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... Otkryvaya yazyk zanovo. Ot nerealistichnoi lingvistiki k real'noi nauke o yazyke. Ot strukturalizma i kognitivizma k ekologicheskomu realizmu: no­vaya povestka dnya v yazykoznanii [Rediscovering Language: From non-realist linguis­tics to a realistic language science. From structuralism and cognitivism to ecological realism. (A new agenda in linguistics)] . Мoscow (in Russ.). Kravchenko, A. V., 2020a. Author’s response: Codes, interpretation, meaning: Why language matters. Constructivist Foundations , 15 (2), pp. 159—163....

... 1—30, https://doi . org/10.1515/9783110911114. Hjelmslev, L., 1960. Prolegomena to the theory of language. In: Novoe v lingvistike [New in linguistics]. Vol. 1. Moscow, pp. 264—389 (in Russ.). Humboldt, W. von., 2000. On the difference in the structure of human languages and its influence on the spiritual development of mankind. In: Izbrannye trudy po yazykoznaniyu [Selected works on linguistics]. Moscow, pp. 37—298 (in Russ.). Jakobson, R., 1975. Linguistics and poetics. In: Strukturalizm: «za» i «protiv» ...

... mechanism. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal], 296. pp. 49—54 (in Russ.). Skeat, W. W., ed., 1927. A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford. Stepanov, Yu. S., 1973. Semiotic structure of language (three functions and three formal instruments of language). Izvestiya AN SSSR. Seriya literatury i yazyka [The Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Studies in Literature and Langua­ge], 4, pp. 340—355 (in Russ.). van Dijk, T....

... semiotics on the basis of the Old Russian discourse particle TI1 ‘indeed’, ‘verily’, ‘truly’ discovered by Andrej A. Zaliznjak in 1993. Linguistics and semiotics are different research programmes: the first one deals with specific features of language structures, while the second one discusses general characteristics of all sign systems, from a perspective of interpreting most or all of them as secondary respective to natural language. Formal models of language deal with classes of elements and predict ...

... 113—122. 20. Letuchii, A. B., 2017. Russian adverbs with the meaning of time only, only just, just that: the meaning of the recent past and the resultant meaning. Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Issues of linguistics], 1, pp. 53—73. 21. Lyapon, M. V., 1982. The structure of the relationship and the situational conditions for its implementation in a complex sentence. In: Russkii yazyk: Tekst kak tseloe i komponenty teksta. (Vinogradovskie chteniya XI) [Russian language: Text as a whole and text components. (Vinogradov readings XI). Moscow. pp. 63—77. 22. Makarenko, E. V. On the meaning and function of separative and adversative unions in a polypredicative complex sentence. In: Nepolnoznachnye slova kak sredstvasvyazi....

... action-thoughts in the cogni­tive domain of language. It is emphasized that the construction of a temporal sequence that unites what is and what already or still is not, is possible only in linguistic semiosis. The analogy with Husserl’s tripartite structure of the time-consciousness flow helps elucidate the triad ‘present-past-future’ as an instance of the epistemological trap of language: ‘past’ and ‘future’ are mental constructs that belong to the present just as any other act of thinking. Arendt, H., 1998. The Human Condition. Chicago. Arutunova, N. D., 1999. Yazyk i mir cheloveka [Language and the Human World]. Moscow ...

... argues that the gradual codification of the Балли variant was a result of ideological discussions in Soviet linguistics held in the 1920—1950s. 1. Admoni, V. G., 1956. Development of the syntactic theory in the West in the ХХ century and structuralism. Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Questions of linguistics], 6, pp. 48—64. 2. Balli, Sh., 1995. Obshchaya lingvistika i voprosy frantsuzskogo yazyka [General linguistics and questions of the French language]. Moscow. 3. Balli, Sh., 1961. Frantsuzskaya stilistika [French stylistics]. Moscow. 4. Budagov, R., 1955. Sharl Balli and his work in general and french linguistics. In: Sh. Balli Obshchaya lingvistika i voprosy frantsuzskogo yazyka [General ...

This article addresses the problem of identifying hidden borrowings in the Russian language of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The authors pay particular attention to expressions that convey meanings whose semiotic 'form' utilises linguistic elements pre-existing in the recipient language. The mechanism of embedding a semantic ...

... po slavyanskoi mifologii i etnolingvistike [Language and folk culture. Essays on Slavic mythology and ethnolinguistics]. Moscow. 44. Fattakhova, N. N., Kul'kova, M. A., 2013. Narodnye primety v raznostrukturnykh yazykakh [Folk features in different structure languages]. Moscow. 45. Frolova, O. E., 2007. Mir, stoyashchii za tekstom: Referentsial'nye mekhanizmy poslovits, anekdota, volshebnoi skazki i avtorskogo povestvovatel'nogo khudozhestvennogo teksta [The world behind the text: Referential mechanisms of ...

... principles of data collection and data processing from the predecessor projects. At the same time, Routinicon collects phraseological units of a different type than these databases, and their description requires a fundamentally different annotation structure. The article discusses the principles and features of this annotation, as well as its potential for the intralingual classification of Russian language routines and its applicability to the corresponding material of other languages — laying the groundwork for future typological studies. Italian language examples collected by the authors are used for illustrations. Aijmer, K., 2014....

... znanie. Na puti polucheniya znanii o yazyke: chasti rechi s kognitivnoi tochki zreniya. Rol' yazyka v poznanii mira [Language and knowledge. On the path of acquiring knowledge of language: parts of speech from a cognitive point of view. The role of language in the knowledge of the world]. Moscow (in Russ.). Labov, W., 1978. Denotational structure. In: D. Farkas, W. Jacobsen and K. Tod­rys, eds. Parasession on the Lexicon . Chicago, pp. 220—260. Langacker, R., 1991. Concept, image, and symbol: the cognitive basis of grammars . Ber­lin; Paris. Levitsky, A. E., 2009. Development ...

... devices bor­rowed from cinematic art proves the inimitability of the effect of the same device within the total conceptual structure of each text. Some of the propositions suggested are il­lustrated by excerpts of poetic translation done by the authors ... ... in comprehension, précis and composition. London. Arnold, I. V., 2016. Stilistika. Angliysky yazyk [Stylistics. The English Language]. Mos­cow (in Russ.). Barthes, R., 1977. The Death of the Author. In: Image, music, text. London, pp. 142—148. Bely,...

... route directions (in the English language). Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya [Tomsk State University Jour­nal of Philology], 54, pp. 117—124, https://doi.org/10.17223/19986645/54/7 (in Russ.). Pustejovsky, J., 2011. The structure of meaning. In: P. C. Hogan, ed. The Camb­ridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences . Cambridge; N. Y.; Melbourne et al., pp. 23—34. Roberts, C., 2012. Information structure: Towards an integrated formal theory of pragmatics. Semantics and Pragmatics , 5, pp. 1—69, https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.5.6 . Smit, U., 2010....

... Natsional'nyi korpus russkogo yazyka [The Russian National Corpus], 2024. Avai­lab­le at: https://ruscorpora.ru/ [Accessed 25 August 2024] (in Russ.). Odden, D., 2020. Tone. In: R. Vossen and G. J. Dimmendaal, eds. The Oxford Hand­book of African Languages . Oxford, pp. 30—48. Paducheva, E. V., 1984. Communicative sentence structure and the concept of a com­municative paradigm. Nauchno-tekhnicheskaya informatsiya. Ser. 2 [Scientific and technical information. Series 2], 10, pp. 25—31 (in Russ.). Pierrehumbert, J. B . , 1980. The phonology and phonetics of English ...

... semantic and syntactic description of Russian vocabulary]. 2nd ed. Moscow, 544 p. (in Russ.). Morkovkin, V. V., Bogacheva, G. F. and Lutskaya, N. M., 2020. Bol'shoi univer­sal'nyi slovar' russkogo yazyka [Large universal dictionary of the Russian language]. Moscow, 1472 p. (in Russ.). Morkovkin, V. V., ed., 1997. Slovar' strukturnykh slov russkogo yazyka [ Dictionary of the Russian Structural Words ]. Moscow, 422 p. (in Russ.). Russkaya grammatika v 2 t. [Russian grammar: in 2 volumes], 1980. Vol. 1. Mos­cow, 783 p. (in Russ.). imperative speech clichés, non/anti/politeness category, pragmaticisation, speech communication,...

... speech], 1, pp. 42—49 (in Russ.). Shcherbinina, Yu. V., 2006. Verbal'naya agressiya [Verbal aggression]. Moscow (in Russ.). Yakobson, R. O., 1975. Linguistics and Poetics. In: E.Ya. Basin and M.Ya. Polya­kov, eds. Strukturalizm «za» i «protiv» [Structuralism "for" and "against"]. Translated by I. A. Melchuk. Moscow. pp. 193—230 (in Russ.). Adams, F. and Steadman, А., 2004. Intentional Action in Ordinary Language: Core Concept or Pragmatic Understanding? Analysis, 64, pp. 173—181. Bandura, A., 1983. Psychological mechanisms of aggression. In: R. G. Geen and E. Donnerstein, eds. Aggression: Theoretical and empirical reviews. New York. pp. 1—40. Baron,...

... pp. 121—142 (in Russ.). Ivanov, Vyach. Vs., 2004. Lingvistika tret’ego tysyacheletiya: voprosy k budushchemu [Lin­guistics of the Third Millennium: Questions for the Future]. Moscow (in Russ.). Jakobson , R., Santilli , K., 1980. Brain and Language: Cerebral Hemispheres and Lin ­ guis ­ tic Structure in Mutual Light . New York . Jakobson, R. О., 1985. Brain and language. In: Izbrannye raboty [Selected works]. Мoscow, pp. 270—286 (in Russ.). Kull, K., 1999. Towards biosemiotics with Yuri Lotman. Semiotica, 127 (1—4), pp. 115—131....

... prototipy [prototypes]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Kubryakova, E. S., 1986. Nominativnyi aspekt rechevoi deyatel'nosti [The nominative aspect of speech activity]. Moscow (in Russ.). Kubryakova, E. S., 2012. On the term “discourse” and the structure of knowledge behind it. In: V poiskakh sushchnosti yazyka: Kognitivnye issledovaniya [In search of the essence of language: cognitive research]. Moscow, pp. 113—127 (in Russ.). Kukulin, I. V., 2015. Mashiny zashumevshego vremeni. Kak sovetskii montazh stal metodom neofitsial'noi kul'tury [Noisy time machines: how Soviet editing became a method of non-official ...

... Oxford: OUP. Jenkins, J., Cogo, A. and Dewey, M., 2011. Review of developments in research into English as a lingua franca. Language Teaching: Surveys and Studies, 44 (3), pp. 281—315. Jenkins, J., Baker, W. and Dewey, M., eds. 2018. The Routledge ... ... Time for the transcreational turn? Pers ­ pectives , 24 (3), pp. 365—381. Kecskes, I. and Kirner-Ludwig, M., 2019. “Odd structures” in English as a lingua franca discourse. Journal of Pragmatics , 151, pp. 76—90. Langacker, R. W., 1987. Foundations ...

... research perspective of cognitive semiotics. Ural’skiy filologicheskiy vestnik [Ural Philological Bulletin], 2, pp. 37—47 (in Russ.). Kolshanskiy, G. V., 1984. Kommunikativnaya funktsiya i struktura yazyka [The com­mu­nicative function and the structure of language]. Moscow (in Russ.). Langacker, R. W., 1997. Consciousness and Subjectivity. In: M. Stamenov ed. Lan­guage, Structure, Discourse and the Access to Consciousness. Amsterdam: John Benja­mins, pp. 49—76. Langlotz, A., 2015. Language, creativity,...

... lingvistiki, filosofii, iskusstva [In the three-dimensional space of language: Semiotic problems of linguistics, philosophy, art]. Moscow (in Russ.). Weigand, E., 1996. Words and their role in language use. In: E. Weigand and F. Hundsnurscher, eds. Lexical structures and language use: Proceedings of the Interna­tio­nal Conference on lexicology and lexical semantics, Münster, September 13—15, 1994. Tü­bin­gen, pp. 151—167. pragmatics vs. semantics, pragmaticism, possible — world semantics, episte­mic modality,...

... language conflict, as well as its destructive forms, within the lexico-semantic, syntactic, and functional-stylistic units of the language. A conflictual communicative act is viewed as the result of specific failures in speech interaction and the violation ... ... multimodal phenomenon shaped by systemic relations of emotionalism. Discursive contradictions function as key elements of the structural tension in the text, serving as linguistic and semantic dominants or attractors. These contradictions materialize as ...

... Theory of Meanings and Semantic Architectonics of Personality]. Moscow, 198 p. (in Russ.). Ricœur, P., 2008. Ya — sam kak drugoi [Soi-meme comme un autre]. Translated by B. M. Skuratov. Moscow, 416 p. (in Russ.). Rozov, N. S., 2021. The Origin of language: the co-evolution of communicative concerns and sign structures. In: Metod: moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvoved­cheskikh distsiplin [METHOD: Moscow Yearbook of Works from Social Science Disci­plines], 11, pp. 162—193 (in Russ.). Rozov, N. S., 2022. Proiskhozhdenie yazyka i soznaniya. Kak ...

... Press. van Dijk, T. A., 1980. Macrostructures: An Interdisciplinary Study of Global Struc­tures in Discourse, Interaction, and Cognition. Hillsdale, New Jersey. van Dijk, T. A., 1997. Cognitive Context Models and Discourse. In: M. I. Sta­menov, ed. Language Structure, Discourse and the Access to Consciousness. Amsterdam and Philadelphia, pp. 189—226, https://doi.org/10.1075/aicr.12.09dij . Verschueren, J., 1999. Understanding pragmatics. London, https://doi.org/ 10.4324/9780203776476 Verschueren, J.,...

... dead (about two communicative types of speech). Aktual'nye problemy stilistiki [Actual problems of stylistics], 1, pp. 36—43 (in Russ.). Kovtunova, I. I., 1986. Asymmetric dualism of a linguistic sign. In: Problemy struk­turnoi lingvistiki 1983 [Structural linguistics problems 1983]. Moscow, pр.87—108 (in Russ.). Kovtunova, I. I., 1990. Some directions of the evolution of poetic language in the XX century. In: Poeticheskii yazyk i idiostil' [Poetic language and idiostyle]. Moscow, рр. 7—27 (in Russ.). Kovtunova, I. I., 2006. Person category in the language of poetry. In: Poeticheskaya grammatika. [Poetic grammar], 1. Moscow,...

... 2000. Explorations in Linguistic Relativity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 1-25. 17. Kuhn, T., 1996. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 18. Kusch, M., 1988. Husserl and Heidegger ... ..., 2001. Truth in Context: An Essay on Pluralism and Objectivity, Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press. 20. Makeeva, L. B., 2006. Language and Reality. Logos, 57(6), pp. 3-20. (In Russ.) 21. Peckhaus, V., 2004. Schröder’s Logic. In: D. M. Gabbay, J. Woods,...

... Radio Broadcasts. Past Imperfect, 2, pp. 47—72. Fairclough, N., 2010. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London. Fauconnier, G. and Turner, M., 1996. Blending as a Central Process in Grammar. In: A. Goldberg, ed. Conceptual Structure, Discourse and Language. Stanford. pp. 113—130. Genette, G., 1982. Palimpsestes: La litterature au second degre. Paris. Goldberg, R., 1979. Performance: Live Art, 1909 to the Present. New York. Heibach, Ch., 2011. Avant-garde theater as total artwork? Media-theoretical ...

... method in the theory and philosophy of language. He assumed that language had a priori roots and that it was energeia rather than ergon. The active theory of language (social communication) was further developed in the 20th century within the concept of language symbolism, namely, Ernst Cassirer’s system of symbolic forms. It suggests that communicative structures are independent from real facts, since they participate in the construction of these very objective facts. In the conclusion, the author examines several American theories of language (social communication), namely, relativism (Edward Sapir,...

... Materials for the dictionary]. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg, pp. 145—166 (in Russ.). Tomashevsky, B. V., 1959. Stikh i yazyk [Verse and Language]. Moscow; Lenin­grad (in Russ.). Trediakovsky, V. K., 1963. A new and short method for composing Russian po­ems with ... ... [Russian verse of the 18th and early 19th centuries (rhythm)]. Leningrad (in Russ.). syllabics, syllabo-tonic, caesura, accentual structure of verse, meter, rhythm, rhyme, clause Patroeva N.V. 140-166 10.5922/2225-5346-2025-1-9

... the multidi­mensional semantic organization of a text, particularly, I focus on the possibility of using the apparatus of modal semantics to identify the relationship between sentential complexes. To those ends, I employ the concepts of model, model structure, and centred world. The latter is a system of functions that correlate language expressions, the language expressions of a text, states of affairs (possible worlds) described by language expressions, and the contexts in which a text occurs. Existence in the worlds of the text correlates with the possibility of description....

... Visual Culture / Lyrik und zeitgenössische Visuelle Kultur . Ber­lin; Boston, pp. 49—72, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111299334-003 . Feshchenko, V. V., 2022. Yazyk v yazyke. Khudozhestvennyi diskurs i osnovaniya ling­voestetiki [Language within language. Artistic discourse and the foundations of lin­guistic aesthetics]. Moscow (in Russ.). Jakobson, R., 1975. Linguistics and poetics. In: Strukturalizm: «za» i «protiv»: sbor­nik statei [Structuralism: “pro” and “contra”: a collection of articles]. Moscow, pp. 193—230 (in Russ.). Kibrik, A. A., 2009. Mode, genre and other parameters of discourse classification. Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 2, pp....

... discrepancy does not match the divergence between elite and mass culture. Akhapkina, Ya. E., 2015. Peculiarities of the sentence structure in bilinguals’ texts. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Trudy Instituta lingvisticheskikh issledovanii [Acta Linguis­tica ... ... International Migration , 40 (2), pp. 49—70.‏ doi: 10.1111/1468-2435.00190. Aronin, L. and Maccozet, L., 2021. Dominant Language Constellations towards on ­ line computer assisted modelling. International Journal of Multilingualism. doi: 10.1080/ ...

... Izvestiya RAN. Seriya literatury` i yazy`ka [The Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sci­ences: Studies in Literature and Language], 79(3), pp. 24—48 (in Russ.). Shcherbinina, Y. V., 2004. Russkii yazyk: Rechevaya agressiya i puti ee preodoleniya [Russian language: Speech aggression and ways to overcome it]. Moscow (in Russ.). Goldberg, A., 1995. Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago. Hanson, K. C., 1996. How Honorable! How Shameful! A Cultural Analysis of Matthew's Makarisms and Reproaches. Semeia, 68, pp. 83—114. Klein, D. B., 2001. A Plea to Economists Who Favour Liberty: Assist the Everyman. London. reproach,...

The article deals with the process of structuring the concept of the fictitious state of San Escobar from the perspective of social semiotics, including the broadly ... ... social practices, I draw conclusions about the recontextualization of Mikhail Bakhtin's ideas concerning the polyphonic nature of language and communication. Ageyeva, R. A., 1990. Strany i narody: Proiskhozhdeniye nazvaniy [Countries and Peop­les: Origin ...

....02.33. Piotrovskaya, L. and Trushchelev, P., 2022. Communicating recipient’s emotions: Text-triggered interest. Training, Language and Culture, 6 (1), pp. 60—74. Putro, N. H. P. S. and Lee, J., 2017. Reading interest in a digital age. Reading Psychology,... ... [The Linguistic Theory of Emotions]. Moscow (in Russ.). Shin, J., Chang, Yu. and Kim, Yo., 2016. Effects of Expository-Text Structures on Text-Based Interest, Comprehension, and Memory. The SNU Journal of Education Re­search, 25 (2), pp. 39—57. Silvia,...

... cation/259442149_Theoretical_foundations_of_crossword_puzzle_usage_i­n_foreign_ language_vocabulary_acquisition [Accessed 27 November 2022]. Denisova, E. A., 1998. Struktura i funktsii enigmaticheskogo teksta (na materiale russ­kikh zagadok i krossvordov) [Structure and functions of the enigmatic text (based on the ma­terial of Russian riddles and crosswords)]. PhD thesis. Moscow (in Russ.). Krasnykh, V. V., 2000. The national-cultural component of the Russian language consciousness. In: Yazyk, soznanie, kommunikatsiya: sbornik statei [Language, conscious­ness, communication: collection of articles]. Moscow, pp. 5—13 (in Russ.). Krasnykh, V. V., 2003. «Svoi» sredi «chuzhikh»: mif ili real'nost'? [“All” ...

... linguistic.]. Tartu: TGU. pp. 30—63 (in Russ.). Zolyan, S. T., 2016. Yuri Lotman on the text: Ideas, problems, prospects. Novoe lit­eraturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 3(139), pp. 63—96 (in Russ.). Zolyan, S. T., Chernov, I. A., 1977. On the structure of the language of the descrip­tion of behavior. Trudy po znakovym sistemam [Transactionses on Sign Systems], 8, pp. 151—163 (in Russ.). Levin, Yu. I., Segal, D. M., Timenchik, R. D., Toporov, V. N., Tsiv'yan, T. V., 1974. Russian semantic poetics as a potential ...

... description of cenoses and hyperbolic H-limits. Tsenological research], 19, pp. 357—412 (in Russ.). Labov, W., 1978. Denotational structure. Papers from the Parasession on the Lexicon. Chicago, pp. 220—260. Lakoff, G. and Joohnson, M., 1999. Philosophy ... ... aspect of linguistic phenomena and about the experiment in linguistics. In: Yazykovaya sistema i rechevaya deyatel'nost' [Language system and speech activity]. Leningrad, pp. 24—39 (in Russ.). Shreider, Yu. A. and Sharov, A. A., 1982. Sistemy i ...

... Bartrina, eds. The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies. London: Routledge. pp. 332—346. Jacobs, G. and Tobback, E., 2013 Is Language a News Value in Belgium? Journalism Studies, 14(3), pp. 407—422. Kang, J.-H., 2007. Recontextualization of News Discourse: ... ... Meta: Translators’ Journal, 57(2), pp. 439—463. 10.7202/1013955ar. Károly, K., 2012. News Discourse in Translation: Topical Structure and News Content in the Analytical News Article. Meta: Translators' Journal, 57(4), pp. 884—908. 10.7202/1021223ar....

... instances, the type of the meaning was also marked for accurate classification and analysis. The study delineated the semantic structure of the word ‘mamochka’ based on its various us­es. Common meanings encompassed appellative and referential usages,... ... Pragmaticalization mechanisms in the history of the Russian farewell formula sčastlívo! Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 1, pp. 70—83, https://doi.org/10.31857/0373-658X.2021.1.70-83 (in Russ.). Buras, M. M. and Krongauz, M. A., 2013....

... the concepts they consist of have always been a major area of interest in science. The development of cognitive linguistics has opened new perspectives for the study of axiological events, categories and concepts within them. This article explores the structure of the axiological binary opposition truth-lie, based on the material of the English language. In English, the verbalised concept truth encodes information about both objective truth as well as its subjective perception and re-translation. A combination of methods — definitional, frame and conceptual analyses — makes it possible to ...

The article examines the interpretation of the teaching of Wilhelm von Humboldt on language by Gustav Shpet together with Shpet’s perception of the influence of Kant’s philosophy on Humboldt. Special emphasis is laid on terminological analysis, the underlying thesis of this analysis being that words, terms and concepts are not the ...

... oeuvres in poetry are examined against the background of his views on metrics, which, in fact, are hardly applicable to the structures of his own poems, which are much more traditional than his theoretical frame. Abondolo, D., 2001. Hungarian: The ... .... 21—66. Korchagin, K. M., 2011. Contemporary studies in metrics abroad. Voprosy Jazy­koznanija [Topics in the study of language], 4, pp. 90—115 (in Russ.). Korchagin, K. M., 2021. Russkii stikh: tsezura [Russian verse: caesura]. St. Peters­burg ...

... interviews and 182 questionnaire responses. It also offers a concise overview of scholarly and lexicographical interpretations of the term ‘mat’. The author proposes her own definition of profanity, distinguishing it from other forms of obscene language. Preliminary statistical insights are presented. For example, 26 % of the respondents report rarely or never using ‘mat’ (excluding quotations), with 23 respondents claiming they have never used it. 14 % of the respondents identify themselves ...

This article analyses university textbooks on introduction to linguistics. The most commonplace textbook topics present a comprehensive overview of the main problems of linguistics. Yet, many confine themselves to a system-structural approach to language, neglecting or superficially addressing linguistic issues that became a priority at the turn of the 21st century. The topics most frequently covered include the essence of language, language levels, language as a system of signs, the origin of ...

... Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 2, pp. 135—143 (in Russ.). Kauffman, L. H., 2003. Eigenforms — Objects as Tokens for Eigenbehaviors. Cy­bernetics and Human Knowing , 10 (3—4), pp. 73—90. Kauffman, L. H., 2020. What Lies Beyond Language? Constructivist Foundations , 15 (3), pp. 282—283. Lotman, Yu. M., 1984. On semiosphere. Trudy po znakovym sistemam. 17: Struktura dialoga kak printsip raboty semioticheskogo mekhanizma [Sign Systems Studies. 17: Dia­lo­gue structure as a principle of operation of the semiotic mechanism]. Tartu, pp. 5—23 (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 2022. Lecture at Tartu State University, March 13, 1981. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent , 13 (2), pp. 10—23 (in Russ.). Morris, Ch., 1948. Signs ...