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... humble person in the hagiography of Ancient Rus. Germenevtika drevnerusskoi literatury [Hermeneutics of Old Russian Literature], 16-17, pp. 9-388 (in Russ.). Ilyin, I.A., 2000. Sobranie sochinenii. Perepiska dvukh Ivanov (1927-1934) [Collected Works. Correspondence of two Ivan (1927-1934)]. Moscow (in Russ.). Keler, L., 1972. I. S. Shmelev about himself and about others. In: N. Poltoratsky, ed. Russkaya literatura v emigratsii [Russian literature in exile]. Pittsburgh (in Russ.). Lebedev, N.V., 1994....

... Dmitriev, A. P., Fedorov, D. A., 2016. Krymskaya voina v istorii Rossii i v zhizni slavyanofil'skogo semeistva: Perepiska Very Aksakovoi i Marii Kartashevskoi (1853—1856) [The Crimean War in the history of Russia and in the life of the Slavophil family: Correspondence between Vera Aksakova and Maria Kartashevskaya (1853—1856)]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Dragomanov, M. P., 1876. Turki vnutrennie i vneshnie: Pis'mo k izdatelyu “Novogo vremeni” [Turks internal and external: Letter to the publisher ...

... these two members of the Petersburg “Society for the Study of Poetic Language”(OPOIAZ) conceived of the writer as a rational agent pursuing a specific goal, and of the means at his/her disposal to attain it. Their approaches, I will illustrate, correspond well to two specific types of rationality: “instrumental” and “bounded.” To conclude, I will juxta­pose the Formalists’ conceptualization of poetic creativity to Mikhail Bachtin’s view on the subject arguing that the way he conceives ...

... Divine wisdom', 'following the path of God', etc. I argue that lexemes with the stem бог- (God) in the texts of the XV-XVII centuries are parts of a broader paradigm of 'conforming to the standards of Christian dogmas, positively assessed vs not corresponding to the standards, negatively assessed”. This assessment forms the basis of the axiology of the Christian doctrine. Likhachev, D. S., ed., 1997. Biblioteka literaturyi Drevney Rusi [Library of literature of ancient Russia]. St. Petersburg....

... elements of communicative actions; 2) the verbal manifestation of an utterance differs fundamentally from a communicative action; 3) the cognitive condition of the author of an action imposes a limit on meaning formation within the action and within the corresponding sentence of a text; 4) communicative meaning formation implies that the author sees sense in the procedure of communication per se rather than in reflecting reality or conveying thoughts; 5) when perceiving a written text, the reader’s ...

... the spiritual ascension of Saint Paraskevi of Iconium and Saint Juliana of Nicomedia. The common motifs in the two vitae are flagellation (whipping), death by beheading, and the punishment of torturers after the execution of the martyrs. Both vitae correspond to the Passion of the Lord. The vita of Saint Paraskevi of Iconium reveals the symbols of the Passion. It is stressed that the icons of Paraskevi the Great Martyr from the collection of the Rybinsk museum and preserve differs from the copy ...

... Petersburg University. History], 4. 11. Mavrodin, V. V., 1968. Boris Dmitrievich Grekov (1882—1953). Leningrad. 12. Paneyakh, V. M., 2001. About the case of B. D. Grekov. Otechestvennaya istoriya [Native history], 4. 13. Sporov, D. B., ed., 2002. Correspondence of S. V. Veselovsky and V. D. Grekov (May 1929 — December 1930). Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 2001 god [Archaeographic Yearbook 2001]. Moscow. 14. Filimonov, S. B., 2004. Khraniteli istoricheskoi pamyati Kryma [Keepers of the historical ...

... transforms. The differences between the above-mentioned schools relate to the way translation is perceived; they also show which cognitive operations or procedures each linguistic paradigm identifies as priority ones. The understanding of translation corresponds to different cognitive operations — shared knowledge is important for structuralism, perspectivisation is relevant to cross-cultural studies, and blending is crucial for cultural transfer studies. 1. Dem'yankov V. Z., 1996. Joint knowledge ...

This article addresses the structure of the ‘mission’ religious conceptual field in the discourse of the German theologian J. H. Wichern. The structure of the corresponding core concept incorporates basic characteristics – representatives of group meanings and varying characteristics, i. e. the author’s interpretation of group meanings. 1. Кубрякова Е. С. О тексте и критериях ...

... detailed account of his visit to I. Kant in Königsberg on June 18, 1789. Published in 1791, his report is important as the first printed mentioning of Kant in Russian. Karamzin was looking forward to meet J. K. Lavater in Zürich, with whom he had already corresponded for three years, but Kant warned him of Lavater’s excessive imagination, which let him believe in dreams and magnetism. Lavater’s ‘Schwärmerei’ was above all attacked by the publishers F. Nicolai and J. E. Biester, whom Karamzin ...

Writing his History of the Russian State N. M. Karamzin used the Russian chronicles, embassy documents, and diplomatic correspondence. He was among the first historians to turn to foreign sources, and to that end had to obtain copies of the documents shedding light on the relations between the Moscow State and the Teutonic Order in the first quarter of the 16th century....

..., the development and availability of the Internet, and the intensification of tourist contacts result in the modification of programmes of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The author stresses the need to develop a relevant didactic framework corresponding to the demands and expectations of students. 1. Беглова Е. И. Семантико-прагматический потенциал некодифицированного слова в публицистике постсоветской ...

... the key typological feature of holy fools. The article also analyses images of saint in the anthropological and axiological aspects, which makes it possible to explain the motivation of the “paradoxical” behaviour of holy fools and prove that the corresponding type of holiness relates to the ideas of boldness and humility as the ultimate form of self-denial. Византийские легенды / отв. ред. Д. С. Лихачев. Л., 1972. 2. Живов В. М. Святость : ...

... and conscious-making. I begin by examining Kant’s concept of inner sense and point out that inner sense as a receptive faculty depends on self-affection. In so doing, I emphasise that self-affection includes both a pure and an empirical aspect which corresponds to Kant’s distinction between the transcendental synthesis of imagination and the empirical synthesis of apprehension. Then, I focus on the pure aspect and argue that the conceptualising function involved in the pure self-affection is decisive ...

... Theoretical Philosophy 1755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 373-416. Kant I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by P. Guyer, A. Wood. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1999. Correspondence. Translated and edited by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2004a. Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. Translated by M. Friedman. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2004b. Prolegomena to Any ...

... Cambridge University Press, pp. 109-288. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited and translated by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1999. Declaration Concerning Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre. In: I. Kant, 1999. Correspondence. Translated by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 559-560. Kant, I., 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgement. Translated by P. Guyer and E. Matthews. Edited by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I....

In the mid-1760s, Johann Heinrich Lambert wrote a letter to Kant who offered cooperation with a view to reforming metaphysics. Based on the short correspondence between the two philosophers, it can be shown that this cooperation could never really come about. Nevertheless the thesis was sometimes put forward in research that Lambert had a defining influence on Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations ...

... Kant has transferred the technique of visualisation from natural sciences to the objects of philosophical inquiry, thus contributing to the development in the humanities of representative practices, the scientific method of observation as well as the corresponding epistemic and literary genre. Baecker, D., 2013. Foreword: A Mathematics of Form, a Sociology of Observers. Cybernetics and Human Knowing, 20(3-4), pp. 5-8. Baeva, A. V., 2019. Historization of Scientific Observation in Modern Science ...

... Criticism of Culture]. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 56-66. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 1996. Critique of Practical Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical philosophy. Translated and edited by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139-271. Kant, I., 1999. Correspondence. Translated and edited by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lask, E., 1923. Fichtes Idealismus und die Geschichte In: E. Lask, 1923. Gesammelte Schriften. Volume 1. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), pp. 1-274. Natorp,...

In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the...

... religion into the classical triad of any system of philosophy, i. e. effectively formulating that phenomenon in logical concepts, ethical postulates and aesthetic principles touched the very foundations of that system. Drawing mainly on the rough notes and correspondence of Cohen and Natorp I argue that, in spite of internal and quite important differences over the problems of religion and its place in philosophical constructions, Cohen and Natorp, first, retained their commitment to critical idealism and ...

... Edited by P. Heath and J. B. Schneewind. Translated by P. Heath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer, A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16. Kant, I., 1999. Correspondence. Translated and edited by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 17. Kuehn, M., 2001. Kant. A Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 18. Krouglov, A. N., 2015. Die Wahrheit der Welt in Meiers Kosmologie. In: F. Grunert,...

... the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by M. J. Gregor. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1998b. Religion within a Boundaries of Mere Reason. Translated by A. Wood, G. D. Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1999. Correspondence. Translated and edited by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2002. Critique of Practical Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar. Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett. Kinser, M., 2011. Spinoza on Human Freedom: Reason, ...

... 109(4), pp. 483-523. Hintikka, J., 1969. On Kant’s Notion of Intuition (Anschauung). In: T. Penelhum and J. J. MacIntosh, eds. 1969. The First Critique. Reflections on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. Belmont: Wadsworth, pp. 38-53. Kant, I., 1999. Correspondence. Translated and edited by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2000a. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2000b. Critique of the ...

... the context of Kant’s contemporaries. Proceeding from this study the next part of the article will offer my own interpretation of Kant’s concept of Gesinnung in the Critical period and suggest a uniform translation of the term into Russian with a corresponding grounding of my choice. Abbott, T. K., 1883. First Part of the Philosophical Theory of Religion. In: Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason and Other Works on the Theory of Ethics. London: Longmans, pp. 323-360. Alisson, H. E....

... that the concepts of original acquisition and voluntary transfers are also at odds with the idea of a redistributive justice. At this point, it will be very useful to notice that the first two principles of justice in holdings of Robert Nozick roughly corresponds to the first two sections of Kant’s theory of acquisition of external things in the private right. Finally, I will sketch an objection against political uses of a principle of historical rectification of acquisitions. The principle of rectification ...

... with some special traits, which has significantly contributed to the culture of the town. Core activities were formed by the Society of Kant’s Friends, as well as by archival studies, i. e. collecting, annotating and publishing Kant’s manuscripts, correspondence, and lecture notes. In view of primary and secondary sources we would suggest to structure this movement in four lines: popularization; biographical research; collection and publication of manuscripts, letters and lecture notes; interpretation ...

... Lehrgedicht, Halle. Vaihinger, H. 1923—1924, Pessimismus und Optimismus vom Kantschen Standpunkt aus, in: Archiv für Rechts- und Wirtschaftsphilosophie, Bd. 17, pp. 161—188. Voltaire, 1830, Œuvres, par J. Q. Beuchot, Т. 38, Paris. Voltaire, 1880, Correspondance: année 1738, in: Œuvres comp­lètes de Voltaire, Т. 34, Paris, pp. 374—582. Voltaire, 2005, Candide: or Optimism, Penguin. Voltaire, 2013, Poem on the Lisbon Disaster, transl. by A. Lyon. URL: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55316­a­­91e4b06d7c3b4 ...

... Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, D. Murdoch, vol. 1. Cambridge. Descartes, R. 1994, Discours de la Méthode / Discourse on the Method: A Bilingual Edition with an Interpretive Essay, transl. by G. Heffernan, Notre Dame. Descartes, R. 2000, Philosophical Essays and Correspondence, ed. with intro. by R. Ariew, Indianapolis; Cambridge. Dragalina-Chernaya, E. 2015, Neformal’nye zametki o logicheskoi forme [Informal notes on logical form], St. Petersburg. (In Russ.) Dragalina-Chernaya, E. 2016a, The Roots of Logical ...

... to prove the thesis that Cohen's reception of Spinoza's thought is character-ized by a sequence of what we can find in the whole philosophical system of Marburg Neo-Kantian. Fluctuations in Cohen's interpretation of Spinoza's theoretical constructs correspond to a progres-sive refinement of his own philosophical system project. This research does not aim to shed new light on the wide panorama presented approaches and points of view on the attitude of Cohen to Spinoza, which has not yet studied its ...

... article aims to explicate Kant’s understanding (resp. justification) of the abstract nature of mathematical knowledge (cognition) as the “construction of concepts in intuition” (see: “to construct a concept means to exhibit a priori the intuition corresponding to it”; [CPR, A 713/В 741], which is “thoroughly grounded on definitions, axioms, and demonstrations” [CPR, A 726/В 754]. Unlike specific ‘physical’ objects, mathematical objects are of abstract nature and they are introduced ...

... comprises ‘faculties of the mind’, as Kant calls them, namely, evaluation, cognition, and practical activity and norms. These forms of activity correlate with the world of possibilities, the actual world, and the world of necessity. Grammatical moods correspond to the modal worlds and the ‘faculties of the mind’. All this means that Kant’s system finds a reflection in the system of language, which is another argument in favour of the organicity of his philosophy. However, the philosophical ideas ...

... consider these two thinkers the most prominent exponents of transcendental philosophy. The differences in the ontological aspects are interpreted based on the similarities and differences in the epistemological objectives of both philosophers. This corresponds to the principles and programmes of comparative investigations in Kant’s and Husserl’s philosophies, which were proposed by Russian and international philosophers such as Paul Ricoeur, Alexey Chernyakov, William McKenna. The distinctions ...

... phenomena. Without a philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of law, lawyers will be able to neither understand Kant’s “idealism”, nor explain the connection between this idealism and legal practice. The article presents two strategies corresponding to the spirit of Kant’s constitutional state in the modern Russian conditions: the principle of developing a moral (rather than competent) personality and the principle of population preservation. A necessary condition for the effectiveness ...

... special local direction in the history of philosophy. Core activities in this direction formed the Society of Kant’s Friends, as well as "archival Kant studies" — the work of collecting, annotating and publishing the manuscript heritage, correspondence and lecture notes Kant. Given the large volume of primary and secondary sources, we propose a variant ofspecification of structure of Kant Studies in Königsberg — four lines of activity: popularization; biographical research and publications; ...

... article aims to explicate Kant’s understanding (resp. justification) of the abstract nature of mathematical knowledge (cognition) as the “construction of concepts in intuition” (see: “to construct a concept means to exhibit a priori the intuition corresponding to it”; [CPR, A713/В 741], which is “thoroughly grounded on definitions, axioms, and demonstrations” [CPR, A726/В 754]. Mathematical objects, unlike specific ‘physical’ objects, are of abstract nature (a-obj¬ects vs. the-objects) ...

... on moral philosophy based on Kant’s “Tugendlehre”, political economy, general encyclopedia, and natural law. The professor of poetry Karl Ludwig Poersсhke, former Kant’s student, was another of his favourite teachers.Swiecicki’s surviving correspondence is kept in the library of the Poznan Society of Friends of Learning. All cited letters were addressed to Franciszek Malinowski (the father of the Polish linguist Franciszek Ksawery Malinowski). The letter of March 3, 1804 informing about ...

... being in general, including the notion of ‘human being’, whereas the notion of freedom as freedom of choice relates to a real human individual. However, the latter is capable of moral improvement through a “revolution in the disposition” and can correspond to the human determination — the ideal — despite one’s weaknesses. 1. Кант И. Религия в пределах только разума // Кант И. Трактаты. СПб., 1996. 2. Кант И. Критика практического ...

... conceptual transfer between the source and target mental spaces. Examining the case of Pärnu Elegies (1981) by David Samoylov, the article demonstrates the necessity of completing the conceptual blending method by the poet’s diaries and personal correspondence data. Adhering to the interdisciplinary transfer theory (V. V. Feshchenko) the article borrows the literary studies category of hypotext (G. Genette) to perform the linguistic analysis. Combining the MIP(VU) (Metaphor Identification Procedure),...

... identified several indicators of business letter consistency, like its self-designation, the direction of communication, capability of initiation, inclusion into a particular group of documents on the basis of their function. Within the system of business correspondence, which existed in the offices of the Don Cossack Army, business letters were informing and regulatory documents that accompanied the process of investigation, provided multi-level business communication (from a superior to an inferior, ...

... organization contributes to the functioning of the space of the novel as oneiric. Special attention is paid to the border of the real and the unreal, its permeability and the means of artistic depiction of these processes. The duality of the chronotope corresponds to the principle of the liminality of space (room 13 in the hotel appears at night and disappears during the day). Thus, the diversity of spatiopoetics, the variability of oneiric spaces, the liminality of the Gothic toposes, the permeability ...

... undifferentiated and dissected structural position of its constituent parts, its role in the formation of the modal organization of complex causal sentences is established, the modal-communicative potential of this conjunction is revealed, which is realized in the corresponding syntactic constructions.

... carried out additionally expanding the original value judgment by authoritative opinions, to introduce the necessary connotations. At the third stage, the formed value stereotype is used to create new value judgments regarding other artworks. Each stage corresponds to a specific repertoire of speech genres. The main genre models that function in modern art journalism were identified using literary criticism as an example. 1. Анненкова И. В. Современная медиакартина ...

... words. The article is aimed at determining the word-forming and stylistic specifics of lexical units related to the topic of the coronavirus pan­demic. For this purpose, the author collected the card index of lexical units which includes 186 items corresponded to the search parameters from various publicistic web-based media, mass media, social networks, blogs, forums using the continuous sampling method. The result of the study has shown that lexi­cal neologisms are characterized by occasional,...