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... philosophy: (i) ‘pure logic’ vs. ‘applied logic’; (ii) ‘rational psychology’ vs. ‘empirical psychology’; (iii) ‘pure metaphysics of nature’ vs. ‘physics’ and (iv) ‘pure morality’ or a ‘metaphysics of morals’ vs. ‘moral anthropology’, ‘practical anthropology’ or ‘applied moral philosophy’. Based on this, I identify four key differences between pure and impure philosophy. Second, I critically examine four different readings of Kant’s views about the status ...

... paradoxes. After 1970, coercion to abandon coercion by each individual was closely linked to the topic of social and political transformational advancing progress. Although, in the article on enlightenment, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, and Anthropology, Kant provides a deep philosophical and existential interpretation of revolution as a true transformation of the way of thinking (Denkungsart), disposition (Gesinnung), the inner world of the self (Innern), and transformations relating to the formation of noumenal nature. ...

This article proves that Kant’s philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over theoretical reason. The humanity ...

The possibilities for improvement of the first volumes of the Academic edition of Kant’s works are discussed. The collegiality and deliberativeness of the researchers and institutions, involved in Kantian studies, which allowed for the high quality of early volumes, is absent today. The responsible institutions and publishers do not react to information regarding even the most obvious shortcomings and mistakes that could be easily corrected, while the plans for future reprints are based predominantly...

... translated by D. L. Colclasure. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 150-163. Kant, I., 2006b. Toward Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch. In: I. Kant, 2006. Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History. Edited and ... ... introduction by P. Kleingeld; translated by D. L. Colclasure. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 67-109. Kant, I., 2007a. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by R. B. Louden. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education....

... the Notes on the Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime. In: I. Kant, 2005. Notes and Fragments. Edited by P. Guyer; translated by C. Bowman, P. Guyer and F. Rauscher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-24. Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by R. B. Louden. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zӧller and R. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429. Kerstein, S., 2013. How to Treat ...

... Edited by G. Zöllner and R. B. Louden., translated by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-120. Kant, I., 2007c. Review of J. G. Herder’s Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Humanity. Parts 1 and 2. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöllner and R. B. Louden., translated by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 121-142. Kleingeld, P., 2007. Kant’s Second Thoughts on Race. The Philosophical Quarterly, 57(229). pp. 573-592. Kozyrev, A.P., 2007. Solov’jov i gnostiki [Solovyov and the Gnostics]. Moscow: Izdatel’ Savin S.A. (In Rus.) Latour, B., 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: ...

This article proves that the philosophical system of Kant is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity ...

This article proves that Kant's philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity ...

... notion of immaturity, which is now interpreted from the philosophical and theological perspective and has become one of key philosophical notions. However, Kant’s view is fraught with certain complications: firstly, it is dominated by negative characteristics; ... ... the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understanding of others.In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive ...

The archive of Gustav Shpet contains scattered preparatory materials for his works. Some of these handwritten rough drafts are devoted to Immanuel Kant. These jottings enable us to take a new look at possible trajectories of philosophical anthropology. The main goal of this article is to show, on the one hand, the modern relevance of Kant’s reflections on the essence of the human being and, on the other hand, the productiveness of their critical reinterpretation by Shpet. In effect, ...

... understanding of aims and values of a political process (which is, however, quite remote from the pluralism and individualism of some contemporary theories) is balanced by his reservations concerning the prospects of their realization, based on his «empirical anthropology», which is remarkably close to conservative skepticism. Kant's liberalism lies in the domain that he called «pure» or «metaphysical», whereas his «empirical», «real-world» estimation of the prospects of liberal project is approaching ...

... Progress Publishers, pp. 419-423. Plekhanov, G. V., 1976g. On Mr Heinrich Rickert’s Book. In: G. Plekhanov, 1976. Selected Philosophical Works, Volume 3. Moscow: Progress Publishers, pp. 481-486. Rickert, H., 1911. Nauki o prirode i nauki o kul’ture ... ... ekonomika, pp. 35-44. (In Rus.) Steila, D., 1991. Genesis and Development of Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge: A Marxist Between Anthropological Materialism and Physiology. Dordrecht: Springer Science + Business Media. Windelband, W., 1910. Filosofija v nemeckoj ...

... [On the old and the new]. St. Petersburg. 47. Khoruzhii, S. S., 2005. Ocherki sinergiinoi antropologii [Essays on synergistic anthropology]. Moscow. 48. Khoruzhii, S. S., 2012. Issledovaniya po isikhastskoi traditsii. T. 2: K femenologii askezy [Research ... ... Moscow. 51. Il'ichev, L. F., Fedoseev, P. N., Kovalev, S. M., Panov, V. G., eds., 1983. Filosofskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar' [Philosophical encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow. p. 800. conceptualisation, conceptual comparative studies, transfer, transferology,...

The analysis of Rawls’ anthropological model, underlying his theory of justice, reveals its complex basis: on one hand, it is an attempt to attach broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “ratonal egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions ...

The analysis of Rawls’ anthropological model, underlying his theory of justice, reveals its complex basis: on one hand, it is an attempt to attach broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “rational egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions ...

... Pragmatism: A new name for some old ways of thinking: Popular lec­tu­res on philosophy by William James . New York. Kaindl, K., 1995. Die Oper als Textgestalt: Perspektiven einer interdisziplinären Über­setzungswissenschaft . Tübingen. Kant, I., 2024. Anthropology in a pragmatic sense. In: N. A. Dmitrieva, A. G. Zha­voronkov, A. N. Kruglov and V. A. Chaly, eds. Sochineniya po antropologii, filosofii po­litiki i filosofii religii v trekh tomakh. T. 1: Sochineniya po antropologii [Essays on anthro­po­logy,...

This essay concerns an unusual note of Kant’s that has been available in Hamburg since the 1920s but otherwise neglected in the Kant literature. This small 8 x 6.3 cm sheet belonged to the manuscript collector Oskar Ulex (1852—1934), who appears to have bought it from a dealer in France. Writing covers both sides of the sheet, with moral theology discussed on one side, and the cosmological proof on the other. A transcription and description of the sheet is provided, followedby a “Question & Answer”...

... theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result in different understandings of freedom — for Nozik it is the basic property of human nature, for Kant it is the result of entering the civil condition; c) the incommensurability of anthropological presuppositions and basic notions distorts the meaning of Kantian formula of categorical imperative when transplanted into an alien philosophical context. 1. Кант И. Метафизика нравов // Соч. : в 8 т. М., 1994. Т. 6. С. 5—223. 2. Кант И. Основоположение к метафизике нравов // Там же. Т. 4. С. 153—246. ...

... York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Translated and edited by R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kitcher, P.... ... On What is Independent of Sense and of Matter (Letter to Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia, 1702). In: G. W. Leibniz, 1989. Philosophical Papers and Letters. A Selection. Translated and edited, with an Introduction, by L. E. Loemker, 2nd Edition. Dordrecht,...

... Enlightenment; naturalism in philosophy; empiricism, natural history, law, religion, economy; human nature; transcendental anthropology Kalinnikov L. 38-45 10.5922/0207-6918-2014-2-3 [text]1. Veber, M. 1994, Teoriya stupeney i napravleny religioznogo ... .... W. F. Sochineniya [Works], Moscow, t. 4.3. Gegel, G. W. F. 1975, Entsiklopediya filosofskikh nauk [The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences], Moscow, t. 1.4. Kant, I. 1966а, Ideya vseobshchey istorii vo vsemirno-grazhdanskom plane [Idea for a ...

.... Latinoteutonicum et teutonicolatinum / Hrsg. von K. Aso, M. Kurosaki, T. Otabe, S. Yamauchi. Tokio, 1989. 31. Vasilyev V. Philosophical Psychology in the Age of Enlightenment. M., 2010. 32. Watkins E. Fr om Pre-established Harmony to Physical Influx: ... ... Werke / Hrsg. und bearbeitet von J. École. Abt. 1, Bd. 2. Hildesheim, 2009. 35. Zammito J. H. Kant, Herder, and the Birth of Anthropology. Chicago, 2002. 36. Zedler J. H. Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon. Bd. 20. Halle, 1739. mind-body problem,...

This research aims to present a coherent analysis of so-called “doctrinal hermeneutics” by examining notable passages from Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason and the Critique of the Power of Judgment. It is first shown that doctrinal hermeneutics essentially relies on symbolic hypotyposis, which can be understood as thinking by analogy supplemented with a reference to intuition. Here, both an historical and a contemporary interpretation inform the reconstruction of what Kant understands by...

I discuss the relation of linguistics and semiotics on the basis of the Old Russian discourse particle TI1 ‘indeed’, ‘verily’, ‘truly’ discovered by Andrej A. Zaliznjak in 1993. Linguistics and semiotics are different research programmes: the first one deals with specific features of language structures, while the second one discusses general characteristics of all sign systems, from a perspective of interpreting most or all of them as secondary respective to natural language. Formal models of language...

... Press, pp. 365-603. Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by R. B. Louden. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429.... .... (In Rus.) Kant in Russia, Sergei Vedrov, Ivan Andreyevsky, Robert von Mohl, Konstantin Nevolin, legal state, police law, philosophical reception Rozhin D.O. 107-131 10.5922/0207-6918-2025-1-5

The article considers the ethical and anthropological component of double discourse in V. Nabokov’s novel Despair. The author considers the problem of comparison between a person and a thing addressed by Nabokov. Parallels to the doppelganger discussion and ethical criticism in Russian ...

... Leviathan. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by J. C. A. Gaskin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. James, W., 1979. The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life. In: W. James, 1979. The Will to Believe, and other Essays in Popular Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: ... ... Cosmopolitan Point of View in History? In: J. Schaffner and H. Wardle, eds. 2017. Cosmopolitics: The Collected Papers of the Open Anthropology Cooperative, Volume I. St. Andrews: Open Anthropology Cooperative Press, 2017, pp. 72-88. Categorical Imperative,...

... R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-120. Kant, I., 2007b. Lectures on Pedagogy. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 437-485.... ... (Richard Rorty, Charles Taylor, Tu Weiming). In: L. Nagl, 2021. Toward a Global Discourse on Religion in a Secular Age. Essays on Philosophical Pragmatism. Wien: LIT, pp. 45-62. Nagl-Docekal, H., 2014a. Learning to Listen or Why Morality Calls for Liberal ...

... by A. W. Wood and G. di Giovanni. Introduction by R. M. Adams. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 31-192. Kleingeld, P., 2001. Nature or Providence? On the Theoretical and Moral Importance of Kant’s Philosophy of History. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 75(2), pp. 201-219. Kobusch, T., 2006. Christliche Philosophie. Die Entdeckung der Subjektivität. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. Kobusch, T., 2018. Selbstwerdung und Personalität. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Körtner,...

In his treatise On General Speculative Philosophy, J. N. Tetens sets out to justify the possibility and necessity of metaphysics as a general speculative science. His primary objective is to defend metaphysics against the opponents, the most serious of which, in Tetens’s opinion, is D. Hume. In this connection, Tetens sharply criticises traditional empiricism and develops a new perspective on experience and the bases of its certainty. The main target of his critique is ‘popular philosophy’, which...

... Ju Antonovskiy, eds. 2021. Vos’moy Rossijskij filosofskij kongress “Filosofia v politsentrichnom mire” [The 8th Russian Philosophical Congress “Philosophy in a Polycentric World”. Sections (I)]. Moscow: Logos, “Novye pechatnye technologii”,... ... Critical Philosophy. European Journal of Philosophy, 30(1), pp. 148-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12654 Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and ...

Gesetzmäßig ist, dass sich «die Philosophie des Wertes» in der konsequentesten und systematisierten Art gerade in der Tradition von Kant formiert. Für Kant ist die menschliche Persönlichkeit bei all ihrer Einzigartigkeit weder ethisch, noch ästhetisch in sich geschlossen. Die Entwicklung der axiologischen Ansichten Kants entwickelte sich je nach seinem Begreifen der allgemein-menschlichlichen Grundlagen der Werte. Zu einer unvergänglichen Errungenschaft Axiologie Kants ist seine Behauptung der humanistischen...

... University Press. Kant, I., 2007b. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by R. B. Louden. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöllner, R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429.... ... the Epoch. The Thematic Unity of Russian Philosophy]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Rus.) Shchedrina, T. G., 2010. Gustav Speth as a Philosopher of Science: The Experience of Antidogmatic Teaching. In: G. G. Shpet, 2010. Filosofiya i nauka [Philosophy and Science]....

... edited by H. Allison and P. Heath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 29-170. Kant, I., 2005. Notes and Fragments. Translated by C. Bowman, P. Guyer and F. Rauscher, edited by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429. Kant, I., 2016. Drafts for the Metaphysics of Morals. In: ...

The article considers the anthropological problems of gender, proceeding from the interaction of natural and spiritual world content. The author reveals the specific character of Vasily Rosanov‘s views on the meaning of sexual relations. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. О ...

... межрелигиозных конфликтов. URL : http :// isras . ru / abstract _ bank /1208457227.pdf 8.      Фромм Э. Психоанализ и религия // Сумерки богов. М., 1989. Lugovoy S. V. Kant's philosophy of religion, philosophical anthropology, morality, religious conflicts. 33-40

... War // Current Issues in Political Philosophy. Vienna, 1997. P. 394—403. 7. Whyte B. Waiting for the Esquimo: an historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh : PhD thesis // Research Paper. № 8. School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies. Melbourne, 2002. 8. Whyte B. Bordering on the Ridiculous? A Comparison of the Baarle and Cooch Behar Enclaves // The Globe. 2002. № 53. P. 43—61. 9. Whyte B. “En territoire Belge et a quarante centimetres ...

... okruzhenie: v 2 kn. [A. A. Fet and His Literary Circle: In 2 Books]. Book 2. Moscow: Institute of World Literature RAS, pp. 233-550. (In Rus.) Kalinnikov, L. A., 2016. Filosofsko-poeticheskoe mirovozzrenie A.A. Feta. Vliyanie I. Kanta i A. Schopenhauera [Philosophical and Poetic Worldview of A. A. Feta. Influence of I. Kant and A. Schopenhauer]. Kaliningrad: IKBFU Press. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429. Krouglov, A. N., 2012. Kant i kantovskaya filosofiya v russkoj ...

... Publizität bei Kant. Con-Textos Kantianos, 4, pp. 70-88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.163990 . Zilber, A. S., 2020. Polemika v politicheskoj filosofii Kanta: istoriko-filosofskij kontekst [Polemics in Kant’s Political Philosophy: Historical and Philosophical Context]. Dissertation. Kaliningrad: s.n. (In Rus.). Zilber, A. S., 2021. Mechanisms, Bees, Forest: Kant’s Political and Anthropological Metaphors and Their Meaning. In: A. V. Smirnov, ed. 2021. Vos’moj Rossijskij Filosofskij Kongress “Filosofija v policentrichnom mire”. Sekcii (I) [Eighth Russian Philosophical Congress “Philosophy in a Polycentric World”. Sections ...

..., 2009. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by R. B. Louden. In: G. Zöller and R. B. Louden, eds. 2009. Anthropology, History, and Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 231-429. Longuenesse, B., 2000. Kant and the ... .... Essays on Kant, Hegel, and Sellars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McLear, C., 2011. Kant on Animal Consciousness. Philosophers’ Imprint, 11(15), pp. 1-16, [online]. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3521354.0011.015 [Accessed ...

... Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. The Cambdrige Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant. Translated and edited by R. B. Louden,... ... Experiments’ of Kant’s Religion: Dismantling the Conundrum. Kantian Review, 22(1), pp. 107-131. Reardon, B. M. G., 1988. Kant as Philosophical Theologian. New York: Palgrave. Ryan, S., 2015. In Defense of Moral Evidentialism. Logos and Episteme, 6(4), pp....

... Cambridge University Press, pp. 54-60. Kharitonova, А. М., 2016. Medical Anthropology in the 18th Century and Development of Anthropology Discipline. Voprosy Filosofii, 6, pp. 96-106. Kharitonova, А. М., 2016. Understanding the Human Body in the German-speaking ... ... Salfeld. Tosch, F., 2016. Rochow. In: H. Klemme, M. Kuehn, eds. 2016. The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. 3rd edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 633-635. Tschirnhaus, E. W., 1695. Medicina mentis sive artis inveniendi ...

...., 1985. Structural analysis in linguistics and anthropology. In: K. Levi-Stross, ed. Strukturnaya antropologiya [Structural Anthropology]. Moscow: Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoi literatury (in Russ.). Leuta, O. N., 2009. Yu. M. Lotman on the three functions ... ... presentation in AIPS]. Tallinn: Eesti Informatsiooni Instituut (in Russ.). Lotman, M. Yu., 1995. Behind the text: notes on the philosophical background of Tartu semiotics. In: Lotmanovskii sbornik [Lotman collection]. Vol. 1. Moscow: Its-Ga­rant (in Russ....

... article analyses the impact of Kant's ideas on the development of logic and University philosophy in Russia. The integrity of philosophy, psychology (pedagogy), and logic until the early 20th century implied that Kant's ideas influenced logic via its philosophical foundations (empiricism versus the rationalistic aspects of Kant's philosophy). It was especially evident in the interpretations of logic in terms of psychologism and anthropologism ensuing from empiricism. 1. Андреев А. Ю. Лекции по истории Московского университета (1755—1855). М., 2001. 2. Бажанов В. А. История логики в России и СССР....

... und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen überhaupt, anderer Theil, bestehend in ausführlichen Anmerckungen, und zu besserem Verstande und bequemerem Gebrauche derselben. Frankfurt am Main, 1740. 41. Zammito J. H. Kant, Herder, and the Birth of Anthropology. Chicago, 2002. 42. Zedler J. H. Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon. Bd. 20. Halle, 1739. matter, physical body (Körper), human body (Leib), machine, soul, dualism, anthropology, cartesianism, occasionalism, influxus physicus theory,...

... History and Moral Progress in the Philosophy of Immanuel Kant. New York: SUNY Press.3. Bernstein, R. J., 2002. Radical Evil: A Philosophical Interrogation. Polity Press.4. Caswell, M., 2006. The Value of Humanity and Kant’s Conception of Evil. Journal ... ... 58(3), pp. 571—84.6. Felicitas Munzel, G., 1999. Kant’s Conception of Moral Character: The “Critical” Link of Morality, Anthropology, and Reflective Judgment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.7. Frierson, P., 2010. Kantian Moral Pessimism....

... li “Novoe I legkoe dokazatelstvo filosofskogo kriticizma?” [Whether the argumentation in the “New and easy proof of the philosophical criticism”?], Jurnal Ministerctva narodnogo prosveschenija [Journal of the Ministry of national edu¬cation], ... ... filosofskogo znanija (Lejbnic, Kant, Losskij) [Intuition as an internal prerequisite of philosophy (Leibniz, Kant, Lossky), URL: http://anthropology.ru/ru/person/malevannyy-dv/text/intuiciya-kak-vnutrennee- uslovie-filosofskogo-znaniya-leybnic-kant-losskiy (data ...

... Sudakov 2013a — Sudakov A. K. Etiko-filosofskaya antinomiya osnovaniy v kantovskoy teorii semeynogo prava (The ethical and philosophical antinomy of foundations in Kant’s theory of family law) // Kantovskiy sbornik, Kaliningrad, issue 2(44). 2013.... ... brachnogo prava v plenu yasycheskoy antropologii (Communion of persons: Kant’s theory of Matrimonial Law in the Grip of a pagan Anthropology) // Kantovskiy sbornik, Kaliningrad, issue 3 (45). 2013. P. 33—49. 8. Sudakov 2015 — Sudakov A. K. Triyedinyj ...

Both the categories and principles of understanding as well as the ideas and principles of reason build transcendental elements to conceive transcendental philosophy as a philosophical system. Accordingly, in addition to the “Transcendental Analytic”, Kant develops in the “Transcendental Dialectic” an expanded concept of the transcendental. The transcendental ideas do not denote object-constitutive principles but,...

... determination of human knowledge and behaviour in a broad context of empiricism and relativism (development theory) has no bearing on Kant’s theory. Absolute apriorism as understood in mathematics and physics is an instance of Kant’s universal ‘anthropological’ apriorism and his understanding of the human being, morals, law, and history rather than the seeming ‘absolutisation’ of the Euclidean geometry and Newtonian mechanics. The possibility of metaphysics and the philosophical understanding of science is in knowing the human being. Understanding the essence of science requires grasping the scale of human dignity and the dignity and purpose of philosophy. The project of transcendental metaphysics remains relevant ...