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... in defining abstract concepts/simulators (abstract lexical meanings). The pro­posed functional approach is based on the dichotomy 'perceptual (external) vs. functional (internal)' that goes back to Ivan Sechenov. These cognitive units are shown to play funda­mentally different roles. The function — the embodied human response to the perceived object and the typical interaction with it — strictly defines the concept and the category set by it. The percept — the appearance of the object — ...

... recipients. While the critic prefers to frame the utter­ance in a predictable way by placing it into a fixed context and literally interpreting the ut­terance, the ally, on the contrary, is open to a variety of contexts and is ready to participate in a play of the pragmatic unfolding of an utterance. The latter type of reception underlies the possibility of the recipient’s creative engagement with a communicative experiment of the avant-garde. Austin, J. L., 1962. How to Do Things with Words....

... article analyzes the Swedish translation of the short story Continuidad de los parques, written by the Argentine author Julio Cortázar and translated into Swedish by the translator Jan Sjögren. This short story is an excellent piece of metafiction as it plays with the re­lationship between a fictional reader and the real reader. By creating an aesthetic illusion, Cor­tázar leaves the reader in a tense state with a number of unanswered questions during the rea­ding of the text. The analysis shows ...

In his novels, Dostoevsky refers to the Pushkin text to describe characters. For Dostoev­sky, Pushkin is an ethical and aesthetic touchstone; the writer’s voice is consonant with that of the poet’s persona. In some cases, the Pushkin text is embedded in religious discourse (the parable of the prodigal son). In interpreting the Pushkin text, Dostoevsky’s characters present and disclose themselves. The ‘dreamer’ from ‘White Nights’ invokes the Pushkin text to con­vey the values of his own. In her peculiar...

... the 19th century and starina in the 1920s—30s. Decades apart, the two words started to function as terms of friendship in a very similar way. Both were used at first to address an elderly stranger. At some point, they turned into means of language play and speech stylisation to finally lose their connection to folk speech and the semantics of age. The first one to complete the transformation was the word starina. As to starik, it apparently began to be used as a term of friendship in lan­guages ...

... by the solar symbolism, appears as a projection of Ego and of momentary consciousness. Olya, who is associated with the images of the moon and air, appears as a projection of the Anima, which refers to the subconscious. The narrator and his character play the role of the conscious part of the psyche abiding behind the momen­tary consciousness. Although the narrative is evidently about a mental illness, a split person­ality in the state of psychosis, it still structures past events and their analytical ...

This paper will argue that translations are willed into existence in three conceivable ways: pull, push and shuffle. Pull is the most intuitive form. It corresponds, for example, to a publishing house that decides to translate a foreign novel. Here, the initiative to invest in a new translation project is almost entirely located on the target side. The push mode, in con­trast, can be exemplified by a company that decides to localise its website to cater for foreign markets. Here the decisions to...

... With the proliferation of automatic translation pro­grams and the multilingual competence of readers, the interaction among languages also changes: translation as a search for equivalence gives way to an interlation, a constructive metamorphosis that plays on the inequivalence of different languages. Bakhtin, M., 1979. From the records of 1970—71. In: M. Bakhtin, ed. Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva [Aesthetics of verbal creativity]. Moscow: Iskusstvo (in Russ.). Bakhtin, M., 2002. Working notes ...

... tetrameter. Pirozhoks have no rhyme scheme, whereas, in poroshoks, the fourth line truncated to two syllables rhymes with the second line. The poroshok as a genre is a descendant of the pirozhok. Just as in jokes and several other genres, a punchline plays an important role in pirozhoks and poroshoks. In Russian, the punchline is termed puant, which is a borrowing from French (la pointe). The truncation of the final line in a poroshok puts it in a special position. The truncated line, independently ...

... multilanguage anagrammatic code highlights the connection of the name of the pro­ta­gonist with the two key concepts of the novel — love (LEV = LoVE) and death. Similarly, this code works with the names of Lyuda (‘ludus’ as ‘game’ in Latin; Lev playing with Lyuda — ‘homo ludens’). The name Arkady is semantically associated with death in the expression ‘et in Arcadia ego’. The names of the characters in the novel are the key to the understanding of the threefold structure of the text....

... Waugh’s novel Scoop, through the prism of imagology — the study of cultural stereotypes as presented in literature. Within the ideational structure of the novel, the author analyses the theory of négritude, which holds that the African civilisation plays a special role in the world. It is concluded that the négritude philosophy is expressed in the novel through grotesque and the theory of négritude should be analysed in the context of philosophical and historical categories of civilization and ...

This article identifies the dominant ideas of global and national culture comprising a special realm of pedagogical values designated as Orthodox pedagogical culture. These ideas are identified as spiritual foundations – an aggregate of standards playing a key role in describing the phenomenon of Orthodox pedagogical culture. 1. Амфилохий (Радович Ристо, митр. Черногорский и Приморский). Человек — носитель вечной жизни....

... homonymy, language game, and associative networks for Freud’s theory. Moreover, polysemy, initial context conditions, and the transfer of content from one coding into another — from the iconic image system into the symbolic conceptual one — also play an important role in dream interpretation. It is concluded that Freud anticipated key theoretical principles of modern cognitive linguistics. 1. Аверинцев С. С. Вода // Мифы народов мира. М., 1991. Т. 1. С. 240....

This article considers the types of anagrams used by Bulgakov in creating the names of characters. The analysis is based on the novels The White Guard, The Master and Margarita, The Fatal Eggs, Diaboliada, and Heart of a Dog, the play Flight, and various satirical articles and essays. 1. Амфитеатров А. В. Собр. соч. : в 10 т. М., 2000. Т. 1. 2. Булгаков М. А. Собр. соч. : в 8 т. М., 2007—2011. 3. Гаспаров Б. М. Литературные ...

... archaeography, its development and achievements in the late 18th — early 19th centuries. The most important of the new sources N. Karamzin used are investigated, including referencing in footnotes. It is concluded that the History of the Russian State played a considerable role in the popularization of documental heritage of ancient and medieval Russia. 1. Карамзин Н. М. История государства Российского. URL: http://rvb.ru/18vek/karamzin/4igr/toc_igr_kn1.htm ...

... is linked to the concept of literary etiquette. This concept is examined from a polemic standpoint since it does not fully conform to the genesis and function of hagiographic topoi. It is concluded that the worldview and mindset of the hagiographer play a crucial role in the creation of a vita belonging to a particular historical period and church traditions. The author addresses the problem of studying Russian hagiographic literature of the modern and contemporary periods. 1. Andronik (Trubachev),...

... cosmogonic ideas of the Church Fathers. However, the practical realisation of this image would have been impossible without the conscious creative contribution of the artist. Icon painters never perceived iconography as a dogmatic prescription. Iconography played the role of a cognitive scheme steering artists’ creative ideas. Creating visual metaphors required the development of rhythmic symmetry, based on linear repetitions and figurative semblances of elements. This principle of iconography is clearly ...

.... The article analyses the increasing interest in Russian culture in Lithuania, as well as the motivation for learning the Russian language, which can be explained by the desire to learn and understand Russian culture, read a book, watch a move or a play, feel a poem, etc. It is stated that a certain motivation for learning the Russian language can be the increasing interest in the works of F. M. Dostoyevsky. 1. Анненский И. Книга отражений. М., 1979. 2. Вайсета ...

This article emphasises that, in the history of the early Balts (the Aesti and Prussians), amber was a principal means of trade that was exchanged for necessary goods from Europe. In these conditions, amber played a dual role: on the one hand, it stimulated trade connections between the Balts and other peoples, on the other hand, it decelerated their own cultural and technological development. The author’s assumptions are corroborated by archaeological ...

... Nature, Virtue and the Good We Desire for Ourselves and for Others. Knowledge Cultures, 1/2, pp. 264-300. Zovko, M.-É. 2014. Impassioned by Passion: Knowledge and Love in Plato and Spinoza. Dionysius, 32, pp. 140-171. Zovko, M.-É., 2018. Poetry and Play in Kant’s Critique of Judgment. In: V. L. Waibel and M. Ruffing, eds. 2018. Akten des 12. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses „Natur und Freiheit“ in Wien, 21.-25. September 2015. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 3159-3166.

I critically examine the plausibility of Kant’s conception of rationalising, a form of self-deception that plays a crucial role for Kant’s moral psychology and his conception of the functions of critical practical philosophy. The main problem I see with Kant’s conception is that there are no theory-independent criteria to determine whether an exercise ...

... strategies — some broadly Aristotelian, some drawing inspiration from Kant’s formula of humanity — in ways that can strengthen and vindicate them. Notwithstanding the failure of the objection, I conclude by reflecting on how Kantian insights can yet play a significant role in a McDowellian view of moral deliberation and moral education. Ackeren, M. van and Sticker, M., 2018. Moral Ratio­na­lism and Demandingness in Kant. Kantian Review, 23(3), pp. 407-428. Anscombe, G. E. M., 1958. Modern ...

... obligatory for achieving the supreme degree of virtue, whereas pagans and atheists can achieve only its lowest degree. Kant criticises traditional proofs of the existence of God both in his pre-critical and critical periods. The author looks at the role God plays in Kant’s practical philosophy. Comparing the positions of Kant and Wolff, the author finds many similarities between them. Chief of them is that although both thinkers saw the moral/natural law as universal and obligating regardless of a person’s ...

... philosophers, has to bear in mind from the very beginning the deep differences of these leading aspects: Kant concentrates on the formal structure and the strictly subjective status of time as a form of intuition, Heidegger concentrates on the roles time plays in the daily human world orientation. Under these methodical and conceptional pre-suppositions a close examination must come the result, that both conceptions complement, even complete one another. Heidegger comes closer to the type of time-experience ...

My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history of that current of thought. His books Ethics of Pure Will (1904) and Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (1919) offer a detailed analysis of the relationships between I and Thou, I and It,...

... towards Kant’s essay On a Newly Arisen Superior Tone in Philosophy. I show that the central Kantian theorem of the fact of reason con­verges with his doctrine of respect to the moral law as intelligible feeling. This rapprochement allows the latter to play an argumentative role that, by serving as ratio cognoscendi of freedom, is also of epistemic value. Kant’s practical philosophy turns out to be based on a quasi-phenomenological intuitionism of finite reason in which aesthetic elements are of such ...

Sergey Hessen builds his philosophy of culture on Heinrich Rickert’s theory of values. Like Rickert, he believes that the individual plays a key role in the formation of culture. The individual exercises freedom only in creative activity and the degree to which he fulfils his creative potential depends not only on the cultural context in which it happens, but also on the regulation ...

... 73-364. Schiller, F., 1962. Die Piccolomini. In: F. Schiller, 1962. Sämtliche Werke, Volume 2. 3rd edition. München. Available at: Zeno.org < http://www.zeno.org/nid/20005608333> ; [Accessed 5 April 2019]. Schiller, F., 2006. The Piccolomini. A Play. Translated by S. T. Coleridge. Available at: The Project Gutenberg Ebook < https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6786/6786-h/6786-h.htm> ; [Accessed 5 April 2019]. Schleiermacher, F. D. E., 1981. Brouillon zur Ethik, auf der Grundlage der Ausgabe ...

... reputation of an (ultra-)conservative. From that point of view the key values for Garve were the security and well-being of the state. I offer an alternative interpretation of Garve’s position because I believe that the value of political stability plays an important role in it. Such an interpretation makes it possible to treat Garve’s narrative as it was assessed by Kant, i.e. as a concession to the common principles of political practice as a result of a failure to find the guiding theory. My ...

... Germany. It was an important part of the whole philosophical culture of East Prussia, and, in some sense, even a factor of self-identification. This process, with a large variety of tasks and solutions in its interlacing and intermittent threads, has played an important role at the beginnings and development of other lines of the local Kant studies. Successes and failures are shown not only in our description, but also lively and emotional from the own standpoint of heroes of this history. Prospects ...

Postulates play an important role in Kant’s philosophy. Kant’s understanding of this term differs from the previous tradition. For Kant, postulates are originally subjective propositions necessarily supposed as objective ones. Otherwise, the systematic theoretical ...

The category of power is one of ontological predicates discussed by Kant in lectures on metaphysics. This concept expresses relation of substance to its attributes and plays an important role in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. Law is a simple form of unity incorporating an idea of the play of powers, whereas power is a category that makes it possible to understand the supersensible as a realm of laws. This interpretation ...

... philosopher’s views on law. However, the lecture notes (especially the introduction) are of equal importance to understanding certain problems of Kant’s ethical concept and interpretation of the connection between ethics and law. An important role is played by the concept of Billigkeit, which is rather difficult to translate into the Russian language and is found in other Kant’s texts on practical philosophy. This term is usually translated as justice. However, there is another word in the German ...

... instance of the function usually called “understanding” when directed towards appearances given in time and space. Understanding becomes imagination when it obeys not only the laws of logics, but also the laws of time. Homogeneity (a concept that plays an important role in the theory of schematism) is explained with reference to Tetens’s Philosophical Essays on Human Nature (1777). The explanations of concepts provided in the article are not exhaustive. They are discussed in more detail in the ...

... Saint-Pierre, Rousseau, and Kant is always relevant for the humanity. At the same time, the author stresses that more significant results in establishing peace and politics were achieved in the second half of the 20th century than ever before. Kant played the decisive role in this process being the only philosopher who took the issue of philosophical justification of perpetual peace to the logical conclusion. One can say that the humanity is now firmly on the path towards perpetual peace, whose ...

... rules cannot be formulated. Legal rules are an expression of the normal (typical) human consciousness and behavior. However, law is also a fact of social life. In effect, law is exercised through legal relations and, therefore, an important role is played by the understanding of subjective law. Legal relations are realized through personal rights and legal responsibilities; they are concrete, singular, and individual. 1. Белов В. Н. Проблема рационального и иррационального ...

... cooperation of Königsberg researchers of Kant's life and philosophy with each other, and about continuity in their work. It is shown that the popularization work in all its forms has been conducted to date and the first to the last years of this trend, has played a major role in the emergence and development of other lines of activity. An author's translation of a number of fragments of the above publications. The prospects of the development of indepth and detailed analysis of the described compositions,...

This article focuses on the relation between the subject and object in theory of cognition. Special attention is paid to the role of social communication in the construction of the real world. The author stresses that the language communication plays an important role in this process. Thereby, it affects human cognition as well as all existence. When discussing this phenomenon, the author uses the methodology that was symbolically described by Kant as the Copernican turn. Wilhelm von Humboldt ...

... the influence of this interpretation on the translation of Kant’s Anschauung.The author identifies a number of reasons that inspired the intuitivist to translate the CPR. Fol¬lowing Kant’s philosophy, Lossky had sufficient arguments in the game played in the field of his teacher and opponent, the Russian Kantian A. I. Vvedensky; moreover, he proved the inconsistency of Vvedensky’s interpretation of transcendental philosophy. It is shown that the experience of translating CPR and the critical ...

... damned place”, written by M. I. Voskresensky, little known author of the “second line” is revealed through the changes the main character has undergone within three years and female twin-images, who look similar, but differ in nature. Duality plays a significant role in novel’s plot, it reveals characters’ personalities. At the same time duality of female images becomes a moment of their testing, examination of their morality and feelings. Male images (Linsky and Lonsky) do not pass this ...

... center for translation of works into Arabic, though the number of translators and publishers popularizing German literature in Syria is growing. The activities of translators (for example, Abdo Abbud, Fuad Ayub, Mohammed Jadid, Ahmed Al-Hammo), who played an important role in promoting the works of German-speaking authors, are examined in detail. The novel by German writer Patrick Süskind «Perfumer» («Das Parfum») was chosen as an example for a more detailed analysis.

... of the professional portfolio of the future teacher. The main goal of the article is to expand the evidence base of research in the field of teacher education by analyzing the specifics of teacher training for the education system in Singapore, which plays a decisive role promoting school education in this country. Methodologically, the study relied on an integrated approach with elements of a socio-­cultural approach while analyzing the features of the educational situation in Singapore, an axiological ...