Search

... and agreement between Kant and Lessing with regard to many substantial questions, serious differences cannot be overlooked; the frequently diagnosed closeness and widely suspected “harmony” between the two is probably also the primary reason why important factual differences and controversial aspects have so far usually been neglected or ignored in research, although they still continue to raise problems and controversies in the context of the Enlightenment and the philosophy of religion. Although ...

The cultural movement known as “humanism” has unfortunately not received a clear and careful definition. Historians and philosophers have lumped together their various understandings of outlooks that stress the value and importance of human life under the collective term “humanism.” This essay sets out to contrast, in particular, three types of humanism, all of which attracted attention at overlapping times in Imperial Russia and then the Soviet Union. The youngest ...

Kant does not provide clear-cut definitions of apperception, consciousness, and self-consciousness and everywhere uses these terms as synonyms, which creates the problem of the relationship between these faculties. The importance of this problem stems from the colossal significance of each of the above-mentioned faculties which are intimately connected with Kant’s formulation of the key tasks of transcendental philosophy. The prime task is to discover the categories ...

... again in the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic”, a first argumentative strategy, which differs from the objective one but provides “some objective validity” (KrV, A 664 / B 692; Kant, 1998, p. 602) and therefore has systematic importance for the principles of homogeneity, specification, and continuity. My aim is to offer immanent strategies for a justification of the principles of homogeneity, specification, and continuity in the framework of the Critique of Pure Reason. ...

This paper explores the new frontier within Kantian scholarship which suggests that Kant places so much special importance on the value of rational nature that the supreme principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central ...

... dissertation into English from the following edition: Kant, I., 2012. Natur­al Science, edited by E. Watkins, translated by L. W. Beck, J. B. Edwards, O. Reinhardt, M. Schönfeld and E. Watkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 713-714. It was important for the translator to follow the course of Kant’s thought and as far as possible preserve his style, including recurring words. Natural science terminology keeps as close as possible to the dissertation text, so instead of the term “gas”,...

... philosophy and Neo-Kantian epistemology, but also on account of internal discussion with the Russian philosophers belonging to other movements (for example, intuitivists). The analysis of the onto-epistemological projects of Russian Neo-Kantians makes important additions to the picture of the reception of Neo-Kantianism in Russia. Boldyrev, N. V., 1922. Being and Knowledge, Intuition and Reason. Ontological Motives of Critical Philo­s­ophy. Mysl. Zhurnal Peterburgskogo filosofskogo ob­shchestva ...

... article “From the Russian studying of Kant’s philosophy. Kharkov’s philosophical school of the first part of the XIX century” is devoted to the studying of Kant’s philosophy in the Kharkov’s University at the first decades of XIX century. The importance of Kant’s philosophy in the professional philosophical sphere and influence on the development of motherland philosophical thought has been examined 1. Багалей Д. И. Опыт истории Харьковского университета ...

This article is devoted to the origins of the "aesthetic turn" in contemporary philosophy and the increasing importance of aesthetic categories and art experience for contemporary theories. Kant’s aesthetics, concepts of beauty, the sublime, genius, as well as various aspects of their interpretation within the romantic doctrine of "new mythology" ...

... E. Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher, scientist, engineer and poet, who, however, remained in the memory of humanity, mainly as the last Christian mystic, and the "King of visionaries." It is shown that, although E. Swedenborg's oeuvre was important for I. Kant, it was only a trigger for scrutinising serious philosophical questions pertaining to the nature and limits of human knowledge — the main area of concern of metaphysics. 1. Гулыга А. В. Кант. М., 1977. 2. Кант ...

The author shows the importance of the analysis of Kant's epistolary heritage in the reconstruction of the evolution process of German Classic philosophy. This article defines the role of Moses Mendelsohn, Kant's letters to whom became a turning point in the works of the ...

This offers an introduction to the analysis of Kant’s refutation of the ontological argument in his dissertation A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition (Nova dilucidatio). The author explains the importance of the pre-critical argument analysis for the understanding of argumentation presented in the Critique of Pure Reason. The traditional interpretation of the arguments in Nova dilucidatio and related problems are discussed in detail. 1. Гегель ...

... Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2: Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic Status» (April 27—29, 2017, Moscow), the tasks of which was (1) to discuss the specificity of transcendental idealism, (2) to study the nature of one of Kant’s important concepts — that of appearance — within the framework of the essential conceptual triad of transcendentalism: thing in itself (Ding an sich) — appearance (Erscheinung) — representation (Vorstellung), (3) to analyse the distinction between ...

In the article the question is raised about the Kantianism of E. T. A. Hoffmann on the example of the story from “The night stories”, which shows that the transcendental reflection as an important gnoseological form makes the practical sense in the human life. 1. Берковский Н. Я. Э. Т. А. Гофман // Берковский Н. Я. Романтизм в Германии. СПб., 2001. 2. Гёррес Й. Афоризмы ...

This article is the second part of the research concerning the publications of Russian scholars in Kant-Studien, the leading periodical dedicated to Kantian studies and the most important print of International Kant Society. The article describes the history of publications of Russian authors from 1974 to 2008. 1. Асмус В. Ф. Диалектический материализм и логика. Очерк развития ...

Postulates play an important role in Kant’s philosophy. Kant’s understanding of this term differs from the previous tradition. For Kant, postulates are originally subjective propositions necessarily supposed as objective ones. Otherwise, the systematic theoretical cognition ...

... premises, and problems in the first draft of Husserl’s practical philosophy (scientific ethics). Comparative analysis reveals terminological and conceptual similarities and differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophies. Another important result is identifying the principles and departure point ideas for both thinkers. These are a shared understanding of the relationship between theoretical and practical reason, the principle of the ‘purity’ of moral motives and compulsoriness ...

... definition of the modal concept of “existence”. More generally, the four moments of the “Analytic of the Beautiful” contain preliminary work on the modal concepts of existence, possibility, necessity — and, of course, contingency, which is very important because it is required for the definition of the very special modal status of the “maxims of judgment”. 1. Allison, H. E. 2001, Kant´s Theory of Taste. A Reading of the “Critique of Aesthetic Judgement”, Cambridge. 2. Dumouchel, D....

... Peace», written in late XVIII century, with the implementation of nowadays project of European Union 2) If such parallels are possible, to what extent the structure of the EU corresponds to Kant’s vision? 3) Which Kantian ideas are of the foremost importance to future development of the EU? Basing on the analysis of Kant’s treatise and of the current structure of the EU, the author arrives to the conclusion that the two projects can suitably be compared. However, such comparison requires viewing ...

... philosophical understanding of science, which can be only of metaphysical nature. The experience of building a system of transcendental metaphysics combined with mathematics and physics shows that philosophy of science is necessary for solving the most important problems of the humanity rather than analysing or synthesising scientific knowledge or development it. Philosophy of science proper should be based on Aristotle’s idea of metaphysics revisited in view of metaphysics of self-consciousness and ...

The category of power is one of ontological predicates discussed by Kant in lectures on metaphysics. This concept expresses relation of substance to its attributes and plays an important role in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. Law is a simple form of unity incorporating an idea of the play of powers, whereas power is a category that makes it possible to understand the supersensible as a realm of laws. This interpretation ...

Natural Law Notes of Feyerabend is one of the most important sources by the research of ethical and juridical views of Kant. Dating back to 1784 they distinctly demonstrate that the basic principles of Kant’s philosophy of right are not a late production of the philosopher, but they have been formed ...

... necessity of natural laws. This distinction and the union of logic and ethics for Cohen is equally necessary and complemen¬tary. This fundamental principle of critical idealism overcomes Spinoza's pantheism, the reducing ethics to logic and devastating importance of ethics and logic through the metaphysics of identity of the divine substance. 1. Kogen G. 2012, Teorija opita Kanta [Theory of experience of Kant], Per. s nem. V. N. Be¬lova, Moscow. 2. Kogen G. 2008, Obosnovanie etiki Kantom [Kantian ...

The lectures on natural law delivered by Kant in the winter semester of 1784/85 have recently attracted increasing attention from Kant scholars. Dating back to the 1780s, they elucidate a number of important aspects in the genesis of Kant’s practical philosophy. Firstly, this relates to the formation of the Königsberg philosopher’s views on law. However, the lecture notes (especially the introduction) are of equal importance to understanding ...

... significant number of journals dedicated to philosophy or addressing philosophical problems. Even in the first approximation, there are several dozen journals featuring either texts by Russian scientists or works dedicated to Russian philosophy. Of special importance are two journals with the most pronounced presence of Russian authors, namely, Kant-Studien and Logos. Both journals have a strong Neo-Kantian spirit — many of their publishers and authors were advocates of this movement. In general, the ...

... confessions, based on the rules of natural law, which date back to the early Enlightenment. For the first time, it was discussed at length by Christian Thomasius, whose endeavours marked the beginning of the Enlightenment in Germany. Moreover, a number of important aspects relate Thomasius’s early Enlightenment ideas and Kant’s late Enlightenment concept. Firstly, this is the perspective on the role of the monarch in regulating interactions between different confessions. Thus, both thinkers stressed ...

... be understood by most readers. Otherwise, practical conclusions can be arbitrarily interpreted by politicians, ideologists, and general public as scientific recommendations and guidelines for decision-making. Moreover, Prof Kruglov ignores Kant’s important thought about socio-political revolutions being the fault of rulers incapable of implementing necessary reforms. Therefore, the violence and cruelty of revolutions are nothing but the nature's vengeance for social injustice. Prof Kruglov juxtaposes ...

... original theory of abstraction: Kant’s schemes serve as a means to construct mathematical objects, as an “action of pure thought" [CPR, B 81]. A ‘constructive’ understanding of mathematical acts going back to Euclid’s genetic method is an important innovation introduced by Kant. This understanding is at the heart of modern mathematical formalism, intuitionism, and constructivism. Within Kant’s constructivism, mathematics can be described as a two-tier system, which suggests a “shift” ...

... of the function usually called “understanding” when directed towards appearances given in time and space. Understanding becomes imagination when it obeys not only the laws of logics, but also the laws of time. Homogeneity (a concept that plays an important role in the theory of schematism) is explained with reference to Tetens’s Philosophical Essays on Human Nature (1777). The explanations of concepts provided in the article are not exhaustive. They are discussed in more detail in the author’s ...

... article focuses on the relation between the subject and object in theory of cognition. Special attention is paid to the role of social communication in the construction of the real world. The author stresses that the language communication plays an important role in this process. Thereby, it affects human cognition as well as all existence. When discussing this phenomenon, the author uses the methodology that was symbolically described by Kant as the Copernican turn. Wilhelm von Humboldt was one ...

... winter semester 1783/84, i. e. the period between the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason, and shortly before the publication of Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. Thus, these lectures are of special important for studying the process of development of the key ideas of Kant’s philosophy. Being an interim variant between The Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reasons, these lectures contain a number of explanations contributing to ...

... implements Kantian ethos (spirit), which can be understood as the free use of reason. Using Rawlsian approach, the author attempts to defend Rawls from the accusation that he fundamentally misunderstands Kant. This defense is based on that the most important element of Kant’s philosophical legacy is the critical attitude (or ethos) rather than a specific concept (for instance, the categorical imperative). This article identifies the intersections between Rawls’s and Kant’s ideas, as well as ...

This article focuses on the analysis of the problem of evil in Kant’s works. The author attempts at reconstructing the key stages of Kant’s logic of ethics and, on this basis, reconstructs his idea of evil. Of special importance is the analysis and criticism of the anthropology-focused study of the sources of good and evil in the work Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. The author sees the key to understanding Kant’s approach to the problem of evil in ...

... on the one hand, to inscribe the works of the Russian philosopher Hessen into the Neo-Kantian tradition and, on the other hand, to emphasise the originality of his philosophical position in the framework of Neo-Kantianism. The author identifies two important aspects in the analysis of the Russian thinker’s works: his attention to the philosophical practice and the evolution of his philosophical views towards Platonism. As to the problem of philosophical practice, when analyzing Hessen’s works ...

... without which legal rules cannot be formulated. Legal rules are an expression of the normal (typical) human consciousness and behavior. However, law is also a fact of social life. In effect, law is exercised through legal relations and, therefore, an important role is played by the understanding of subjective law. Legal relations are realized through personal rights and legal responsibilities; they are concrete, singular, and individual. 1. Белов В. Н. Проблема рационального ...

A thorough analysis of the structure of the treatise constituting the first Critique and its comparison with the analogous structure of the second and third Critiques show that the Critique of Pure Reason lacks such an important element as the antinomy of pure theoretical reason. Of course, it is implied in the text: Kant’s reasoning is based on it and takes it into account. However, it is not explicitly expressed. Instead of this crucial structural element, which ...

Kant has a reputation of one of the chief proponents of political liberalism. However, some of his important ideas can qualify as conservative. Their consequences are reaching far enough to sug¬gest a reevaluation of Kant as an unconditional liberal. Kant's generally liberal understanding of aims and values of a political process (which is, however,...

... paper is devoted to the contemporary discussions about the history of analytic philosophy, the criteria of its distinguishing as a philosophical movement and its present status. It is emphasized that its ambivalent attitude to Kant’s philosophy is important for understanding the character of analytic philosophy. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Логика Канта и метафизика Стросона // Кантовский сборник. 2011. Вып. 3. С. 7—17. 2. Вригт Г. ...

... Peace», written in late XVIII century, with the implementation of nowadays project of European Union? 2) If such parallels are possible, to what extent the structure of the EU corresponds to Kant's vision? 3) Which Kantian ideas are of the foremost importance to future development of the EU? Basing on the analysis of Kant's treatise and of the current structure of the EU, the author arrives to the conclusion that the two projects can suitably be compared. However, such comparison requires viewing ...

There are two important facts that prevent the success of the so called "ontological argument": 1) the use of the concept of existence as a real predicate and 2) the confusion of de re and de dicto modalities. The article considers a way to overcome the former ...

This article is the second part of the research concerning the publications of Russian scholars in Kant-Studien, the leading periodical dedicated to Kant studies and the most important print of the International Kant Society. The article describes the history of publications of Russian authors from 1974 to 2008. 1. Asmus V. F. Dialekticheskij materializm i logika. Ocherk razvitija dialekticheskogo metoda v novejshej filosofii ...

... Neokantianer M. Kagan to create a concept of philosophy of history through developing the main ideas of philosophy of history formulated by his teacher, the founder of the Marburg School of Neokantianism, H. Cohen. The author emphasizes the cardinal importance of philosophy of history for the philosophical position of the Russian thinker. 1. Каган М. И. Автобиографические заметки // Каган М. И. О ходе истории / ред.-сост. В. Л. Махлин....

The article considers the issue of developing students’ critical thinking as an important competence in the 21st century educational context. Having analyzed the international re­search, the authors attempt to present approaches to interpreting the concept of “critical thin­king,” its component composition, and methods of its ...

... the Smolny Insti­tu­te of Noble Maidens, in preparing future female graduates for professional activities as ho­me teachers and governesses is detailed. The research methodology is based on an aspectual app­roach: considering only one aspect, the importance of curricula in implementing pedago­gical training. Additionally, a conceptual approach, historical method, and retros­pec­tive exa­mination of practical experience are applied in a certain part of the research.

... modern literary study to revise the Soviet ideological interpretations of Decembrism, as well as by the task of thorough analysis of Bulat Okudzhava’s novel “Journey of Dilettantes” (1971–1977), an iconic book of the late Soviet era. The most important artistic statement of the writer is considered in the context of the “Decembrism myth” of the Soviet intelligentsia, which achieved the peak of its popularity in the 1970s. The purpose of the study is to clarify the originality of the author’s ...

... for translation of works into Arabic, though the number of translators and publishers popularizing German literature in Syria is growing. The activities of translators (for example, Abdo Abbud, Fuad Ayub, Mohammed Jadid, Ahmed Al-Hammo), who played an important role in promoting the works of German-speaking authors, are examined in detail. The novel by German writer Patrick Süskind «Perfumer» («Das Parfum») was chosen as an example for a more detailed analysis.

... Poplavsky’s book of verses “Snowy hour”. Biblical allusions, lyrical plot of poems, composition and an image of lyrical subject are considered. Researched levels of literary text are studied with connection with the image of Christ, whose personality has important place in religious diaries of the poet. This diaries becomes the foundation of the lyrical book and in them theological conception of “Snowy hour” is justified. Contents of the article is presented of analyze and disclosure of main topics ...

... conceptual, and interpretive. Special attention is paid to the linguistic factors that influence the creation of metalinguistic utterances, in particular, the word-formation potential of the German language (neologiza­tion). The article also stresses the importance of extralinguistic context, the knowledge of which enables to interpret the meanings of lexical units as cogni­tive phenomena. Among the basic techniques of conceptualization being de­scribed are nomination, predication (identifying the main ...

... the sentence, the most significant function of which is determin­ing interrelation between semantic and syntactic organization of the sentence and the context (text, discourse, communicative register, functional style etc.) it is functioning in. The importance in the primary text analysis is headlined, considering contribution in its semantic structure of semantic models. The authors also give and interpreted some results of the analysis of the represen­tation of structural-semantic types of sentences ...

... the word origin. The results of the present study have both theoretical meaning value for the linguistic aspect, they are significant for evaluating the processes which are intensively occurring in the time of information sciences technology, and also important for the German language teaching. 1. Волкова Т. И. Процессы фонетической ассимиляции иноязычной лексики в современном немецком языке : дис. … канд. ...