distinguishing the terms Gesinnung and Denkungsart in translation as well as a review of all the existing variants of translating Kant’s concept of Gesinnung into Russian (aspiration, inclination, intention, virtue, virtuousness, conviction, attitude, mode of thinking, thoughts, mood, disposition and umonastroenie), the author comes to the conclusion that the uniform variant umonastroenie is best suited for Russian translations of Kant’s works. Baumgarten, S. J., 1767. Ausführlicher Vortrag der theologischen ...

... interpretation) finds a solution through their reconciliation. Allison, H. E., 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defence. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. Arnauld, A. and Nicole, P., 1996. Logic, or, The Art of Thinking: Containing, Besides Common Rules, Several New Observations Appropriate for Forming Judgment. Translated and edited by J. V. Buroker. 5th edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bradie, M. and Harms, W., 2016. Evolutionary Epistemology....

... period of the “Catholic Renaissance” in Austria was not allowed to succeed Ernst Mach. The analysis of Riehl’s arguments allows us furthermore to understand Riehl as a neo-Kantian as early as 1871/1872, which has been questioned by many authors who think the early Riehl was no Kantian. Anonym, 1871a. Preßprozeß des „Volksboten“ wegen Verbrechens der Religionsstörung. Der Volksbote (Graz), II(12), 15. Jun., S. 87-92. Anonym, 1871b. Zum Prozesse des Volksboten. Der Volksbote (Graz), II(13),...

... Weishaupt. The authors of the period are grouped depending on the common themes and questions that prompted them to turn to the concept of the transcendental subject, even though the results of their reflections did not always coincide. These authors think of the transcendental subject in its relationship to the transcendental object, or as “something = х”, and in terms of the relationship of representation to the object. It is characterised sometimes as something absolutely hollow, and sometimes ...

.... Kant’s aesthetics, concepts of beauty, the sublime, genius, as well as various aspects of their interpretation within the romantic doctrine of "new mythology" and aestheticisation of life, the discovery of a fragment as a way of poetic thinking became topical in contemporary debates about reality, knowledge, human being and society. 1. Бодрийяр Ж. Символический обмен и смерть. М., 2000. 2. Ваттимо Дж. Прозрачное общество....

This article constitutes the first block of a study into publications of Russian thinkers in Kant-Studien — the leading journal of international Kant studies and the main periodical of the international Kant's Society. The article offers an overview of Russian authors' publications in Kant-Studien in 1896—1933. 1. Архимандрит Антоний (Храповицкий). Моральное обоснование важнейшей христианской догмы» // Теологический журнал. 1894. № 3. С. 423—445. 2. Беседа с Хансом-Георгом Гадамером. Русские в...

... the basis for the moral world order: God, soul, and freedom. Kant's epistemology, teleology and anthropology are determined by the attempt to prove the possibility of such world order. The ultimate end of this order is a human as a moral being, the thinking, experience, and knowledge of which are consistent with this end. 1. Голосовкер Я. Э. Достоевский и Кант: Размышление читателя над романом «Бра­тья Карамазовы» и трактатом ...

This article is an introduction to the research project dedicated to the study of the publications of Russian thinkers in "Kant-Studien", the leading periodical of Kant studies and the main journal of the Kant Society. The idea of the project was formulated by V. N. Bryushinkin. The article offers a short history of the journal. 1. Adair-Toteff Ch. Hans Vaihingers’s Kant-Studien // Kant-Studien. 1996. № 87. S. 390—395. 2. Beneke F. E. Kant und die philosophischen Aufgaben unserer Zeit...

... Soboleva, M. E. 2017, Analytic Kant Studies, Transcendental Idealism, and the Thing in Itself, in: Kantovsky sbornik [Kantian Journal], vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 88—99. (In Russ.) Zakharova, E. S., Porfiryeva, S. I., Chaganova, D. N. 2017, The “Ways to Think, Ways to Talk” 8th International Conference. Chronicle, in: Filosofiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki. [Philosophy. A Journal of the Higher School of Economics], vol. 1, no. 2. pp. 201—227. (In Russ.)

In the article the question is raised about the Kantianism of E. T. A. Hoffmann on the example of the story from “The night stories”, which shows that the transcendental reflection as an important gnoseological form makes the practical sense in the human life. 1. Берковский Н. Я. Э. Т. А. Гофман // Берковский Н. Я. Романтизм в Германии. СПб., 2001. 2. Гёррес Й. Афоризмы об искусстве… // Эстетика немецких романтиков. М., 1987. 3. Гиппель Т. Г. фон. Воспоминания о Гофмане // Гофман Э. Т. А. Жизнь...

The article sketches the development of Kant interpretation in analytic philosophy. The author turns to Kant’s transcendental idealism and three well-known difficulties about things in themselves which Kant’s idealism generates: problems about unknowability, noumenal-affection and category-application, and the neglected-alternative. Building on the work “Things in Themselves: an Interim Report” (XI Kant Readings, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 2014), the author questions how...

... 177—187. 17. Bazhanov V. A. The Imaginary Geometry of N. I. Lobachevsky and the Imaginary Logic of N. A. Vasiliev // Modern Logic. 1994. Vol. 4, № 2. P. 148—156. 18. Bloom A. Y. The Linguistic Shaping of Thought: a Study in the Impact of Language on Thinking in China and the West. Erlbaum ; Hillsdale, 1981. 19. Estany A. The Thesis of Theory-Laden Observation in the Light of Cognitive Psychology // Philosophy of Science. 2001. Vol. 68. P. 203—217. 20. Friedman M. Dynamics of Reason. Stanford,...

The article broaches the issue of Kant’s claim of the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject by tracing his criticism of philosophical enthusiasm (“Schwärmerei”). For Kant intellectual intuition (“intellektuelle Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical knowledge. This determination is a threat for his project of enlightenment, because it entices the philosophizing subject to contradict the maxim of self-thinking. In order to show...

Kant scholars have rarely addressed the notion of optimism as it was interpreted by the Königsbergian philosopher in the mid-18th century. The notion originates from Leibniz’s Theodi­cy and from debates over whether the actual world is the best of all possible worlds. The first of a two-part series, this article studies the historical context in which appeared Kant’s 1759 lecture advertisement leaflet entitled An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism. The study describes the requirements of the...

... Fiction In the Post-Truth Era, in: The New York Times, 16.1.2017, p. C1. Kluge, A. 2012, „Der Konjunktiv des Krieges“. Spiegel-Gespräch R. Leik mit A. Kluge, in: Der Spiegel, Nr. 2 vom 9.1.2012, S. 122—125. Kolbert, E. 2017, That’s What You Think. Why Reason and Evidence Won’t Change Our Minds, in: The New Yorker vom 27.2.2017, pp. 66—71. Kuhn, Th. S. 1973, Die Struktur wissenschaftlicher Revolutionen. Frankfurt a. M. Lukács, G. 1954, Die Zerstörung der Vernunft. Berlin. Mendelssohn,...

... place at the confe­rence in accordance with the thematic clusters. The conference confirmed that Kant’s ideas on the state and the revolution are still relevant today. Marey, M. D. 2017, ‘Republicanism’ and ‘Governmentality’: Two Ways of Thinking About Government, in: Filosofiya. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics], vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 113—122. (In Russ.) Marx, K. 1981, Das philosophische Manifest der historischen Rechtsschule, in: ...

This article considers the ideas of the Russian Neo-Kantianist Vasily Sesemann (1884—1963) in comparison with the idealism of the Marburg School. The author analyses the key Russian phi-losopher’s works on the topic: ‘The problem of idealism in philosophy’, ‘Theoretical philosophy of the Marburg School’, etc. The article focuses on Sesemann’s interest in the concept of the ‘irra¬tional’ and explains his understanding of Neo-Kantianism and the idea of infinity (fieri). Sesemann is interested in the...

This paper deals with the methodological and ontological significance of transcendentalism. The author advocates the understanding of transcendental philosophy as ontology and presents a critique of the interpretation given by David Carr, who attached a merely methodological significance to the concept of the ‘transcendental’. Within this interpretation, this paper considers the problem of differences between the ontological aspects of Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology...

This article is devoted to the correlation between liberal and socialist ideas in the social and philosophical conception of the prominent methodologist of social sciences and a Neo-Kantian legal theorist Bogdan Kistyakovsky. The author stresses the uncertainty of both the definition of liberalism and the principles behind attributing concrete thinkers to this movement. The article emphasises the inconsistency of classifying Kistyakovsky’s socio-philosophical concept as liberal. The analysis performed...

The universal public law is a section of Kant’s lectures on natural right, which he delivered in 1784. A traditional part of the then natural right compendia, it might seem strange to us today. Kant distinguished between three branches of government. However, they were not identical in the name or function to the executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Of interest is the justification of the exclusion of certain powers from the monarch’s authority — the monarch must not dispense justice or rule...

This paper presents a critical review of an article by the eminent Russian Kantianist Prof A. N. Kruglov published under the title “Immaturity and the objective of a true reform in ways of thinking” in Kantovsky Sbornik (issues 3—4, 2014). The critical analysis focuses on the practical conclusion, in which Prof Kruglov expresses his negative attitude to the French Revolution and shows ambiguous disapproval of Kant’s positive attitude ...

... Platonism, the Kantian tradition, and the philosophy of all-unity, Trubetskoy argued that the purpose of metaphysics was not to search for and formulate the laws of nature but rather to uncover new levels of the understanding of the interaction between thinking and being. 1. Gajdenko P. P. 2001. Vladimir Solov’ov i filosofia Serebrianogo veka [Vladimir Soloviev and the philosophy of the Silver age]. Moskow, 2001. 2. Zinchenko V. P. 2010. Soznanie I tvorcheskiy akt [Consciousness and the creative ...

... filosofskoj kul'ture [Kant in the Russian Philosophical Culture]. Kaliningrad. P. 78—81. 14. Krouglov, А. N. 2014, Nesovershennoletie i zadacha istinnogo preobrazovanija obraza myshlenija [Immaturity and the Objective of a True Reform in Ways of Thinking], in: Kantovskij sbornik [Kant’s Compendium]. No. 49(а), 50(б). 15. Salikov, А. N. 2013, Mirnyj proekt I. Kanta i modeli reshenija dilemmy bezopasnosti v sovremennoj teorii mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij [Kant’s Peace Project and the Models ...

Based on the theory of genius presented in Kant’s Critique of Judgement, the author considers the idea of normal genius as opposed to the genius of Romanticism and Postmodernism. The influence of Postmodernism is manifested in popular interpretations of the works of great artists — especially, Russian ones — as a product of mental disorders and perversions. The author analyses an interpretation of the oeuvre of the great Russian poet and thinker A. A. Fet. Factors that affected the fundamentals of...

... that are closed to the other forms of social consciousness/unconsciousness. The article analyses E. T. A. Hoffmann’s novel The Sandman, which is interpreted as a romantic warning against symbolic plays with spectres generated by the mechanisation of thinking and being. 1. Bobkov, I. M. 2007, Kristeva Julia. Novejshij filosofskij slovar. Postmodernizm [The newest philosophical dictionary. Postmodernism]. Minsk, p. 245—248. 2. Botnikova, A. B. 2003, Nemetzkij romantizm: dialog chudozhestvenych ...

... the texts of an authoritative Russian thinker Nikolai Strakhov (1828—1896), whose legacy has been revised in recent historical and philosophical studies. The author of the article analyses the materials of Strakhov’s works ‘The key feature of thinking’, ‘On time’, ‘On objectives of history of philosophy’, ‘On key concepts of psychology’, his many years’ correspondence with L. N. Tolstoy and A. A. Fet, who expressed keen interest in the works of the German philosopher, the works ...

This paper is devoted to investigation of destination of religion in the process of forming of the concept of law in determined cultural circumstances. This study is actualizes the essential link between comprehension of content of domain of law and concept of subjectivity. Nikolay Alexeev overcomes concept of subjectivity represented in philosophy of early modern period of European history, (primarily in the rationalistic tradition of Rene Descartes). The crucial significant in his concept of law...

The article focuses on overcoming the superficial approach to Neo-Kantianism: Neo-Kantianism is widely interpreted as a one-sided understanding of Kant’s works, their corruption, and, thus, a dead-end branch of the transcendental philosophy of the great Königsberg thinker. The author also discusses some of the fundamental aspects of divergence between Hermann Cohen’s philosophical system and German Neo-Kantianism. It is argued that Cohen created an original philosophical system; therefore, it is...

This article examines the category of modality through the postulate of empirical thinking in general and in constructing a philosophical system where functions of consciousness are substantial elements. The system comprises ‘faculties of the mind’, as Kant calls them, namely, evaluation, cognition, and practical activity and norms....

This article attempts, on the one hand, to inscribe the works of the Russian philosopher Hessen into the Neo-Kantian tradition and, on the other hand, to emphasise the originality of his philosophical position in the framework of Neo-Kantianism. The author identifies two important aspects in the analysis of the Russian thinker’s works: his attention to the philosophical practice and the evolution of his philosophical views towards Platonism. As to the problem of philosophical practice, when analyzing...

... meta—psychology)). For this purpose, the author introduces suchnew methodological concepts as “transcendental shift” and “transcendental perspective” (see CPR, B25) and “transcendental constructivism” or “pragmatism” (see “acts of pure thinking" (CPR, B81)). This interpretation of transcendentalism is based on the cognitive-semantic reading of the Critique in the light of Kant’s question formulated in a letter to M. Herz (of February 21, 1772): “What is the ground of the relation ...

This article considers the key aspects of P. Natorp’s aesthetics in the system of his philosophy and identifies the legitimate position of aesthetics in the structure of philosophical disciplines: logic, ethics, and philosophy of religion. The author analyses the understanding of aesthetics and philosophyof arts and creative works in line with the Neo-Kantian tradition. The article focuses on the thinker’s contribution to the philosophy of the Marburg School and the justification of idealism. Philosophical...

This article focuses on Rosenzweig’s major work The Star of Redemption. The author attempts to answer the principal question as to whether Rosenzweig’s thought belongs to the tradition of Kantian philosophy.The author addresses the Rosenzweig’s interpretation of Kant’s concept of freedom as a hermeneutical cipher to expose some of his considerations on human nature. Rosenzweig acknowledges Kant’s achievement in attributing a human act to the major fundament, which will save a human from the universal...

... deviation of rules regulating the actions of a human being from their principle of morality. The author analyses the factors underlying the “predisposition” to evil. It is emphasised that Kant measures wickedness not by deeds but solely by the way of thinking. The author discusses the question as to whether the intelligible good, i. e. the critical verification of rules regulating the actions against the categorical imperative, necessarily entail the empirically good. The conclusion is made that, ...

Necessity is a key philosophical notion, which is used in different disciplines from logic to ontology. In the German philosophy of the Enlightenment, this concept was centralto the work of many thinkers. For them, necessity is related not only to logic but rather to the disciplines of general and special metaphysics. It is explained by that the principle of sufficient reason introduced by Leibniz is closely linked to the notion underconsideration. The recognition of this principle as one of the...

This article is devoted to A. A. Fet’s philosophy of art. He is a representative of ‘pure art’ in Russian poetry, whose works were opposed to tendentious art serving the socio-political agenda ofthe time. However, the objective logic of nature of art made A. A. Fet’s poetry complimentary to revolutionary-democratic poetry. A. Fet was guided by Kant’s principle of aesthetics stating that the function of art is constituting the world of values. It does not and cannot replace either science, which is...

... 177—187. 17. Bazhanov V. A. The Imaginary Geometry of N. I. Lobachevsky and the Imaginary Logic of N. A. Vasiliev // Modern Logic. 1994. Vol. 4, № 2. P. 148—156. 18. Bloom A. Y. The Linguistic Shaping of Thought: a Study in the Impact of Language on Thinking in China and the West. Erlbaum ; Hillsdale, 1981. 19. Estany A. The Thesis of Theory-Laden Observation in the Light of Cognitive Psychology // Philosophy of Science. 2001. Vol. 68. P. 203—217. 20. Friedman M. Dynamics of Reason. Stanford,...