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... Anschauungen und Erscheinungen. Nürnberg: Grattenauer. Zöller, G., 2015. Selbstbewusstsein, reines. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr, S. Bacin, eds. 2015. Kant-Lexikon. Volume 3. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 2070-2071. transcendental subject, transcendental object, thing-in-itself, representation, subject of representation, object of representation Margarita V. Rouba 7-25 10.5922/0207-6918-2020-2-1

... The Philosophical Review, vol. 74, № 1.27. Beth, E. 1965, Mathematical Thought. Dordrecht.28. Burgess, J., Rosen, G. 1999, Subject with No Object.29. Field, H. 1980, Science without Numbers: a Defense of Nominalism. Oxford.30. Field, H. 1989, Realism,... ... Papers of the 31st International Wittgenstein Symposium (Vol. XVI). Kirchberg am Wessel, p. 169—172.38. Katrechko, S. 2014, Transcendentalism as a Special Type of Philosophizing: Kant’s transcendental Shift, Dasein-Analysis of Heidegger and Sachverhalt-Ontology ...

... of an object in general and for describing necessary regulative conditions of experience. With these reflections, Kant places his transcendental philosophy in a long tradition of philosophical thought in which the celestial bodies are the preferred subject. Allison, H. E., 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. An Interpretation and Defence, Revised edition. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. Anderson, R. L., 2015. The Poverty of Conceptual Truth. Kant’s Analytic/Synthetic Distinction and the Limits of Metaphysics. Oxford: ...

... Paul Ltd & The Humanities Press. Schulting, D., 2011. Kant’s Idealism: The Current Debate. In: D. Schulting, J. Verburgt, eds. 2011. Kant’s Idealism: New Interpretations of a Controversial Doctrine. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 1-25. Sosa, E., 1987. Subjects among Other Things. Philosophical Perspectives, l, pp. 155-87. Stang, N., 2017. An Ecumenal Approach to Kant’s Idealism. In: S. L. Katrechko, ed. 2017. Proceedings of the International Workshop “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy (2): Kant Appearance, its Ontological and Epistemological Status” (Moscow, April 26—30, 2018). M.: Foundation center for Civic Initiatives, pp. 26-27, 79-86, [online]. Available at: https://elibrary....

... described as transcendental idealism. On the one hand, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the distinction between things-in-themselves and appearances. On the other hand, our method of cognition is representative in that is based on representations — subjective and objective (objectual) ones. A synthesis of the above considerations suggests that Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the [conceptual] triad — ‘[objective] object (thing-in-itself; Ding an sich) —appearance (Erscheinung) — and [mental] representation (Vorstellung)’. Kant’s transcendental philosophy is impossible without the concept ...

... School. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 27(3), pp. 541-555. (In Rus.) Soboleva, M., 2020. Transcendentalism and its Forms. Studies in Transcendental Philosophy, 1(1), pp. 3-13. (In Rus.) Soboleva, M. E., 2010. Hermann Cohen and Mikhail Bakhtin: a Dialogue About ... ... Cohen and the Philosophy of Dialog. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya. (In Rus.) Sokuler, Z. A., 2010. Ideas for a new Concept of the Subject in Hermann Cohen’s “Religion of Reason from the Sources of Judaism”. In: I. N. Griftsova and N. A. Dmitrieva, eds....

... Grenzbestimmung der reinen Vernunft. In: B. Dörflinger, G. Kruck, eds. 2011. Über den Nutzen von Illusionen. Die regulativen Ideen in Kants theoretischer Philosophie. Zürich & New York: Olms, pp. 13-28. Kant, reason, ideas, objective deduction, subjective deduction, transcendental deduction, homogeneity, specification, continuity, transcendental dialectic Rudolf Meer 7-29 10.5922/0207-6918-2019-1-1

... reine Phänomenologie (Hua III). Den Haag: M. Nijhoff. Katrechko, S. L., 2020. Kant’s “Idea [Project] of Transcendental Philosophy”. Transcendental’ny zhurnal, 1. doi: 10.18254/S271326680008967-4. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2005. Did Kant Have a Transcendental Subject? History of Philosophy Yearbook — 2004, pp. 279-295. (In Rus.) Molchanov, V. I., 1997. Loneliness of Consciousness and Communicativeness of the Sign. Logos, 9, рр. 5-24. (In Rus.) Nancy, J. -L., 1996. Être singulier pluriel. Paris: Galilée....

... znaniya v evropejskoj filosofii (ot R. Dekarta do L. Vitgenshtejna) [The Problem of Objective Reliability of Knowledge in European Philosophy (from R. Descartes to L. Wittgenstein)]. Minsk: BSU. (In Rus.) Rouba, M. V., 2020. The Paradox of Kant’s Transcendental Subject in German Philosophy in the Late Eighteenth Century. Каntian Journal, 39(2), pp. 7-26. Rumyantseva, T. G., 2004. Filosofiya I. Kanta [Philosophy of I. Kant]. Minsk: BSU, 2004. (In Rus.) Rumyantseva, T. G., 2008. Nemeckaya transcendental’naya ...

... philosophy, e. g. the question: What is intuition and singular term? Then I look at more specific questions, e. g.: What is the subject of arithmetic and what is the significance of diagrams in mathematical reasoning? As a result, the reader is presented ... ... Superfluous by an Earlier. Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1-104. Allison, H. E., 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. 2nd ed. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. Baumgarten, A., 1773....

... and provide an overview of relevant contemporary literature. Third, I show that authentic Kantianism and “linguistic Kantianism” belong to two different types of transcendentalism, to which I respectively refer as the “transcendentalism of the subject” and the “transcendentalism of the medium.” The transcendentalism of the subject assigns a central role to the faculties of the cognising subject (according to Kant, cognition is not the conforming of a subject’s intuitions and understanding to objects, but ...

... some new objects, but of the ones which had already been thought of. Thereby Maimon substantially broadened the area of analytic judgments at the cost of the synthetic ones, which ultimately allowed him to reinterpret the relation of the formal and transcendental logic, and also to subject the formal logic itself to a thorough revision. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Логика Канта и метафизика Стросона // Кантовский сборник. 2011. Вып. 37. С. 7—17. 2. Кант И. Избранные ...

... и границы жизненного мира : автореф. дис. … канд. филос. наук. М., 2008. 7. Честнов И. Л. Что есть право? // Правоведение. 2013. № 3. С. 229—237. Poskachina M. N. transcendental phenomenology, theory of law, subject of law 5-9

... Kant shows that the eminent micro-judgement-act “I think” has the complex, though paradigmatic substructure of each human subject recog­nising his/her identity as thinking / judging and temporally existing while thinking / judging. Caimi, M.... ... in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Stuttgart und Bad Cannstatt: fromann-holzboog, S. 85-106. Carl, W., 2008. The Highest Point of Transcendental Philosophy. In: J. Stolzenberg und K. Ameriks, Hg. 2008. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Idealismus / International Yearbook ...

... 2006. P. 17—48. 10. Strawson P. F. Concepts and Properties or Predication and Copulation // Strawson P. F. Entity and Identity and other essays. Oxford, 1997. P. 83—91. 11. Strawson P. F. Kant on Substance // Ibid. P. 268—280. 12. Strawson P. F. Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar. L., 2004. formal logic, transcendental logic, descriptive metaphysics, ontology, particular, unviersal Bryushinkin V. N. 7-17 10.5922/0207-6918-2011-3-1

... this development is the ontologization of cognitive process and the recognition of existential characteristics of the knowing subject as primary and exerting a significant impact on its cognitive structure. This ‘ontological turn’, typical of Russian ... ... transcendentalno-logiczny w Rosji i jego krytyka. Wlodzimierz Ern (1. Przedstawiciele idealizmu transcendentalno-logicznego) [Transcendental logical idealism in Russia and its criticism. Vladimir Ern (1. Representatives of transcendental- logical idealism)] ...

... 2006. P. 17—48. 14. Strawson P. F. Concepts and Properties or Predication and Copulation // Strawson P. F. Entity and Identity and other essays. Oxford, 1997. P. 83—91. 15. Strawson P. F. Kant on Substance // Ibid. P. 268—280. 16. Strawson P. F. Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar. L., 2004. 17. Strawson P. F. Individuals. Routledge, 2012. formal logic, transcendental logic, descriptive metaphysics, ontology, particular, universal. Bryushinkin V. N. 6-15

... objective thing in itself as an empirical object that affects our sensibility. The second variant is based on the question ‘On what ground rests the relation of what we call representation in us to the object?’, as Kant put it in his letter to Herz. The subjective thing in itself is defined as a transcendental object and/or phenomenon. It is emphasised that, in a certain sense, the second variant of S. L. Katrechko’s interpretation antecedes Husserl’s phenomenology, which introduced a substantive a priori justification of human experience....

... (H. Allison). Whereas classical metaphysics interprets knowledge as a relation between the (empirical) subject and the object, the transcendental metaphysics understands "possible experience”(Erfahrung) as a relation between the transcendental subject (transcendental unity of apperception) and the transcendental object. At the same time, unlike contemplative classical metaphysics, Kant’s transcendentalism is an "experimental" metaphysics, whereas the “transcendental” is defined as a ...

... Kant’s philosophy has shaped some key aspects of the French philosopher’s thinking — in particular, the concept of “transcendental empiricism” — and also has influenced Deleuze’s ideas about difference, becoming, ground and immanence. ... ... chelovecheskoy prirode po Yumu. Kriticheskaya filosofiya Kanta: ucheniye o sposobnostyakh. Bergsonizm. Spinoza [Empiricism and Subjectivity: An Essay on Hume’s Theory of Human Nature. Kant’s Critical Philosophy: The Doctrine of the Faculties. Bergsonism....

... filosofskogo mirovozzreniya N. O. Losskogo [I. Kant in formation of N. O. Lossky philosophical worldview], Kantovskiy sbornik [Kantovskiy sbornik], no. 2 (52). p. 62—75. 26. Prasolov M. A. 2007. Subjekt i sushchee v russkom metafizicheskom personalizme [Subject and existence in Russian metaphysical personalism]. St. Petersburg, 354 p. 27. Salagova V. 1916. Transtsendentalnyy kharakter ucheniya Leybnitsa o monade [Transcendental nature of Leibniz’s doctrine of Monad]. Kharkov, 23 p. 28. Teykhmyuller G. 1894. Darvinizm i filosofiya [Darvinism and philosophy]. Yuriev, 100 p. 29. Teykhmyuller G. 1913. Deystvitel'nyy i kazhushchiysya mir. [The real and seeming world],...

... conceptualisation. The mediation of Schlick’s positivist theory and Kant’s transcendentalist theory allows us to present first-person and third-person perspectives as two epistemic registers, subordinated to the position of a historically specific conscious subject. I treat the first-person perspective as a reflective power of judgment, and the third-person perspective as a determinative power of judgment; doing so, I establish the connection between the qualitative interpretation of phenomenal experience ...

... Geschichte der Phi­losophie. 1966. 48. S. 207—216. 17. Marion J.-L. The Final Appeal of the Subject // Deconstructive Subjectivities / ed. S. Critchley, P. Dews. SUNY Press, 1996. epistemology, experience, objectivity, phenomenology, reflection, transcendental subject, apperception, phenomenon, category Artemenko N. A. 17-28 10.5922/0207-6918-2011-4-2

... Surovtsev], Tomsk: Vodoley, p. 162—193. 21. Shestov, L. 1989, Pamyati Velikogo Philosopha. Edmund Husserl. [Dedicated to Great Philosopher. Edmund Husserl.], In: Voprosy Philosophii. [Russian Journal of Philosophical Questions], № 1, p. 144—160. subjectivity, transcendental, transcendent, immanent, synthesis, epistemology, ontology Vyazmin A. Yu. 19-29 10.5922/0207-6918-2017-1-2

... № 6, p. 119—162. 16. Frank S. L. 1995, Predmiet znanija. Ob osnovah i predelah otvlechennogo znanija [The subject knowledge. On the principles and the limits of abstract knowledge] // Frank S. L. Predmiet znanija. Dusha cheloveka [Frank S. L. The subject knowledge. The soul of man]. SPb, p. 7—515. 17. Jakovenko B. 1912—1913, Ob immanientnom transcendentizmie, transcen¬dent¬nom immanentizmie i dualizmie voobshche. Vtoroje, bolschoje specialnoje vvedenije v trans-cendentalizm [About immanent transcendentalism, transcendental im¬manentism and dualism altogether. The second, more special introduction to the tran¬scendentalism] // Logos [Logos]. № 1—2, p. 99—182. 18. Jakovenko B. V. 2003, Istorija russkoj filosofii / pod red. Ju. N....

.... Their philosophical concepts share the tendency to transpose epistemological problems to ontology, and to identify and bring closer together epistemology and ontology. Russian philosophers ontologise the theory of cognition through the analysis of subjectivity, the complete elimination of psychological motives and the separation of transcendentalism from transcendentism. These principles enable Salagov to ground a three-part structure of cognition (consciousness, being, committing to consciousness) and to assert that the main task of genuine epistemology is exclusively the study ...

... Osnovy metafiziki nravstvennosti [Fundamentals of the Metaphysics of Morals], Т. 4 (1), Moscow, p. 219—310.<br />3. Oyzerman, T. I. 2008, Kategoricheskij imperativ Kanta kak predmet kriticheskogo analiza [Kant's categorical imperative as a subject of critical analysis], Kantovsky sbornik, no. 1 (27), p. 21—30.<br />4. Rawls, J. 1995, Teorija spravedlivosti [Theory of Justice], Novosibirsk.<br />5. Guyer, P. 1995, The Possibility of Categorical Imperative, The Philosophical ...

... Metaphysics of Morals. He emphasises that freedom is not justified and postulates a transcendental structure similar to the unity of transcendental apperception in order to unify all volitions of an agent and make the initial application of freedom possible. ... ... and Moral Regeneration. Cambridge University Press.18. Mill, J. S., 2002. The Basic Writings of J. S. Mill: On Liberty, the Subjection of Women, & Utilitarianism. New York: The Modern Library.19. Morgan, S., 2005. The Missing Formal Proof of Humanity’s ...

... considered as another virtue. Justifying their actions with empirical observations, politicians violate legal rules. Thus, they are subject to the same propensities that they find so frightening in the population. The philosopher, although agreeing with the ... ... [The Cognitive Approach to Argumentation], in: Racio. ru. [Ratio. ru] 2009. No. 2. С. 2—22. 3. Zilber, A. S. 2016, Naskol'ko transcendental'ny Kantovy principy publichnogo prava? [How transcendental are Kant’s principles of public law?], in: Kantovskij ...

This article presents a comparative analysis of the “critical programmes” of Joachim Jungius and I. Kant. J. Jungius’s “criticism” is characterised as methodological, whereas that of Kant as reflective. Kant’s “transcendental criticism” is based on transcendental reflection, whereas J. Jungius’s “methodological criticism” requires that critique is grounded in immediate rather than reflective knowledge. Kant is a subjectivist, whereas J. Jungius is an ...

An unrecognised copy (1665) in Kant’s private library of Michael Piccart’s Isagoge (1605), an introduction to the system of Aristotelian philosophy together with Kant’s own remarks on this author (Refl 4160, AA 17, p. 439) can be established as an original source for the Kantian ‘ideosphere’. First, I point out contexts and consequences of Piccart’s Altdorfian Aristotelianism, in contrast to the Königsbergian Aristotelianism (emphasised by Tonelli’s research). To further check the quality of Piccart...

... from the works of J. F. Courtine and L. Tengelyi I single out two aspects of Schelling’s doctrine that are relevant to my subject: (1) the priority of existence over essence in God’s being and (2) the fundamental irreducibility of God to a necessarily ... ... 2 (Descartes et l’Allemagne), pp. 37-250. Protopopov, I. A., 2012. The Problem of Ontological Proof and the Concept of the Transcendental Ideal in Philosophy of Kant. Einai. Filosofiya. Religiya. Kul’tura [Einai. Philosophy. Religion. Culture], 1 ...

... B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kitcher, P., 2015. Bewusstsein. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr, S. Bacin, Hg. 2015. Kant-Lexikon, Band 1. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 281-285. Krouglov, A. N., 2005. Did Kant have a transcendent subject? In: Istoriko-filosofskii ezhegodnik 2004 [History of Philosophy Yearbook 2004]. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 279-295. (In Rus.) Leibniz, G. W., 1989a. On What is Independent of Sense and of Matter (Letter to Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia, 1702). In: ...

... expression that has meaning, is determined by the objectively ideal character of the meanings (“rules”) given through the subject’s intellectual acts. The main task is to fix with a maximum degree of accuracy what is “seen” in consciousness. ... ... Spirit. Translated by A. V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Husserl, E., 1970. The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy. Translated by D. Carr. Evanston: Northwestern University ...

... notions of what exactly purposiveness is, as well as by calls for practical activity in the course of which nature should be the subject of some tweaking. To bolster this hypothesis I turn to the teaching of Nikolay Fyodorov, the father of Russian cosmism,... ... Biomedical Sciences, 37(4), pp. 735-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2006.09.007 . Schelling, F. W. J., 1997. System of Transcendental Idealism. Translated by P. Heath with an Introduction by M. Vater. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia....

.... 17. Turbayne C. M. Kant´s refutation of dogmatic Idealism // Philosophical Quarterly. 1955. Vol. 5 (20). P. 225—244. 18. Zeltner H. Idealismus // Historische Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Basel ; Stuttgart,1976. Bd. 4. Trotsak A. idealism, subjective idealism, transcendental idealism, external world 14-22

... Positivism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Konovalova, E. N., 2010. Immanuel Kant and the Development of the Idea of Subjectivity in Russian Ecclesiastical-Academic Philosophy. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. 2(50), pp. 58-64.... ... Journal, 40(1), pp. 97-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2021-1-3 . Soboleva, M. E., 2017. Analytical Kant Studies, Transcendental Idealism, and the Thing in Itself. Kantian Journal, 36(4), pp. 88-99. https://doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2017-4-6 ...

... research field of metaphilosophy. Several aspects of Kant’s conception of philosophy and its metaphilosophical value are the subject of current debates, such as the taxonomy of philosophy, relation between empirical and non-empirical philosophy, relation ... .... Kant’s Metaphilosophy. Open Philosophy, 4(1), pp. 292-310. https://doi.org/10.1515/op phil-2020-0190. Lewin, M., 2021b. Transcendental Philosophy as a Scientific Research Programme. Kantian Journal, 40(3), pp. 93-126. https://doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2021-3-4 ...

... test. Such an examination, to be fair and appropriate to the leading aspects of the two philosophers, has to bear in mind from the very beginning the deep differences of these leading aspects: Kant concentrates on the formal structure and the strictly subjective status of time as a form of intuition, Heidegger concentrates on the roles time plays in the daily human world orientation. Under these methodical and conceptional pre-suppositions a close examination must come the result, that both conceptions ...

Neo-Kantianism is traditionally seen as a philosophy that was formed to develop and actualise Kant’s philosophy and Kantian transcendental methodology. However, Kant was the determining, but by no means the only, influence on the emergence of the neo-Kantian ... ... Leading Kant Scholar of Modern Russia. Kantian Journal, 2(56), pp. 10-15. (In Rus.) Bykova, M. F., 2006. The Concept of the Subject in Fichte’s Philosophy, Istoriko-filosofskii ezhegodnik 2006, pp. 151-179. (In Rus.) Cohen, H., 1877. Kants Begründung ...

... in his third Critique, with their principle fortuitous purposiveness, can be considered as the basis for a new foundation of metaphysics. According to Kant’s limitation of cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ideas is impossible. This leads to a kind of “negative theology” of the highest principle and the supersensible as a whole. The reasons are rooted in the character of propositional thought, which can only circumscribe a singular, supersensible ...

... pp. 31-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2018-3-2 . Komarov, S. V., 2006. The Concept of Appearance in Kant: Meaning and Significance. Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 12(4), pp. 165-175. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2005. Did Kant Have a Transcendental Subject? In: History of Philosophy Yearbook 2004. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 279-295. (In Rus.) Marshall, C., 2013. Kant’s One Self and the Appearance / Thing-in-itself Distinction. Kant-Studien, 104(4), pp. 421-441. Motroshilova, N. V., 2010. “Phenomenon”,...

... influence of Euler at the end of the fifties of the eighteenth century and finally leads to his writing of 1768 and the adoption of transcendental idealism in 1770. In the following, I depict this asynchronicity by taking central pre-critical writings into account ... ... Leibnitz, and Dr. Clarke, In the Years 1715 and 1716. London. Euler, L., 1802. Letters of Euler to a German Princess, on Different Subjects in Physics and Philosophy. New York: Murray and Highley. Euler, L., 2015. Reflections on Space and Time. In: Euler Archiv ...

... for the History of Philosophy, 25, pp. 533-555. Förster, E., 1989. Kants Selbstsetzungslehre. In: E. Förster, 1989. Kant’s Transcendental Deductions. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 217-238. Förster, E., 2000. Kant’s Final Synthesis. An ... ... Forces and Assessment of the Demonstrations that Leibniz and Other Scholars of Mechanics Have Made Use of in this Controversial Subject, Together with Some Prefatory Considerations Pertaining to the Force of Bodies in General. In: I. Kant. Natural Science,...

... Points 1) to 3) address Christ as a prototype/archetype (Urbild) — awakening and making possible a moral redefinition of the subject — while point 4) addresses Christ as an example (Vorbild) — sustaining and entertaining the moral redefinition as ... ... Cambridge University Press. pp. 156-174. Longuenesse, B., 1998. Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Louden, R. B., 2000. Kant’s ...

... Wrocławskiego. Kosch, M., 2006. Freedom and Reason in Kant, Schelling and Kierkegaard. Oxford: Calderon Press, Oxford University Press. Kozyra, W., 2018. Kant o woli i wolności. Edukacja Filozoficzna, 65(1), pp. 95-116. Lord, B., 2011. Kant and Spinozism: Transcendental Idealism and Immanence from Jacobi to Deleuze. London: Palgrave. Ludwig, B., 2014. Die Freiheit des Willens und die Freiheit zum Bösen: Inhaltliche Inversionen und terminologische Ausdifferenzierungen in Kants Moralphilosophie zwischen ...

... justice on the Zeitgeist and the opinions of the masses. The interviewee calls freedom the supreme human value, advocates the idea of a democratic constitutional state (he considers the principles of a social state as a mission of the state rather than a subjective right of citizens), and argues that dictatorship and tyranny deserve resistance. Prof. Dr. Höffe gives detailed definitions of the notions of transcendental exchange, categorical legal principles, enlightened liberal democracy, and a world republic. This interview will supplement the body of Prof. Dr. Höffe’s works that have already been translated into Russian. Hegel, G. W. F. 1979,...

... highest essence, possible types of arguments for the existent of God and their limitations etc. The first part is called “Transcendental theology”. It is of limited research interest, since it largely follows contemporary textbooks (first of all,... ... Theology” is of considerable research interest, since it departs from the textbook material and presents Kant’s own ideas on the subject. This manuscript is dated winter semester 1783/84, i. e. the period between the first edition of the Critique of Pure ...

... thecreative spirit. He sees the completion of Kant’s critical philosophy in the psychological bases of subjectivity of consciousness aimed at understanding the patterns of the scientific, moral, and artistic cognition. In the context of history of transcendentalism, art is perceived as a form of spiritualcreativity that is subject to its own generating laws of cultural creation. It is emphasised that, in P. Natorp’s system, the aesthetic has its own creative dynamics based on the feelings of the individual immediately connected with the aesthetic experience: it is only ...