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... energy industry of the Russian Federation. Trying to allow for this circumstance, EU leaders and energy structures took a number of organizational measures aimed, on the one hand, at an increase in energy independence of new members of the EU and, on the other hand, at taking into account the recent trends in the energy market development. The research shows that most of the initiatives do not take into account the perspective and interests of Russia, which has a strong presence in the energy market. ...

After the World War II, the part of East Prussia taken by the Soviet Union was transformed into a gigantic Soviet military base. It performed the functions of the outpost in the West on the one hand; and on the other hand, of the barrier which helped the USSR to ensure the dependence of the Eastern Baltics and domination in Poland. After the Cold War, Kaliningrad Oblast, a territory of 15,000 square metres with a population of nearly one million people, owned ...

... Phi­ladelphia, pp. 21—44, https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.29.05dec . Demyankov, V. Z., 2022a. Semantic reduplication in statements about the pos­sib­le. Kognitivnye issledovaniya yazyka [Cognitive studies of language], 4 (51), pp. 39—43 (in Russ.). Demyankov,... ... Akten des 23. Linguistischen Kolloquiums, Berlin 1988 . Tübingen, pp. 3—13. Hintikka, J. and Sandu, G., 1994. Metaphor and other kinds of nonliteral mea­ning. In: J. Hintikka, ed. Aspects of metaphor . Dordrecht, pp. 151—187. James, W., 1907. Pragmatism: ...

... assertive-dominant types. The results demonstrate that verbal charms are complex linguocultural mechanisms that provide not only protection but also psychological stability in traditional society. The developed approach can be productively applied to further study the functional mechanisms of sacred texts and verbal protective strategies in different cultures, as well as to analyze other linguistic phenomena representing sacred experience in folklore. verbal charm, theory of speech acts, illocutionary type, Russian lin­guoculture 29-40 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2026-1-3

... equality, and inclusivity) and the sanctioning strategies of cancel culture (boycott, exclusion, ostracism) constitutes a bidirectional cognitive process. On the one hand, it ensures the reproducibility and legitimisa­tion of emergent moral norms; on the other, it contributes to the entrenchment of collective cognitive patterns that delineate new boundaries of social identity, moral evaluation, and ideological differentiation within the digital public sphere. The findings contribute to a broad­er understanding ...

... is examined, including doctrinal documents and laws aimed at protecting critical information infrastructure and strengthening “digital borders.” Particular attention is paid to the geopolitical dimension of the issue—Russia’s cooperation with other states in the field of international information security and conflicts of interest in global cyberspace. The article substantiates the conclusion that strengthening cyber defense and achieving information sovereignty require a comprehen­sive approach that combines ...

... how various actors shape and promote competing narratives of the past. The study demonstrates that the narrative of the 1944 deportation consolidates In­gush society, enabling regional actors to sustain a “victimhood” discourse and to preserve the memory of trauma through discursive practices and other channels, including education and memorial infrastructure. By contrast, the memory of Ingush statehood is supported by both regional and federal actors. This narrative excludes references to tragic events and focuses on the region’s socio-economic ...

.... Benthic grab samples were collected at six stations in the profundal zone of the lagoon, and underwater video recording was also performed at one station. The composition and structure of the macrozo­obenthos at most stations were similar to each other and to those in the summer period, although quantitatively richer in winter. In the macrozoobenthos of the open part of the lagoon on silty substrates, chironomid larvae (Chironomidae) and oligochaetes dominate. In the central part of the lagoon, the gastropod Valvata ...

... problem concerning the influence of the tram network of the city of Königsberg on the spatial development of the urban territory prior to 1945. Based on an analysis of urban studies and transport-related academic publications, including research on other European cities (London, Warsaw, and Bucharest), the key patterns of the integration of tram infrastructure into the system of urban development are identified. The role of tram lines in the formation of new residential and industrial zones, as well as in the integration of peripheral areas into the ...

... names with concepts, forming words “name + meaning (concept)”. However, recent studies show that 6-month-old infants already know some common words, such as banana, mouth, and hand, indicating that they understand their referential uses. These and other results indicate that infants develop the associated pairs of “name + concept” from a very early age. This clearly contradicts the generally accepted para­digm. To explain how early words appear in infants, this article introduces a hypothesis, which states the innateness of the dual ...

The military’s involvement in political processes in Turkey has ambiguous consequences for society. On the one hand, for decades, the army has supported the secular character of Turkish politics. On the other hand, the military has acted as a strong force slowing down the development of Turkish democracy, fearing a loss of influence over the state. Whenever condi­tions for political emancipation arose, the military took control, organizing mass repression ...

... committed through cyberbullying. The choice of specific preventive measures should be conditioned by: materials of the criminal case; circumstances prevailing at the time of the decision to implement preventive measures; peculiarities of the personality of the juvenile and other factors. cyberbullying, bullying, deviant behavior, Internet, minor, forensic prevention, cyberspace, online disinhibition effect 25-32 10.5922/sikbfu-2023-2-3

... oppression on the relations with local population supported by the incorporation of them in the system of condition landholding. These relations implied, from the one hand, the representation by the Order its own status as a collective ruler, and from the other hand, symbolic expression of the loyalty of Old Prussians in various spheres of social communication: language, onomastic, objects of material culture. Definition of the ways to express loyalty that is the purpose of the article allows to characterize ...

... Russian Federation regulating the activities of the court of first instance, data from the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The results of the study allow us to determine the purpose, objectives of the proceedings in the court of first instance, its place among other proceedings to build its effective model. judicial power, court, proceedings in court, adversarial, publicity, protection of rights 16-26 10.5922/sikbfu-2023-1-2

... algorithms for solving problems using tools of general and special-purpose software. The in­ternational experience of teaching queueing theory is presented, including the introduction of VR technologies, web quests into the educational process, as well as the use of software prod­ucts such as AnyLogic, Wolfram Alpha, and others. integration, digital technologies, Mathematics Education digitaliza­tion, pre-service teacher training, digital educational environment 96-103 10.5922/pikbfu-2023-3-10

... actualizes the opposition of the center / periphery, while Moscow (or another capital replacing it) acts as the frequency expression of the structural center, and the periphery can be represented as a) the Russian province, b) a place of memory, c) the space of otherness. This article is devoted to the description of Moscow as a component of this poetic system, the establishment of a circle of motives associated with Moscow, and their role in the Galich plot building. According to the conclusions, the capital ...

... cognitive failures arising from non-compliance with the accepted norms and defeated expectations in the perception of a translated text. The opposition “idiomatic” — “non-idiomatic” can be considered appropriate and sufficient in evaluating the quality of translation. language, idiomaticity, usage, translation, cognitive, collocation, naturalness of discourse, norm, “own” / “other” 5-16 10.5922/pikbfu-2023-2-1

... results of simple mechanical transfer of oral speech techniques to urban epigraphy, the differences between word-formation processes in written and oral speech are described. The visuality of a written sign, the possibility of hybrid word formation with the help of other symbolic and graphic systems, as well as the activity of language norms are listed as features of written communication. A distinctive feature of the oral form is the possibility of meaning explication through non-verbal signs. According to the ...

... vulnerability of the coastline of the Kaliningrad region and make decisions on implementing a series of measures to protect and preserve the coastal zone. For the study, the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) methodology was selected, which is considered the most versatile compared to others but requires specific parameters for the studied object/territory. The research goal is to assess the vulnerability of the coastal zone on the Kaliningrad Oblast coastline. The CVI method represents a classic scoring system that allows identifying ...

Land reclamation must ensure that the quality of the land complies with environmental quality standards and the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The pur­pose of this work was to study the process of formation of a reclamation layer in open-cast coal mines. The ...

Small forms of management in the agricultural system of the Kaliningrad region contin­ue to be an important structural element. At the same time, for the rural area of the region, they perform a more complex role, ensuring, among other things, an increase in the quality of life of the rural population. The current geopolitical and geo-economic conditions in which the Kaliningrad region operates have required strengthening and differentiation of measures and forms of state support for such enterprises. The ...

... administrators and others famous in Königsberg and beyond. The evolution of the status of the gymnasium is traced, starting from the parochial school of Löbenicht to the leading real gymnasium in East Prussia, which was attended not only by the inhabitants of the region, but also by other countries, including Russia. Changes in the educational programme of the school, the organisation of the educational process, and the quality of the teaching staff are analysed. The article may be of interest to researchers of the history of Königsberg-Kaliningrad,...

... documents, materials from regional and national German press, and personal sources, the article examines the reactions in East Prussia to the Kapp Putsch of 1920, which aimed to overthrow the legitimate government of the Weimar Republic. Unlike most other German territories, the putschists in East Prussia were supported by many representatives of the regional political elite and bureaucracy. The article attempts to explain the reasons for this anomaly and to identify the consequences of the support for the putsch by part ...

... and strengthen its position as a regional leader in the era of global great power competition. The author concludes that the cultural influence of the U.S. in these sectors of the entertainment industry is predominant compared to the capabilities of other countries in the region, and the available resources allow for the shaping of new norms for the youth of Latin American and Caribbean countries. 1. Eriksson J., Giacomello G. The Information Revolution, Security and International Relations: (IR) Relevant Theory?...

The article examines the main theoretical approaches of legal scholars related to the essence and understanding of general legal principles, and analyzes the distinctive aspects of general legal principles compared to others. The relevance of the article is due to its contentious nature regarding the content and essence of general legal principles among different authors. The novelty of the article lies in the analysis of contemporary general legal principles, and the identification ...

... with provisions that establish liability for preparation for another crime and forms of complicity in committing another crime. In doctrine, such provisions are referred to as criminal law norms with dual prevention, as they are designed to prevent other, typically more serious, offenses. In 2022, the heightened threat of sabotage within Russia led to the introduction of Article 281.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes criminal liability for aiding and abetting sabotage activities, analogous to Article 205.1 of the ...

... models of the 18th-century public and residential buildings were constructed using surviving images of the market street-square alongside photographs, literature and research works, local history evidence, individual housing plans, design details and other data. Restoring the volumetric and spatial composition and external appearance of the facades is complicated by the absence of historical sources dating back to the study period when the aesthetic of buildings was dominated by the style features of late Baroque, Rococo ...

... marketplaces given the existence of similar phenomena, such as online stores and information aggregators, and, consequently, establish additional criteria for recognising a specific online platform as a marketplace. This paper examines enforcement practices in the Russian Federation and other countries, uncovering legislative gaps, particularly concerning the complexities of marketplace civil liability. By consolidating research findings, a distinct set of features is formulated to differentiate marketplaces from similar phenomena like ...

... the main character-musician, the distinctive musicality of landscape descriptions, genre specificity, the unique atmosphere inherent to the nocturne, etc.), which, on the one hand, allow them to be identified with similar musical compositions, and on the other hand, reveal the literary and artistic originality of the “musical story” as such. The problem of musical intermediality and the specifics of its verbal organization in Ishiguro’s short story Nocturne allow for the characterization of a broader ...

... events were divided into three subplots: the story of the MASSOLIT members and their relationship with the Master, the Moscow Variety Theater and its employees, and Margarita’s story. The story of Woland and his retinue was closely intertwined with the other plots and did not form an independent fragment. analysis of a literary work, literary work, onomasticon-based, natural language processing 47-60 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2024-4-5

... demand among speakers of that time and naturally of interest to ethnolinguists. The extensive system of stylistic and emotionally expressive labels in the dictionary today aids in identifying, on the one hand, new vocabulary from the Soviet era, and on the other, obsolete vocabulary that was still in use. Ushakov’s dictionary contains intriguing designations of Russian cultural realities, offering country-specific information that allows for a portrayal of Russian life. For this study, only subject-specific ...

Speech disorders in children are a current issue of modern times, primarily because speech is a central cognitive function, without which the development of other mental processes, including thinking, is impossible. Speech development disorders in children can lead to difficulties in various areas in the future. This underscores the relevance of studying the causes of speech disorders in children and analyzing ...

... science, since the science of literature does not study just any written text containing fiction, but rather artistic texts. The purpose of this article is to understand what J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis — colleagues and friends who inspired each other and formed the literary fellowship of the Inklings — meant by artistry and what criteria of artistry they were able to develop. Clive Staples Lewis, John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, inklings, criterion of artistry, the reader, catharsis, kalokagathia 51-58 ...

... support among younger school children increases with the intensification of stress. Emotional support and social integration in stressful situations often prove ineffective, which can be attributed to insufficient support from family and friends and the fact that children experiencing intense stress narrow their circle of contacts, thereby limiting support from others. primary school age, self-acceptance, social support, stress 97-109 10.5922/pikbfu-2024-2-9

... regarding the status of the persona as an artist and creator, which allows the entire The Latvian Ballad to be considered as a poetic text dedicated to the art and mission of the artist capable of perceiving hidden facets of the world and conveying to others the emotions evoked by what they have seen. persona, lyrical plot, Victor Sosnora, The Latvian Ballad 74-83 10.5922/pikbfu-2024-2-7

... quarter of the 20th century. The study explores the pragmatic and semantic facets of OBERIU advertising, including its verbal and visual components as seen in placards, posters, and slogans. Advertising is presented as a speech act aimed at changing the viewer’s perception, using literary devices such as letter play, original slogans, and others. This article sets out to identify differences and similarities between OBERIU advertising and conventional ‘state-­supported’ advertising in Russia in the 1920s. It is shown that OBERIU advertising borrowed the form of Vladimir Mayakovsky’s ...

... object of artistic interpretation. The combination of the identification proce­dure of figurative word usage with the techniques of metaphorical modeling allowed for the identification of conceptual domains-sources of imaginative interpretation of the space of an­other culture in the texts of twelve French and twelve Russian poets. The prevalence of the conceptual domain of HUMAN / LIVING BEING made it possible to specify the cognitive nature of intercultural space — not as an object of interpretation but as ...

... monodiscursive translational actions. Within the poly-discursive space, a translator constructs translational strategies and a comprehensive translation technology in accordance with criteria, features, dominants, values, chronotopes, participants, and other discursively determined characteristics of all integrated discourses, both nuclear and allied. Thus, the translator forms the archetype of a multivalent professional personality. The varia­bility in the interaction between nuclear and allied discourse types is demonstrated. Constitu­tive features of discourse such as poly-discursiveness, glocality,...

... between growth rate and dynamic changes in biomass composition. The use of granulated forms of the fertilizer “Fertika Universal” as a nutrient medium significantly increased the optical density of the initial solution to 0.087, more than doubling the results compared to other conventional media and proving advantageous for industrial-scale cultivation. The study recommends using a reduced initial cell concentration of Chlorella sp. B1 in the inoculum, followed by cultivation at 32 °С with enhanced illumination (52 ...

... Garden of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU). Over the past 20 years, the taxonomic composition has nearly doubled. New collection sections have been created (for fruit plants, magnolias, lilacs, rhododendrons, medicinal plants, and others), and the reconstruction of the greenhouse collection has significantly enriched the assortment of tropical, subtropical, and arid plants. The inventory was conducted using standard methodologies applied for plant accounting in botanical gardens. The plant ...

... applications and limitations. These can logically be identified by outlining both the strengths and weaknesses of the theory. The strengths include simplicity and logic, universality, a long history of development, an evolutionary nature, and integration with other spatial theories. The weaknesses include rigid demarcation, lack of expression in real space, the necessity for complication, polydependence in modern space, and limited predictive capability. As a result of the study, it was noted that the center-periphery theory, despite ...

... Perm’s current landscaping system are described, alongside potential development scenarios for the city’s green spaces up to 2030. A development strategy is outlined to achieve significant progress in landscaping and biodiver­sity conservation. Its other goals involve enhancing the urban environment by converting spontaneously growing vegetation into various landscaped areas, ranging from conservation zones to public amenities, and actively managing these areas. The study also defines the val­ues, vision and mission of green ...

Problems of energy security remain relevant for Russian regions in the current condi­tions. On the one hand, there is a pressing need to protect the economy and the population from energy-related threats at a regional and national level. On the other hand, the tense post-2022 international situation poses new industrial development challenges for regions, prompting some to reorganise domestic and export energy supply. Energy security issues encountered by Russian regions exhibit spatial variation ...

... conscious experience proposed by both naturalism and anti-naturalism, and propose an “intersectional theory” as an alternative theory of conscious experience that affirms, on the one hand, the uniqueness of the individual’s epistemic position and, on the other hand, its reproducibility and communicability. I introduce the term “intersectional locality” to denote the ontological status of conscious experience. In the next step, I return to the necessary (according to Latour) “practice of purification” ...

... mutual determination of the individual and collective unit. In his Russian-language works, written before his emigration, he maintained that it was in the sphere of law that one could determine how the individual and society mutually condition each other and determine the direction of social development. In the late 1920s and early 1930s in his teaching on social law, Gurvitch formulated the concept of sociability which enabled him to focus attention not on the confrontation, but on the interaction of the individual ...

... Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London & New York: Routledge. Foucault, M., 1984. What is Enlightenment? In: P. Rabinow, ed. 1984. The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, pp. 32-50. Foucault, M., 2010. The Government of Self and Others: Lectures at the Collège de France 1982—1983. Ed. by F. Gros, F. Ewald and A. Fontana, translated by G. Burchell. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Fukuyama, F., 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York & Toronto: Free Press. Gradirovsky, S....

... Disagreement. Metaphilosophy, 43(5), pp. 567-591. Quine, W., 1969. Natural Kinds. In: W. Quine, 1969. Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 114-138. Rescher, N., 1985. Der Streit der Systeme. Ein Essay über die ... ... Disagreement. Critica: Revista Hispanoamericana de Filosofía, 43(127), pp. 3-25. Spiegel, Th. J., 2021. Naturalism, Quietism, and the Threat to Philosophy. Basel: Schwabe. Tetens, H., 2001. Der Streit der Philosophen. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie,...

... Kant’s Theory of Definitions. The Philosophical Review, 65(2), pp. 179-191. Boghossian, P. and Williamson, T., 2020. Debating the A Priori. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cicatello, A., 2018. Der seltsame Fall der ‘Gegebenen Begriffe’ bei Kant. In: ... ... Freiheit: Akten des XII. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 1183-1190. Dummett, M., 1978. Truth and Other Enigmas. London: Duckworth. Glock, H. -J., 2008. What is Analytic Philosophy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hiltscher,...

... relationship between what Kant calls ‘pure’ philosophy vs. ‘applied’, ‘empirical’ or what we can broadly refer to as ‘impure’ philosophy. (As we shall see, in order to be able to address this third project, we shall also need to examine the other two projects in detail.) My plan is as follows. First, I discuss four main areas of pure vs. impure philosophy: (i) ‘pure logic’ vs. ‘applied logic’; (ii) ‘rational psychology’ vs. ‘empirical psychology’; (iii) ‘pure metaphysics ...

... the German tradition, but with regard to which he developed ideas of his own. It is my intention to examine precisely some of these passages. I will explain how the philosopher understood this difference, what its relevance is and why the figure of the other is necessary to determine it. For this purpose, texts published in the critical period and students’ lecture notes from the same period are considered. Furthermore, I will compare the treatment of the subject in these sources and in the textbooks ...