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... scholars to the problem of anagrams in ancient texts. The author addresses the following “problem nodes”: the difficulty of proving the presence of an anagram in each individual case and the ambiguity of the question as to the arbitrary or systematic nature of anagrammatic structures and anagrams’ functions. Solving these problems will contribute to identifying the major avenues of further research on anagrams. 1. Гаты Заратустры. URL: zoroastrian.ru/node/1759 (дата обращения: ...

... linguistics, gives a definition of prophetic dreams, and identifies the position of this issue in the cultural tradition. The article identifies three basic characteristics that bring together the symbolic forms of culture and the symbols of dreams: the nature of imagery, the semantics of certain images, and the common mechanisms of symbolisation. 1. Берестнев Г. И. Рецензия: Е. С. Кубрякова. На пути получения знаний о языке: части речи ...

... half of the 20th century, as well as the peculiarities of the axiological system characteristic of a non-clerical, but religious consciousness. The author identifies typological features of the characters according to their attitude to the society and nature. The article shows how the tradition of Russian classical literature with its focus on the spiritual development of a person is followed. 1. Керлот Х. Э. Словарь символов. М., 1994. 2. Лотман Ю. М. Очерки ...

... shows that the philosophising persona of Pasternak’s book ponders on death looking for the ways to overcome it. The way to overcome “boredom”— death is the “narrow way” of the Gospel, whereas the motif of grace is manifested in the images of nature, human soul, and history. 1. Альфонсов В. Н. Поэзия Бориса Пастернака. Л., 1990. 2. Из переписки Б. Пастернака // С разных точек зрения: «Доктор Живаго» ...

... characteristics of a person capable of having ‘prophetic’ dreams are identified on an analytical basis. The authors consider such aspects as the dreamer’s gender, age, ability of semantic development of dreams, and ability to understand their prophetic nature. The combination of these parameters comprises the portrait of a dreamer. 1. Берестнев Г. И. Слово, язык и за их пределами. Калининград, 2007. 2. Витгенштейн Л. Философские ...

... Ritter, K. Gründer, G. Gabriel ed., 1998. Histo­risches Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Bd. 10. Basel: Schwabe Verlag, pp. 1376-1388. Hinske, N., 1970. Kants Weg zur Transzendentalphilosophie. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer. Kant, I., 1992a. The Employment in Natural Philosophy of Metaphysics Combined with Geometry, of Which Sample I Contains the Physical Monadology. In: I. Kant, 1992. Theoretical philosophy, I755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford in collaboration with R. Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge ...

... Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-202. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited by and Translated by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2011. Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality. In: I. Kant, 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 221-250. Klenk, G.F., 1953. Heidegger und Kant....

... relationship between metaphysics and science in the context of Kant’s time; secondly, the relevance of Kant’s ideas to modern sciences and the concepts of philosophy of science in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Bazhanov, V. А., 2020. Nature of Mathematics through the Lens of Cognitive Research, Voprosy Filosofii, 11, pp. 87-96. (In Rus.) Fugate, C. D., 2014. The Teleology of Reason. A Study of the Structure of Kant’s Critical Philosophy. New York & Berlin: De Gryuter. Kalin, M. ...

This article assesses the role of Immanuel Kant’s ideas in the historical philosophy of Gustav Shpet (1879—1937). This theme has been largely ignored by Shpet scholars who have concentrated on comparing his logical-methodological theories with the ideas of representatives of phenomenology (E. Husserl, R. Ingarden and others) and hermeneutics (F. Schleiermacher, W. Dilthey, H. Lipps, H.-G. Gadamer and others). Accordingly, the authors consistently reconstruct “the sphere of conversation” within which...

... have been published, dissertations defended etc. The article reviews the main trends of these studies in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Aporovich, A. F., ed. 2006. Velikie preobrazovateli estestvoznaniya: Immanuil Kant [Great Сonverters of Natural Sciences: Immanuel Kant]. Abstracts of XV International Conference, 24–25 November 1999. Minsk: BGUIR. (In Rus.) Barchatkou, A. I., 2015. Razvitie transcendental’noj filosofii I.Kanta v tvorchestve S.Majmona [Development of Kant’s Philosophy ...

In his first Kant book of 1929 Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics Martin Heidegger focusses, not surprisingly, on one of the two central themes from his two years earlier major book Being and Time — the question of the essence of time. It cannot be overseen that he tries to show that his conception of time is superior to Kant’s. Nevertheless, it is high time to examine whether Heidegger’s claim can bear up against a micro-hermeneutical and micro-analytical test. Such an examination, to be fair and...

... understanding, which are directed towards the field of possible experience and provide a connection of cognition through reasons and consequences, as well as the regulative principles of reason, which form maxims of research, astronomy is a proper and rational natural science. The analysis of the case studies of astronomy shows that Kant uses the term transcendental within the framework of the “Transcendental Logic” of the Critique of Pure Reason to denote conditions that are constitutive for the possibility ...

... 1985. The Complete Works of Spinoza. Volume I. Edited by E. Curley. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Vossenkuhl, W., 1994. Spontaneität. Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, 48(3), pp. 329-349. Zovko, M.-É. 2013. Involved in Humankind: Nature, Virtue and the Good We Desire for Ourselves and for Others. Knowledge Cultures, 1/2, pp. 264-300. Zovko, M.-É. 2014. Impassioned by Passion: Knowledge and Love in Plato and Spinoza. Dionysius, 32, pp. 140-171. Zovko, M.-É., 2018. Poetry and ...

... Translated by N.A. Duddington. Oxford: Humphrey Milford. Navickas, J. L., 1978. N. Lossky’s Moral Philosophy and M. Scheler’s Phenomenology. Studies in Soviet Thought, 18(2), pp. 121-130. Oizerman, T. I., 1994. Kant’s Doctrine of Initial Evil in Human Nature. Kantian Journal, 18, pp. 11-20. (In Rus.). Popova, V. S., 2015. Kant in the Development of N. O. Lossky’s Philosophical Views: The Case of a Translation. Kantian Journal, 1(52), pp. 62-75. Puls, H., 2011. Freiheit als Unabhängigkeit von bloß ...

... that make actual experience possible: the ideal of holiness resides in reason, i. e. in the human being, but the dominance of radical evil over the human will puts it out of human reach either in thought or in practice. For rational thought it is more natural to imagine the practical reality of the archetype as the embodiment of the authentic man proceeding from God. Using the Gospel narrative about Jesus, Kant interprets the human nature of the archetype in the light of his general notions about the ...

... Consciousness and Communicative Action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 43-115. Habermas, J., 1991. Erläuterungen zur Diskursethik. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp. Habermas, J. 2003. Truth and Justification. Cambridge: Polity Press. Habermas, J., 2008. Between Naturalism and Religion. Cambridge: Polity Press. Habermas, J., 2016. Kommunikative Vernunft. Ein Interview mit Christoph Demmerling und Hans-Peter Krüger. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 64(5), pp. 806-827. Habermas, J. 2021. Versuch einer Replik....

... [Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View]. Translated by X. Deng. Chongqing: 重庆出版社 Chongqing chubanshe [Chongqing Press]. Kant, I., 1988. 自然科学的形而上学基础 Ziran kexue de xing’ershangxue jichu [Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science]. Translated by X. Deng. Hong Kong: 三联书店 Sanlian shudian [Joint Publishing]. Kant, I., 1997. 单纯理性限度内的宗教 Danchun lixing xiandu nei de zongjiao [Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone]. Translation by Q. Li....

... 45-66. Ameriks, K., 2000. The Fate of Autonomy. Problems in the Appropriation of the Critical Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baumgarten, A. G., 2000. Ethica philosophica. Hildesheim: Olms. Callanan, J. 2019. Kant on Misology and the Natural Dialectic. Philosophers’ Imprint, 19(47), pp. 1-22. Crusius, C. A., 1772. Kurzer Begriff der Moraltheologie, oder nähere Erklärung der praktischen Lehren des Christentums. Theil 1. Leipzig: Ulrich Christian Saalbach. Dancy, J., 2004. Ethics ...

... existence of God. I propose a reconstruction of Schelling’s account of undoubted being which cannot be deduced from the concept of the totality of all that is possible and therefore must come before any thought. He interprets reason as having an ecstatic nature which posits precedent undoubted being. This enables Schelling to formulate his own version of the thesis on the unity of being and thought, whereby being comes first and thought is only second. Against this background I analyse Schelling’s interpretation ...

This paper defends the doctrine that moral requirements are categorical in nature. My point of departure is John McDowell’s 1978 essay, “Are Moral Requirements Hypothetical Imperatives?”, in which McDowell argues, against Philippa Foot, that moral reasons are not conditional upon agents’ desires and are, in a certain ...

... Germany. In: H. Heine, 2007. On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany and Other Writings. Edited by T. Pinkard, translated by H. Pollack-Milgate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3-117. Herzen, A., 1956. Letters on the Study of Nature. Letter Eight: Realism. In: A. Herzen, 1956. Selected Philosophical Works. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, pp. 282-305. Herzen, A., 1982. My Past and Thoughts. The Memories. Translated by C. Garnett, revised by H. Higgens, Introduction ...

... Available at: < ">http://ras.jes.su/transcendental/s123456780008967-4-1> ; [Accessed 01 Au­gust 2021]. Katrechko, S. L., 2021. The Ambivalent Character of the Kantian Notion of Appearance: The Objective-Objectual (‘gegenständlich’) Nature of Appearances as ‘Objects of Experience’. In: C. Serck-Hanssen and B. Himmelmann, eds. 2021. The Court of Reason: Proceedings of the 13th International Kant Congress. Oslo, 6-9 August 2019. Berlin & Boston: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 319-327. ...

... Aufsätze und Vorträge, hg. von I. Dingel. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Spaemann, R., 1963. Reflexion und Spontaneität. Studien über Fénelon. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. Stamer, G., 2001. Kant. Der intelligible Charakter und die übersinnliche Natur. In: G. Stamer, hg. 2001. Die Realität des Inneren. Der Einfluß der deutschen Mystik auf die deutsche Philo­sophie. Amsterdam und New York: Rodopi, S. 121-140. Stengel, F., hg. 2008. Kant und Swedenborg. Zugänge zu einem umstrittenen Verhältnis....

.... Hanna, R., 2000. The Inner and the Outer: Kant’s “Refutation” Reconstructed. Ratio, 13, pp. 146-174. Hanna, R., 2001. Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hanna, R., 2006. Kant, Science, and Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jacobi, F. H., 1787. David Hume über den Glauben oder Idealismus und Realismus: ein Gespräch. Breslau: Löwe. Kant, I., 2004. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics that will be Able to Come Forward as Science....

... principle of mutual respect, preserving their professional and human sympathy for each other. Besides, I substantiate my assertion that Marburg Neo-Kantians had different concepts of the special place of religion in the system of philosophy. The specific nature of this difference warrants the discussion not only of the boundary of reason and rationality but adds new dimensions to that boundary, filling it with content and thus broadening the very sphere of critical idealism. In the course of the discussion ...

... 2: I. V. Kireevsky. Translated by P. K. Christoff. The Hague: Mouton, pp. 346-375. Kristeller, P. O., 1961. Renaissance Thought: The Classic, Scholastic, and Humanist Strains. New York: Harper Torchbooks. Kunitsyn, A. P., 1966. Pravo yestestvennoye [Natural Law]. In: I. Ia. Shchipanov, ed. 1966. Russkie Prosvetiteli ot Radishcheva do Decabristov [Russian Enlightenment from Radishchev to the Decembrists], Volume 2. Moscow: Mysl’, pp. 204-351. (In Russ.) Marx, K., 1976. Capital. A Critique of Political ...

... Kant, I., 1958. De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis. Über die Form und die Prinzipien der Sinnen- und Geistewelt. Lateinisch-Deutsch. Übersetzt von K. Reich. Hamburg: Meiner. Leibniz, G. W., 1714. Die Vernunftprinzipien der Natur und der Gnade. In: G. W. Leibniz, 2002. Monadologie und andere metaphysische Schriften: Französisch-Deutsch. Herausgegeben, übersetzt, mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen und Registern versehen von U. J. Schneider. Hamburg: Meiner, S. 152-174. Leibniz,...

The early decades of the last century saw European philosophical thought becoming increasingly interested in the sociological extension of the idea of law. From the viewpoint of the sociology of law, law is formed in the process of social interactions and is not sanctioned by the state. Sergey Hessen and Georges Gurvitch base their conceptions of social law on the sociology of law in the 1920s and 1930s. They start a polemic in the pages of the journal Sovremenniye zapiski (Contemporary Notes). Although...

... conditions in Spinoza’s thought that make every heteronomous interpretation of his practical philosophy extremely unlikely. These are i) identification of moral value in the quality of an agent’s law-oriented motivation, ii) distinction between human nature as rational and affective, ascribing different sets of laws to each, iii) endowment of reason with moral content, iv) recognition of the non-subjective notion of goodness. Added to this is my discussion of freedom and necessity in Kant and Spinoza ...

... Reason]. In: I. Kant, 1965. Sobranie sochinenii v 6 t. [Collected Works in 6 Volumes], Volume 4 (1). Edited by V. F. Asmus. Moscow: Mysl, pp. 311-504. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 1965b. Ob iznachalno zlom v chelovecheskoi prirode [On the Radical Evil of Human Nature]. In: I. Kant, 1965. Sobranie sochinenii v 6 t. [Collected Works in 6 Volumes], Volume 4 (2). Edited by V. F. Asmus. Moscow: Mysl, pp. 5-58. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 1965c. Osnovy metafiziki nravstvennosti [Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals] In: ...

At the beginning of the twentieth century in the Russian-speaking philosophical space philosophical projects emerged which brought ontology and gnoseology closer together. One can observe this process, for example, in the philosophical doctrines of the Russian intuitivists Nikolay Lossky and Semyon Frank. I demonstrate that the emergence of these doctrines and the development of their onto-gnoseological categorial apparatus were mainly connected with the criticism of the Neo-Kantian theory of cognition...

Sergey Hessen builds his philosophy of culture on Heinrich Rickert’s theory of values. Like Rickert, he believes that the individual plays a key role in the formation of culture. The individual exercises freedom only in creative activity and the degree to which he fulfils his creative potential depends not only on the cultural context in which it happens, but also on the regulation of the opportunities for self-actualisation in any given society. Accordingly, Hessen defines society as the sphere...

... another level of the pyramid of ontologies, by changing dualism to pluralism because dualism is too narrow to accommodate all the autonomous components of critical philosophy. Thus spirit and freedom find a new place separate from the sphere of physical nature; the category of adaptation explains how different ontologies can coexist; while the problem of two interpretations of transcendental idealism (two-world vs. two-aspect interpretation) finds a solution through their reconciliation. Allison,...

This paper explores the new frontier within Kantian scholarship which suggests that Kant places so much special importance on the value of rational nature that the supreme principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central claim of Kant’s ethics, rather than ...

... dissertation for historical and philosophical studies? To answer this question I analyse the structure and give a brief summary of the dissertation, look at the history of its writing and try to identify the place of this work among Kant’s other papers on natural philosophy. I then demonstrate that Kant’s concept of ether as an elastic matter of fire, heat and light containing the forces of attraction and repulsion originates in the dissertation On Fire. I identify the provisions in Kant’s early works ...

The aim is to examine Alois Riehl’s contribution to the “culture war” (Kulturkampf) in the second half of the nineteenth century. We show that he used Kant’s autonomy principle to argue against the idea that religious dogmatism is a fundament of morality. We prove this thesis by focusing on the forgotten historical background, which is important for an understanding of Morals und Dogma. Originally this essay was an expert opinion for the court case of the socialist H. Tauschinski who was accused...

... Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett. Kant, I., 2011a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by M. J. Gregor and J. Timmermann. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2011b. Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morals. In: I. Kant, 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 221-248. Krouglov, A. N., 2009. Filosofija Kanta ...

... 1966. Zu Kants Begriff der Philosophie. Eine Edition und eine Fragestellung. In: F. Kaulbach und J. Ritter, Hg. 1966. Kritik und Metaphysik. Studien. Heinz Heimsoeth zum 80. Geburtstag. Berlin: De Gruyter, S. 40-59. Hume, D., 2007. Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, and Other Writings. Edited by N. Coleman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Irrlitz, G., 2002. Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk. Stuttgart und Weimar: J. B. Metzler. Kant, I., 1924. Die philosophischen Hauptvorlesungen Immanuel Kants: ...

..., pp. 153-170. 26. Soboleva, M. E., 2018. How to Read Kant, or Kant in the Context of Contemporary Epistemological Discussions in Western Analytic Kant-Studies. Voprosy filosofii, 3, pp. 129-140. (In Russ.) 27. Stroll, A., 1995. Transcendentalism or Naturalism: The Only Alternatives? Dialectica, 49(2/4), pp. 95-111. 28. Stroud, B., 1972. “Ludwig Wittgenstein” by David Pears (Review). The Journal of Philosophy, 69(1), pp. 16-26. 29. Whorf, B., 1956. Language, Thought, and Reality, Cambridge (Mass....

... publication, the page numbers are in square brackets at the beginning of the page. Page footnotes, if indicated, draw on the commentaries of Lewis White Beck, the translator of the dissertation into English from the following edition: Kant, I., 2012. Natur­al Science, edited by E. Watkins, translated by L. W. Beck, J. B. Edwards, O. Reinhardt, M. Schönfeld and E. Watkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 713-714. It was important for the translator to follow the course of Kant’s thought ...