Steven Makin’s ontological argument: The concept of necessary exis¬ten¬ce of God
This article deals with one of the most elegant and non-standard versions of the modal onto-logical argument for God’s existence, which was proposed by the analytic philosopher Stephen Makin in 1988. He managed to avoid the famous criticism of Kant concerning the impossibility of acknowledging the predicate ‘to exist’ as real. Makin’s argument ...
The ontological argument: an “office” solution
There are two important facts that prevent the success of the so called "ontological argument": 1) the use of the concept of existence as a real predicate and 2) the confusion of de re and de dicto modalities. The article considers a way to overcome the former problem proposed by the Czech logician Pavel Tichý.
1. Ансельм ...
The notion of ontology in the system model of argumentation
This article analyzes the notion of ontology in computer science and contemporary argumentation theories. It introduces the notion of ontology into the system model of argumentation (SMA) in view of the specific features of the latter. The author analyses the role of ontology in building an argumentation model within SMA.
1. Брюшинкин ...
Knowing humanity without knowing the human being: The structure of polemic in Kant’s political argumentation
... and politics. According to Kant’s philosophy of law, the model of an ideal society can be pictured as a mechanism. However, his philosophy of history and politics claims the opposite, inclining towards organicism. The methodological framework for argumentation analysis is V. Bryushinkin’s ‘cognitive approach’. The author identifies the historical and ideational sources of decision-making criteria, which Kant assigns to his opponents. The article summarises relevant findings reported by H....
A cognitive approach to argumentation and message produc-tion
This article compares a cognitive approach to argumentation with message production. The author distinguishes between two kinds of cognitive approaches to argumentation. Certain similarities and differences between D. Hample’s and V. Bryushinkin’s concepts are analysed. The most influential conceptions ...
On the possibility of visual argumentation
This article offers a review and analysis of the discussion on the possibility of visual argumentation presented in English periodicals. The author focuses on the prospects of including this problem into the context of contemporary argumentation theory.
1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Аргументорика: исходная абстракция ...
On the logical inconsistency of Kant’s critique of the cosmological argument
The paper shows that the Kantian critique of cosmological argument does not take into account the existential presuppositions of Aristotelian syllogistic, so it is logically untenable. The basic idea of Kant is that the cosmological proof does not rely on the empirical premise (i.e. the existence of the world)....
The Transcendental Deduction of Categories as Philosophical Proof
... basic steps and the fundamental idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction of categories as well as Hegel’s interpretation and reframing of Kant’s idea. Hegel’s reading is crucial for two reasons: first, for fixing the basic form of the Kantian argument and secondly, for understanding its metaphilosophical relevance. For Hegel, philosophical proof has a specific nature, which distinguishes it from scientific proof and brings it closer to a juridical one. In this perspective the transcendental ...
Schelling’s Criticism of Ontological Argument and Interpretation of Kant’s Doctrine of the Ideal of Reason
To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of the existence of God. I propose a reconstruction of Schelling’s account of undoubted being which cannot be deduced ...
Kant on «logical objection» to ontological argument: fragment R 3706. Part I
This study is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed.
1. Декарт Р....
The rhetorical turn in argumentation theory
This article focuses on the key aspects of the rhetorical approach developed by Christopher Tindale and emphasizes its significance for modern theory of argumentation. The article examines the historical background of the rhetorical turn and its relation to informal logic and pragma-dialectics. The author argues that it is justified to consider different approaches to argumentation as complementary.
...
Kant on the “logical objection” to the ontological argument: fragment R 3706. Part II
This article considers manuscript fragment R 3706, in which Kant criticises the traditional objection to the ontological argument based on ideal-real judgement distinction. The author analyses the relation this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in Nova dilucidatio and the earlier polemic on the ontological argument.
1. Декарт Р. Размышления о первой ...
Kant on “logical objectionv“ to ontological argument: fragment R 3706
This article is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed.
1. Descartes R. Razmyshlenija ...
From Kant to Frank: The Ethic of Duty and the Problem of Resistance to Evil in Russian Thought
... Leo Tolstoy, concerned the question of nonresistance to evil by force. The purpose of this article is to assess the influence of Kant’s ethics and philosophy of religion on the course of this debate and to determine the place and significance of the arguments and considerations expressed on this issue by Semyon Frank in the early and late periods (1908 and 1940s) of his work. To this end I reconstruct the general course of the debate, notably the positions and arguments of Leo Tolstoy, Vladimir Solovyov,...
Argumentum ad morti in the violence discourse: the semantics and pragmatics of ‘radical’ argumentation
The appeal to death is a type of argument that either explicitly or implicitly invokes human finitude. This rhetorical device contributes to the credibility of requests, wishes, etc., or blocks communication. The illocutionary power of the appeal to death is determined by the means ...
Kant's argumentation in the scholia to theorem VI in “Nova Dilucidatio”: The traditional interpretation and related problems
This offers an introduction to the analysis of Kant’s refutation of the ontological argument in his dissertation A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition (Nova dilucidatio). The author explains the importance of the pre-critical argument analysis for the understanding of argumentation presented in the Critique ...
Functioning of the means to present argumentation in a judicial discourse: The case of Polish literary texts
This article is devoted to the means of presenting argumentation in literature focusing on judicial matters. In such texts, theses and relevant arguments are often in an implicit form, which emphasises the particularities of the functioning of judicial reasoning. In addition, the argumentative function,...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... supply of weapons (in particular, air defence systems), and training Ukrainian military personnel to master various types of Western military equipment. The ‘Russian threat’ after the start of Moscow’s military operation in Ukraine outweighed the argument of that part of the expert community, the political and business elite of Finland and Sweden, who had feared that their joining NATO and corresponding war obligations was fraught with the risk of uncontrollable tension with Russia or involvement ...
The Problem of Being: Kant and Heidegger
... Heidegger’s work Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics which Heidegger was writing intermittently during the period from 1927 to 1964. It deals not only with the ideas of the Critique of Pure Reason but also with Kant’s pre-critical work, The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God (1763), in which Kant explicitly addressed the question of being for the first time. Heidegger focuses on the transcendental power of imagination not only as the “common root” of sensibility ...
Transformationen der Kantischen Postulatenlehre im „Cambridge Pragmatism“ (Charles S. Peirce, William James, Josiah Royce)
... Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, S. 157-183.
Peirce, Ch., 1995a. Unsterblichkeit im Licht des Synechismus. In: Ch. S. Peirce, 1995. Religionsphilosophische Schriften. Hg. von H. Deuser. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, S. 205-208.
Peirce, Ch., 1995b. Ein vernachlässigtes Argument für die Realität Gottes. In: Ch. S. Peirce, 1995. Religionsphilosophische Schriften. Hg. von H. Deuser. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, S. 329-377.
Peirce, Ch., 1998a. The Basis of Pragmaticism in the Normative Sciences. In: Peirce Edition Project, ...
The Real Target of Kant’s “Refutation”
... with the version of his “Refutation” published in 1787 (KrV, B 275-279). His dissatisfaction is already evident in the footnote added to the preface of the second edition of the Critique in 1787. As a matter of fact, Kant continued to rework his argument for at least six years after 1787. The main exegetical problem is to figure out who is the target of the “Refutation”: a non-sceptic idealist or a global sceptic of Cartesian provenance or both. In this last case, a related problem is to ...
Taking Detours through the “Transcendental Dialectic”. The Principles of Homogeneity, Specification, and Continuity
... paragraph (KrV, A 663-664 / B 691-692) of the first part of the “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic”, Kant discusses the specific status of the principles of homogeneity, specification, and continuity. In doing so, he refers to an already proven argument and thus to other passages of the Critique of Pure Reason. In search of this argument the “Transcendental Analytic” but in particular the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic” turn out to be possible reference points. Although ...
Affection of Law: Fichte on the Place and Boundaries of Pure Ethics of the Imperative
... the second of which, “the standpoint of legality”, one can readily recognise the ethics of law of the Stoical and Kantian type. Fichte stresses that in his youth he himself shared this worldview. However, he hastens to adduce a series of original arguments to show that this position is essentially incapable of delivering a pure and higher moral doctrine. I examine the substance of these critical arguments in the context of his later metaphysics. Fichte maintains that in the “second type” of ...
Kant's argumentation in the scholia to theorem VI in “Nova dilucidatio”: T. Pinder and J. Schmucker’s interpretations
This article considers Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work “A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition”. The alternative interpretations of Kant’s argumentation offered by T. Pinder and J. Schmucker are discussed. The author comes to the conclusion that ...
Kant's argumentation in the scholion to theorem VI in "Nova dilucidatio": a new interpretation
This article deals with Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work "A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition". The author offers a new interpretation of Kant’s argumentation.
1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Просологион // ...
Kants argumentation in the scholion to theorem VI in "Nova dilucidatio": the problem of logical interconnection between the theorem and the scholion
This article discusses the thesis put forward by some scholars that Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in the Scholion to Prop. VI in "Nova dilucidatio" contradicts Prop. VI. The author shows how the apparent discrepancy between Prop. VI and the Scholion can be explained.
1. Ермолаев В. К. Аргументация Канта ...
Dilemmas of logical hylomorphism
... Alexander of Aphrodisias. Leiden, 1995.
20. Husserl E. Formal and Transcendental Logic. Dordrecht, 1969.
21. Ierodiakonou K. Aristotle's Use of Examples in the «Prior Analytics» // Phronesis. 2002. Vol. 47. № 2. Р. 127—152.
22. Kirwan C. Logic and Argument. New York University Press, 1978.
23. MacFarlane J. What does it mean to say that logic is formal? PhD dissertation. Pittsburgh University, 2000.
24. Prior A. N. Formal Logic. Oxford, 1962.
25. Rose L. Aristotle' s Syllogistic. Springfield ...
Linguistic Means Expressing Argumentation in Judicial Discourse late 19th: The Prosecutor’s Speech in Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov
This article analyses linguistic means of expressing argumentation in judicial discourse as used in the prosecutor’s speech in F. M. Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov. The author identifies logical and psychological types of argumentation characteristic of the 19th-century courtroom speeches. Such ...
Analytic Work on Kant — Idealism, Things in Themselves, and the Object of Knowledge
... Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 2014), the author questions how far Kant’s idealism can be accepted and these problems resolved in any way that (i) is reasonably faithful to Kant’s texts, (ii) renders his position consistent (and his major arguments valid), and (iii) does not rest on premises that are themselves philosophically implausible. The author argues that these three desiderata are not met in any strictly Kantian and philosophically satisfactory way in the interpretations given ...
The apologia of reason in J. Chr. Gottsched’s classicistic system: On the 250th anniversary of the philosopher’s death
This article revisits the ratio-centric system developed by the prominent exponent of the German enlightenment J. Chr. Gottsched (1700—1766). The authors examine the problem of the ontological argument in the context of the current civilizational crisis of consciousness, which arose against the background of the 20th century crisis of objectivist methodology of modern natural sciences. Such a methodology is incapable of solving the problem ...
The place and role of ontology in the system model of argumentation
This article identifies the role of ontology in the system model of argumentation (SMA). Since the term ‘ontology’ is rarely used in argumentation studies and the context of its usage is rather unconventional, there is a need to define the notion of ontology within SMA. The method for studying argumentation in SMA ...
Ideology of English monolingualism as the basis of the US language policy
The article deals with the ideological foundations of English monolingualism in the U. S. A. The author analyses the arguments used by supporters and opponents of this ideology. The author also describes the history of monolingualism, as well as its function and sources.
1. Хантингтон С. Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной ...
The Baltic economic model: some results of the 1990—2015 transformations
... Evropejskij Sojuz, Vostochnaja Evropa i «imperializm cennostej » [European Union, Eastern Europe and the "imperialism of values"], Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta [Vestnik MGIMO-University], no.4 (37), p.116 - 124.
3. Sokol, Ju. 2015, Rumm H: Argument o sovetskih migrantah v spore o kvotah na Evrokomissiju ne dejstvuet [Rumm H: The argument of Soviet immigrants in the debate about quotas for the European Commission does not act], Eesti Rahvusringhääling, available at: http://rus.err.ee/v/estonia/5c909cfb-3d92-4fa5-822e-8580d742d7bc ...
Kant's philosophical ideas in Rober Nozik's political theory
... Cambridge, 1999. P. 37—109.
7. Kant I. The Metaphysics of Morals // Ibid. P. 353—605.
8. Nozik R. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford, 1993.
9. Rawls J. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Harvard, 2000.
10. Stroud B. Transcendental Arguments // The Journal of Philosophy. 1968. Vol. 65,№ 9. P. 241—256.
Kant, Nozik, categorical imperative, “minimal state”, freedom, libertarianism
Chaly V.
46-52
10.5922/0207-6918-2014-2-4
[text]1. Brogan, A. P. 1959, John Locke and Utilitarianism,...
Kant’s argumentation in the scholion to theorem VI in Nova dilucidatio: a new interpretation
This article deals with Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work "A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition". The author offers a new interpretation of Kant’s argumentation.
1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Просологион // ...
The Problem of the Possibility of an Artificial Moral Agent in the Context of Kant’s Practical Philosophy
....1109/MIS.2006.80
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Nagl, L., 2022. Digital Technology: Reflections on the Difference between Instrumental Rationality and Practical Reason. Kantian Journal, 41(1), pp. 60-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2022-1-3
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Schönecker, D., 2022. Kant’s Argument from Moral Feelings: Why Practical Reason Cannot Be Artificial. In: H. Kim and D. Schönecker, ed. 2022. Kant and Artificial Intelligence. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 169-189.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110706611-006
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Schmidt, E. E., ...
The Role of the Kantian “Power of Judgment” in the “Nonmodern” Study of Conscious Experience
... problems in contemporary philosophy of mind is the dualism of first-person and third-person perspectives — the question of whether conscious experience is public and epistemically accessible or private and qualitative. Recognising the relevance of the arguments of both sides, naturalists and anti-naturalists, I attempt to resolve this dichotomy using Bruno Latour’s methodology on the theories of Immanuel Kant and Moritz Schlick. To do so, I propose not to reduce the theory of consciousness to one ...
The Boundaries of Ecological Ethics: Kant’s Philosophy in Dialog with the “End of Human Exclusiveness” Thesis
... exclusiveness thesis” and the intuitions of the representatives of deep ecology and the opponents of anthropocentrism as such.
Attfield, R., 1983. The Ethics of Environmental Concern. New York: Columbia University Press.
Barker, M., 2018. The Argumentative Significance of Relative Purposiveness. International Philosophical Quarterly, 58(2), pp. 139-155.
Breitenbach, A., 2009. Die Analogie von Vernunft und Natur: Eine Umweltphilosophie nach Kant. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter.
Breitenbach, ...
Open Use of Reason: Socrates and Kant
....1515/9783110252897.155
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Foucault, M., 2001. Fearless Speech. Edited by J. Pearson. Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext.
Iamblichus, 1989. On the Pythagorean Life. Translated by G. Clark. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Jacobs, S., 2003. Two Conceptions of Openness in Argumentation Theory. In: F. H. Eemeren, J. A. Blair, C. A. Willard and A. F. S. Henkemans, ed. 2003. Anyone Who Has a View. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 147-155.
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Kant, I., 1996. An Answer to the Question: What ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... Tampere University were the following:
— Key Concepts in Political Science;
— Theory and Metatheory in International Relations;
— Political Leadership and Political Processes;
— Political Systems;
— Advanced introduction to Research methods, Argumentation, and Philosophy of science.<13>
As indicated by the curriculum, both SPbU and Tampere University incorporated not only general theoretical courses but also practice-oriented ones into the programme. Some of these courses were mandatory ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... researchers argue that the significance of Denmark’s opt-outs had diminished significantly after the early 1990s, and their preservation or abolition could not have a profound effect on the foreign policy of such a small country in the 2000s.
Their central argument is that, as globalisation progressed, Denmark had more important platforms for implementing its foreign policy than those provided by the EU, especially due to the country’s special relations with the US. Along this line of thought, European ...
Attribution of de re propositional attitudes as a means of persuasion
... instance of rhetorical de re is a ploy or act of manipulation should be answered depending not on whether the statement is clearly false for the speaker but on whether it is clearly unacceptable for the speaker. In case the speaker herself considers the argument made by means of the statement acceptable, there is no reason to denounce such a communicative act as a ploy or manipulation irrespective of which model-theoretic truth-value the statement has. There are therefore reasons to incorporate rhetorical ...
Some Remarks about the Difference between Überzeugung and Überredung
... and students’ lecture notes from the same period are considered. Furthermore, I will compare the treatment of the subject in these sources and in the textbooks used by Kant in his courses. In the conclusions, the link between this issue and Kantian arguments in defending freedom of thought and expression is also suggested. In order to do so, I first explain the notion of holding to be true and its difference from the notion of being true. Secondly, I examine what it means to be convinced and what ...
Kant and the New Enlightenment: On the Balance between Duty and Utilitarian Ends
... Kantian Perspective. Kantian Journal, 42(2), pp. 68-94.
http://dx.doi:10.5922/0207-6918-2023-2-4
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Deligiorgi, K., 2005. Kant and the Culture of Enlightenment. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Ellis, E., 2008. Provisional Politics. Kantian Arguments in Policy Context. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
Garve, C., 1788. Abhandlung über die Verbindung der Moral mit der Politik, oder einige Betrachtungen über die Frage, in wiefern es möglich sey, die Moral des Privatlebens bey der ...
Dispute about Holbein as a dispute about faith: discussion around Fedor Dostoevsky’s novel ‘The Idiot’
... Holbein’s and Dostoevsky’s works. Particular attention is paid to the issue of kenosis, corruption and destruction, the significance of biblical allusions for understanding the meaning of the picture in the novel "The Idiot". The central argument of the article is that Holbein's painting actualizes the biblical context, carrying a provocative meaning that the crucified Christ himself had in the eyes of the world: "for the Jews a stumbling block and for the Greeks foolishness" ...
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
... North European geographical area. In addition to the Yule tradition, Ilves saw as a unifying factor a mindset shared by Yule-land residents:
Brits, Scandinavians, Finns, and Estonians consider themselves rational, logical, unencumbered by emotional arguments; we are business-like, stubborn and hard-working. Our southern neighbours see us as too dry and serious, workaholics, lacking passion and joie de vivre.<5>
It appears that this message was spread in an attempt to grope for alternative ...