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... sämmtliche kleine Schriften. Band 3. Königsberg: Voigt, pp. 159-172. Kant, I., 1799. Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung? In: J. H. Tieftrunk, ed. 1799. I. Kants vermischte Schriften. Band 2. Halle: Renger, pp. 687-700. Kant, I., 2006. An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment? In: I. Kant, 2006. Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History. Edited and with an introduction by P. Kleingeld; translated by D. L. Colclasure. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 17-23. Klobuschitzky, P., 1831. Die vornehmsten Grundsätze der Politik und ...

... based on Kant’s theoretical as well as practical philosophies — that the charges are not properly levelled at Kant. (i) In finding truth as well as what is morally right, Kant advocates abstracting from private ends and testing one’s views against the views of others. (ii) Kant also points out the limits of what we can know rationally; (iii) and in theoretical as well as practical cognition, he emphasises that we need both: reason and sensibility. Kant, Club of Rome, Enlightenment, rationalism, individualism,...

... subject of Dostoyevsky’s worldview in response, as it were, to the discussion of the problem of cultural crisis at Volfila (including at meetings “In Memory of Dostoyevsky”). Following Yakov Golosovker, Andrey Bely, Aron Steinberg, Semyon Lurie and others, he continued the discussion of the crisis in its organised forms. In this context, too, Kant is a significant presence. For Frank, as for Golosovker, Dostoyevsky’s world view has a “concrete-metaphysical character”. They come to this conclusion reflecting on ...

... University Press. doi: https://doi-org.ezproxy.princeton.edu/10.1515/9780691187990 Frank, S. L., 1972. Ontologicheskoe dokazatel’stvo bytia Bozhia [Ontological Proof of the Existence of God]. In: S. L. Frank, 1972. Po tu storonu pravogo i levogo [On the Other Side of Right and Left]. Paris: YMCA-Press, pp. 114-123. (In Rus.) Frank, S. L., 1983. The Unknowable. An Ontological Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion. Translated by B. Jakim. London & Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. Frank, S. L.,...

... derived from the Gospel into the ethics of duty borrowed from Kant. The Tolstoy version of this idea was challenged mainly from two directions: from the Kantian grounding of the legitimacy of coercion and attempts to bring in styles of moral thinking other than the ethic of duty. Ilyin’s apolo­gia for the use of force in the struggle against evil prompted Russian émigré thinkers to take a closer look at Tolstoy’s ethical concept and pay attention to its positive content. On this basis Berdyaev and especially ...

... expression's ability to establish objec­tive references is either entirely denied (by Frege) or associated with the actions of "aesthetic operators" (Linsky), specific illocutionary attitudes (Searle), or the recipient's standpoint (Zolyan). On the other hand, the theory of the poetic function of language, as presented in formalism and structuralism, posits that the reference of the poetic sign does not extend to the world of objects but rather to the linguistic environment inherent within the sign....

... logiku [Introduction to mathemati­cal logic]. Translated by V. S. Chernyavskii. V. A. Uspenskii, ed. Vol. 1. Moscow (in Russ.). Devine, Ph., 1974. The Logic of Fiction. Philosophical Studies , 26 (5/6), pp. 389—399. Dummett, M., 1976. Truth and Other Enigmas . Cambridge MA, Harvard. Dummett, M., 1981. The Interpretation of Frege’s Philosophy . London, Duckwort. Frege, G., 1893. Grundgesetze der Arithmetik. Begriffschriftlich abgeleitet . I. Band, Je­na, Verl. von Hermann Pohle. Frege, G., 2000a. On sense and denotation. In: B. V. Biryukov and ...

The author endeavors to systematically present sense formation through the lens of the pragmasemantic approach. It enables the demonstration of how the primary factors of sense formation, socio-cultural practices and personal agency interact. Their relationship ...

... as has been proved by Zaliznjak on the basis of formal conditions, constraining the position of this particle in the clausal structure. Meanwhile, Zaliznjak failed to provide a lexicographical description of TI1 and reliable external parallels from other languages. I argue that TI1 is a marker of verification with the meaning ‘p really takes place’. The view that TI1 expressed enhanced indicativity is not tenable, since this particle was licensed in hypothetical contexts and combined with the optative marker. It is essential to identify the lexicographic type ...

... position. Paradoxically, the attempt to expand readership by trans­lating into ‘larger’ lects relies on the strategy of non-translation. Non-translation captures the most content-laden elements of the poem, which in the original serve as a sign of the otherness of the cultural tradition correlated with the text. In this sense, non-translation has a performative character, since its very production emphasizes the critical difference and delimitation of linguistic and cultural traditions. Cordingley,...

... contradictory to familiar norms, the philosophers insist on the necessity of violating convention. The opposition of translation vs non-translation is related to the multilingual nature of the text, as well as to the problem of language hierarchy and the attitude towards translating others' and one's own texts. Losev and Heidegger employ the technique of retrospective translation, which involves etymologizing or contextualizing texts that are older than the translated text. Etymologization (alongside commentary) is seen as a way ...

....5922/2225-5346-2020-1-3 (in Russ.). Van Santen, R., 2008. Review essay politics and entertainment: a happy marria­ge? Javnost — The Public, 15, pp. 89—100. Volodenkov, S. V., 2019. Influence of Internet communication technologies on con­temporary social ... ....ru/channel/ 21014334/videos/ [Accessed: 14 January 2023]. Al'ternativy (A. V. Buzgalin i drugie) [Alternatives (A. V. Buzgalin and others)]. Available at: https://dzen.ru/id/622bb0948074d541d7e57268 ; https://vk.com/ alternativy [Accessed: 05 January 2023]....

... Vampilov, ed. Utinaya okhota: p'esy [Duck Hunt: plays]. Moscow, pp. 175—271 (in Russ.). Zaliznyak, A. A., 2012. Mechanisms of expressiveness in language. In: Yu. D. Ap­resyan, ed. Smysly, teksty i drugie zakhvatyvayushchie syuzhety [Meanings, texts and other exciting stories]. Moscow, pp. 651—664 (in Russ.). Zherebilo, T. V., 2010. Slovar' lingvisticheskikh terminov [The dictionary of linguis­tic terms]. 5th ed. Nazran (in Russ.). Zis’, A. Ya., 1975. Iskusstvo i estetika. Vvedenie v iskusstvovedenie [Art and aesthe­tics. Introduction to art studies]. 2nd ed. Moscow (in Russ.). Zolyan, S. T., 2020. Yurii Lotman: ...

... definiteness-indefiniteness in the Slavic and Baltic languages]. Moscow, pp. 90—117 (in Russ.). Kovtunova, I. I., 1986. Poeticheskii sintaksis [Poetic syntax]. Moscow (in Russ.). Levinson, S., 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge. Perloff, M., 2010. Unoriginal Genius: Poetry by Other Means in the New Century. Chicago, London. Proskurin, S. and Feshchenko, V., 2019. Voice and bodily deixis as manifestation of performativity in written texts. Semiotica, 227, pp. 317—334, https://doi.org/ 10.1515/sem-2017-0133. Shvets, A., 2020. “poem-paintings” ...

..., which has drastically changed participatory frameworks for mediated communicative events of this sort, a minimal discursive unit of analysis and interpretation should include, in addition to the text and ac­companying modalities (the discourse of the original video), comments made by other users (collaborative discourse). When seen more through the Foucauldian lens, the discourse of the video is analyzed as a discursive and generic hybrid invoking several social practices associat­ed with consumer culture, which can (to a certain ...

... different degrees. The locus of Lubeck is a homogeneous, patriarchal and achronous idyll, a static space that seems to have frozen in the Middle Ages. In contrast to Lübeck, the city of Hamburg is depicted as a large, contemporary, and dynamic city — in other words, as a modern type of idyll. Moreover, its orderliness goes beyond the idyll and is defined by the rational organisation of space, which is characterised by heterogeneity. Firstly, the idyllic subloci are distinguished, where the key role belongs to the demi-natural images of the garden, the park and the promenade. Secondly,...

... the ambivalent character of Vvedensky’s attitudes toward Kant’s philosophy. To this end, I show that the Russian philosopher, on one hand, calls for a “return to the universally acclaimed Kant”, whose genius he unreservedly recognises; and on the other hand, he argues that Kant should not only be studied and profoundly reflected on, but also overcome because his rationalism “has desiccated the thought of the new cultured humanity”. Abramov, A. I. and Vanchugov, V. V., 2010. Vvedensky ...

... turned it into the “right” to enjoy comfortable living conditions, being almost totally divorced from duties and from morality. Such interpretations of human dignity lead to a dead end, creating problems for its perception and for its relationship to other constitutional provisions — problems that are impossible to resolve in the framework of such an interpretation of right. By turning to Kant, one of the pillars of the modern egalitarian universalist conception of human dignity, we can trace the idea of personal dignity back to its origin as an absolute inner value which,...

..., I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited and translated by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2011. Remarks in the Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime. In: I. Kant, 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 65-204. Kaploun, V., 2021. The Origins of Russian Political Modernity: Did Radishchev “Crib” His Enlightenment Project from Kant? (And If So, Why Didn’t ...

... reports focusing on Cohen’s theory of cognition, his ethics and aesthetics, the search for convergences between the Christian religion and the Judaic tradition, the concept of the philosophy of culture, the relationship between morality and law and many other issues. The review pays particular attention to the works on the reception of Cohen’s philosophy in Russia, as well as previously unpublished translations and archive materials which were part of the scholarly discourse of his time but remained unpublished ...

... Kant. These jottings enable us to take a new look at possible trajectories of philosophical anthropology. The main goal of this article is to show, on the one hand, the modern relevance of Kant’s reflections on the essence of the human being and, on the other hand, the productiveness of their critical reinterpretation by Shpet. In effect, Kant’s reflections give us an insight into the sources of the current anthropological crisis when “the free man”, capable of creating himself, has finally detached ...

... critical analysis is the function of Humboldt’s term “inner form of language” and the way this term was transformed, according to Shpet, into “the concept of inner form” over time by various thinkers — Plato, Plotinus, Goethe, Humboldt and others. The difference is analysed between the terms which Humboldt, Shpet and Kant denoted by the same word “concept”. Shpet’s position on the issue of Kant’s influence on Humboldt is analysed, notably in terms of the “schematism of the pure concepts ...

... execution (executio, Ausübung) in the notes of Kant’s lectures on natural right (“Feyerbend’s Natural Right”). In this manuscript these principles are used as a binary scheme twice, each time in the introduction to the first chapter. To explain the meaning of these concepts I use other cases of their use in Kant’s philosophy. I have established that they are used as a pair only in the notes of various lecture courses and in rough drafts. The majority of these uses occur in the pre-critical period. In the critical period they ...

... intuitions; and the transcendental realist interpretation, which presents objects of experience as objectively existing. I then analyse the “polemical” style of the reading of Kant presented in the works of H. J. Paton, P. F. Strawson, J. Bennett, and others. This approach focuses on the problem of the possibility of experience, with its main source being Kant’s argument for causality in the Second Analogy from the Critique of Pure Reason. As a consequence of its polemic, this approach, as formulated by Bennett, treats the problem ...

... with life can no longer be drawn from irrational mystical moments and naïve biblical story telling. We can only find comfort in reason, the human capacity which brings us closest to God. Many of the reasons for consolation that Kant applies to Funk in the necrology can be found in Cicero, Seneca, and other authors of that period. With all this in mind, the necrology will have to be viewed philosophically in a completely different light from before. This is because Kant succeeds in reconciling Enlightenment tensions between the return to man alone ...

I discuss the criteria of defining linguistics against other science branches. Lin­guistics is not a proper part of semiotics, since the foundations of language do not necessarily rely on the theory of sign systems. Grammar always operates on sets, including the sets consisting of one element. Not all language ...

An Old English poem, preserved in a copy of the 12th century, Instructions for Chris­tians, consisting of 265 lines, is considered through the prism of the explication of the theme of moral instructions in the Old English tradition. The poem, along with other Old English sermons and Christian poems, represents the suggestion of moral rules regarding early Chris­tian life, being a set of orders for believers. This article provides the author's translation of the contexts of the poem Instructions for ...

... This includes shifts in the role and status of the Church Slavonic language, the conditions contributing to the formation of a new literary language, and the inevitable influence of broader cultural and civilizational factors. The paper also explores the tradition of translating otherness, a practice that persists in contemporary times. Bobrik, M. A., 1990. Representations of the Correctness of the Text and Language in the History of the Bookstore in Russia (from the 11th to the 18th Century). Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics ...

... linguogeocultural factors: they contribute to the differentiation of objects based on culturally significant oppositions such as ‘near-far’, ‘left-right’, and subsequently transmit binary characteristics like ‘own-alien’,’ ‘good-bad’, among others. 3) linguoethnocultural factors: these factors elucidate the intricacies of the in­teraction and mutual influence of onomastic systems from different ethnic groups coexisting within the same geographical space. 4) linguopragmatic factors: these factors drive the multi­plication of onomastic units and subsystems ...

... essence of Russian poetry, surrounded by the aura of myth and replacing moralistic content with existential themes. These poems delved into the ethical-metaphysical question of how presence in existence is possible without arro­gance or violation of the rights of others. Bibikhin reflected on the relationship between poetry and prose during the formation of national literatures. He insists on the non-conditionality of the distribution of forms of poetry and poetic expression, political construction as a source ...

... key parameter being the formation of hybrid cognitive-communi­ca­tive zones in poetic discourse. Azarova, N. M., 2010. Yazyk filosofii i yazyk poezii — dvizhenie navstrechu (grammat­ika, leksika, tekst) [ The language of philosophy and the language of poetry — a move­ment towards each other (grammar, vocabulary, text)]. Moscow (in Russ.). Baytov, N., 2003. Stikhotvoreniya 2003 goda [Poems of 2003]. Available at: http:// levin.rinet.ru/FRIENDS/BYTOV/stihi31.html [Accessed 8 July 2023] (in Russ.). Beloglazova, Ye. V., 2010. Polydiscursivity ...

... Peresborka sotsial'nogo: vvedenie v aktorno-setevuyu teoriyu [Reas­sem­bling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory]. Moscow (in Russ.). Lekhtsier, V., 2020. Poeziya i ee inoe: filosofskie i literaturno-kriticheskie teksty [Poetry and its other: philosophical and literary-critical texts]. Ekaterinburg; Moscow (in Russ.). Ma, M.-Q., 2009. The Sound Shape of the Visual: Toward a Phenomenology of an Interface. In: C. Dworkin and M. Perloff, eds. The Sound of Poetry / The Poetry of Sound . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 270—284, https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/ 9780226657448....

... freedom and its attainment, their positions can be seen as complementary. Dosto­evsky advocated for inner spiritual improvement, while Marx prioritized external structural change. Research indicates that these perspectives can mutually reinforce each other. The au­thors assert and support the thesis that according to Dostoevsky, achieving spiritual freedom is feasible through labour activity, a concept akin to Marx's notion of praxis. An, Q., 2017. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Karl Marx. Voprosy Filosofii ...

In contemporary critical literature, there are various perspectives on the relationship be­tween the political and the poetic. Some view poetry as a form of politics, encapsulated in the aphorism ‘the word is a weapon’, while others argue that politics itself should embody the qualities of poetry, as suggested by Andy Merrifield's assertion that "politics should be like poetry." This article seeks to explore the poetic dimensions that underpin the political necessi­ty ...

... When a compliment is part of a complex utterance consisting of several different speech acts, 'speech act' and 'speech genre' refer to disparate concepts. This article examines cases of compliment usage as an independent act (speech genre) and within other speech genres, such as requests, gratitude expressions, consolations and condemnations, where a compliment amplifies or mitigates the speaker's intention. Alpatov, V. M., 2002. The problem of speech genres in the works of M. M. Bakh­tin. In: Zhanry rechi [Genres of speech]. 3. Saratov, pp. 92—104 (in Russ.). Bakhtin, M. M., 1979. Problems of speech genres. In: Estetika ...

... analysis and questionnaire survey. It was concluded that within the slang of the 1950s' stilyaga subcul­ture, the term chuvak developed strong associations with American music, particularly jazz, and American culture overall. These associations, alongside other features of the pragmatic component, such as designation as slang, contributed to the re-emergence the word at the end of the 20th century. At the time, the word was extensively used in the Russian dubbing of American films to render the English word 'dude', thus ...

... secondary usage, is suggested as a tool to describe the pragmatics of addressing a person as a 'mother'. However, unlike Lakoff's works, this study applies the cluster model not to idealised cognitive models — those of birth, genetics, upbringing, and others — but a system of the usage of the word 'mother' as a term of address encompassing diverse metaphorical transfer. Arutyunova, N. D., 1977. Nomination and text. (Nomination — address). In: Yazy­kovaya nominatsiya. Vidy naimenovanii [Language nomination. Types ...

... clarity as regards the text/meaning-generating capacity of the new communication channel, the language of digital texts' literary meta-description and the limits of freedom in interpret­ing such volatile texts. This article attempts to answer these and other questions, providing a semiotic understanding of communication in the tech environment. It also proffers the idea of new pragmatics as the effect of volatile polycode digital text, interface and reception trajec­tory. It is shown that the instability of the digital channel plays a meaning-generating role in digital ...

The article presents a historical and scientific analysis of the oral presentations and other works that criticized Boris Eikhenbaum’s “Melodics of Verse” and Viktor Zhirmunsky’s “Rhyme, Its History and Theory” from the perspective of Moscow formalism. The overview relies on unknown materials, which can thus be introduced into ...

... forms of literary verse, they often fall short when applied to folklore verse. A flexible approach to the study of folk poetry is essential, given the diversity of folklore forms. In addition to classical folk accentual verse, many genres adhere to the principles of syllabic-accentual versification. Methods for analysing syllabic texts from other Slavic cultures may also be relevant. Each genre must be contextualized within its historical framework; thus, folklore requires a differ­entiated analytical approach. Furthermore, the degree of convergence with musicology can vary: in verse linguistics,...

... the attitudes toward profanity over different life stages. The study is based on the analysis of 20 interviews and 182 questionnaire responses. It also offers a concise overview of scholarly and lexicographical interpretations of the term ‘mat’. The author proposes her own definition of profanity, distinguishing it from other forms of obscene language. Preliminary statistical insights are presented. For example, 26 % of the respondents report rarely or never using ‘mat’ (excluding quotations), with 23 respondents claiming they have never used it. 14 % of the respondents ...

... and Buschmeier, H., 2023. Should robots be polite? Expectations about politeness in human — robot interaction. Frontiers in Robotics and AI , 10, https://doi . org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1242127. Pan, X., Doering, M. and Kanda, T., 2024. What is your other hand doing, robot? A model of behavior for shopkeeper robot’s idle hand. In: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction . New York, pp. 552—560, https://doi.org/10.1145/3610977.3634986 . Ribino, P., 2023. The role of politeness in human — machine interactions: A sys­te­matic literature review ...

... History of Heredity . New York. Jacob, F., 1977. The Linguistic Model in Biology. In: D. Armstrong, C. H. van Schoo­neveld, eds. Roman Jakobson. Echoes of His Scholarship . Lisse, pp. 185—192. Jakobson, R., 1970. Linguistics. Relationship between the science of language and other sciences. In: Main trends of research in the social and human sciences . Mouton, pp. 419—453. Kull, K., 1998. Organism as a self-reading text: anticipation and semiosis. Inter­na­tional Journal of Computing Anticipatory Systems , 1, pp. 93—104....

... 537—559, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-021-09453-9 . Hoffmeyer, J., 2014. The semiome: From genetic to semiotic scaffolding. Semio­tica , 198, pp. 11—31, https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2013-0099 . Jaкobson, R., 1970. Linguistics. Relationship between the science of language and other sciences. In: Main Trends of Research in the Social and Human Sciences . Mouton, pp. 419—453. Lal, A., 2022. Deciphering the regulatory syntax of genomic DNA with deep lear­ning. Journal of Biosciences , 47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-022-00291-6 ...

... interactions. Moreover, a comparative analysis of natural and artificial intelligence underscores the complex potential inherent in this research problem. While human beings possess advantages stemming from bodily experience, sexual dimorphism, and other forms of vitality over artificial intelligence, the future is largely grounded in this vitality, exemplified by the essence of childhood. Consequently, the question of management possibilities and the ethical dimensions of future production, as well as the balance between permissible and impermissible ...

... Kantian Review, 26(2), pp. 235-260. Sánchez Madrid, N., 2025a. Kant on Labor Relations: An Account of Economic Dependence from the Perspective of Social Philosophy. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 55(4), pp. 330-347. Sánchez Madrid, N., 2025b. Who Is the Caregiver in Kant’s Theory of Labour? Examining Social Domination in Classical German Philosophy. Kantian Review, First View, pp. 1-18. Sarti, R., 2023. Slaves, Servants and other Dependent People: Early Modern Classifications and Western Europe’s Self-Representation. In: J. Whittle and ‎T. Lambrecht, eds. 2023. Labour Laws in Preindustrial Europe. The Coercion and Regulation of Wage Labour. C. 1350-1850. New York: Boydell ...

... temperature, pH, carbon source, and cultivation conditions, influence the yield and properties of BC. The utilization of agricultural and food waste as a culture medium has been shown to enhance the productivity of Komagataeibacter xylinus strains. The combination of BC with other components, including biologically active substances, metals, probiotics, polymers, and antibiotics, can improve its functional properties and expand its applications in the food industry—for instance, as a fat replacer, in the production of artificial ...

... first time. Key morphometric parameters were determined, including the surface area, basin shape, enclosed water volume, shoreline length and shoreline development index, width, depths (average and maximum), catchment area, specific runoff index, among others. The investigated water bodies are classified as excavation ponds, characterized by small size, shal­low depth, and limited catchment areas. It was noted that such ecosystems may experience short-term fluctuations in water levels and hydrochemical characteristics,...

... attractiveness revealed a predominance of areas with a high level of appeal (56.8 % of the studied coastal length) and a complete absence of low-attrac­tiveness territories. This indicates, on the one hand, the high recreational potential of the area and, on the other, the insufficient realization of this potential. Based on the assessment re­sults, sections with varying priorities for recreational development have been identified. landscapes, attractiveness, recreational nature management, seasho­re,...

Migration flows across Russia are highly heterogeneous: some areas are characterized as depressed, repelling population outflows, while others serve as "migration centers" that at­tract large numbers of residents. The migration appeal of such centers is often determined by specific factors related to their economic and geographical position, including proximity to major urban agglomerations and coastal locations, the presence of large industrial and pro­duction ...