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This article addresses the structure of the ‘mission’ religious conceptual field in the discourse of the German theologian J. H. Wichern. The structure of the corresponding core concept incorporates basic characteristics – representatives of group meanings and varying characteristics, i. e. the author’s interpretation of group meanings. 1. Кубрякова Е. С. О тексте и критериях его определения // Текст: Структура и семантика. М., 2001. Т. 1. С. 72—81. 2. Макаров М. Л. Основы теории дискурса. М....

1. Восточная Пруссия. С древних времен до конца Второй мировой войны: Исторические очерки. Документы. Материалы. Калининград, 1996. 2. Кант И. Сочинения: в 4 т. М., 1993. Т. 1. 3. Копейкин К. Может ли «объект(ив)ная» наука стать «экзистенциальной» //Христианство и наука: сб. докладов конференции IX международных Рождественских образовательных чтений. М., 2001. 4. Лавринович К. К. Альбертина: очерки истории Кёнигсбергского университета. Калининград, 1995. 5. Пригожин И., Стенгерс И. Время...

... Kant, 1992. Theoretical Philosophy, 1755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford in collaboration with R. Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 203-242. Kant, I., 1992b. Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality. In: I. Kant, 1992. Theoretical philosophy, 1755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford and R. Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 243-286. Kant, I., 1992c. On the Form and Principles of the Sensible and the ...

... Sciences, and Their Parts in Kant. Kantian Journal, 39(2), pp. 26-45. Lewin, M., 2021. Das System der Ideen. Zur perspektivistisch-metaphilosophischen Begründung der Vernunft im Anschluss an Kant und Fichte. Freiburg & München: Alber. Murphy, N., 1999. Theology and Science within a Lakatosian Program. Zygon, 34(4), pp. 629-642. Nagel, E., 1954. Sovereign Reason and Other Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Glencoe: The Free Press. Oizerman, T. I., 2014. Metaphilosophy; The Ambiva­lence of Philosophy....

... a new foundation of metaphysics. According to Kant’s limitation of cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ideas is impossible. This leads to a kind of “negative theology” of the highest principle and the supersensible as a whole. The reasons are rooted in the character of propositional thought, which can only circumscribe a singular, supersensible reality by means of predicative sentences and discursive thought....

In the mid-1760s, Johann Heinrich Lambert wrote a letter to Kant who offered cooperation with a view to reforming metaphysics. Based on the short correspondence between the two philosophers, it can be shown that this cooperation could never really come about. Nevertheless the thesis was sometimes put forward in research that Lambert had a defining influence on Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, also, and above all, with regard to the Newton-critical moments of this natur­al theory...

... philosophiae Aristotelis qua Series & Ordo librorum, Scopus & Subjectum […] olim a Michaele Piccarto Professore Organico Altdorffino concinnata Nuc iis partibus, quibus defficiebat, aucta, & notis plurimis altera vice illustrata, atque ad usum in Theolog.[iam] applicata A Joh. Conrado Dürrio SS. Theol. et Philos. Moral. in Acad. Altdorff. P. P. Altdorffi: Georg Hagen. Pisanski, G. Ch., 1886. Entwurf einer preußischen Lite­rärgeschichte. In vier Büchern. Hg. von R. Philippi. Königsberg: Wilhelm ...

... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-202. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited by and Translated by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2011. Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality. In: I. Kant, 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 221-250. Klenk, G.F., 1953. Heidegger und Kant. Gregorianum,...

Das vorliegende Buch greift mit dem Vermögen der Einbildungskraft ein Thema auf, das in eine lebhafte Forschungsdiskussion eingebettet ist (vgl. zuletzt etwa Schäfer, 2019; Fliethmann, 2019; Mühlbacher, 2019; Moeller und Whitehead, 2019; Horstmann, 2018; Costelloe, 2018; Altschuler, 2018; Sommadossi, 2018). Dem Band gelingt es, namhafte Forscherinnen und Forscher aus verschiedenen Disziplinen — der Philosophie, der Wissenschaftsgeschichte und den Kunstwissenschaften — zu diesem Thema zu versammeln...

... of the authentic man proceeding from God. Using the Gospel narrative about Jesus, Kant interprets the human nature of the archetype in the light of his general notions about the properties of this nature. It is widely believed that Kant’s ethical theology eliminates the divine nature of the archetype by stating that an entirely holy will cannot be a moral example for the infirm human will. Kant however says, merely as a critical philosopher, that there are not enough rational grounds for thinking ...

... Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, pp. 16-228. (In Russ.) Chicherin, B. N., 1999. Nauka i religiya [Science and Religion]. Moscow: Respublika. (In Russ.) Chistovich, I. A., 1857. Istoriya Sankt-Peterburgskoi Du­khovnoy Academii [History of St. Petersburg Theological Academy]. St. Petersburg: Typ. Iakova Treia. (In Russ.) Drobnickii, O. G., 1974. Ponyatie morali: istoriko-kriticheskiy ocherk [The Concept of Morality: A Historico-Critical Sketch]. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russ.) Ferretti, P., 1998. A Russian ...

This review covers the content of reports and discussions at the 12th Kant Readings Conference held in April 2019 and organised by the research unit of the Academia Kantiana of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad. Traditionally, Kant Readings have been thematically universal, embracing all the areas of Kant’s legacy. This time the conference focused on practical philosophy, i.e. the historical grounds and modern significance of Kant’s ethical thought as compared to other philosophical...

The prevailing interpretations of Spinoza’s ethical theory view it as an example of heteronomy in the Kantian sense of the term. I make a case for the claim that is not in harmony with such interpretations. In the course of the argument I discuss Kant’s concepts of autonomy and heteronomy showing how they refer to will and to ethics. Then I describe a group of interpretations which portray Spinoza’s moral theory as heteronomous. My critique begins by presenting some textual evidence which vividly...

.... The Jäsche Logic. In: I. Kant, 1992. Lectures on Logic. Translated and edited by J. Young. Cambrige: Cambridge University Press, pp. 521-641. Kant, I., 1996a. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology. Translated and edited by A. W. Wood and G. di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 39-216. Kant, I., 1996b. The Conflict of the Faculties. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology. Translated and edited by A. W. Wood ...

In a crucial paragraph (KrV, A 663-664 / B 691-692) of the first part of the “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic”, Kant discusses the specific status of the principles of homogeneity, specification, and continuity. In doing so, he refers to an already proven argument and thus to other passages of the Critique of Pure Reason. In search of this argument the “Transcendental Analytic” but in particular the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic” turn out to be possible reference points....

Numerous passages in the context of Kant’s philosophy of religion show without doubt his acquaintance with Lessing. But apart from the obvious affinity and agreement between Kant and Lessing with regard to many substantial questions, serious differences cannot be overlooked; the frequently diagnosed closeness and widely suspected “harmony” between the two is probably also the primary reason why important factual differences and controversial aspects have so far usually been neglected or ignored in...

... Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett. Kant, I., 2011a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by M. J. Gregor and J. Timmermann. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2011b. Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morals. In: I. Kant, 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 221-248. Krouglov, A. N., 2009. Filosofija Kanta v Rossii ...

... Philosophy and Psychology (1889—1918). Index of the Content. In: Studies in Russian Intellectual History. Yearbook for 1998, 2. Moscow: OGI, pp. 427-523. (In Rus.) Bulgakov, S.N., 2007. On the Need to Introduce Social Sciences in the Program of the Theological School (1906). In: M. A. Kolerov, ed. 2007. Studies in Russian Intellectual History. Yearbook for 2004/2005, 7. Moscow: Modest Kolerov, pp. 265-277. (In Rus.) Ermichev, A.A., ed. 2001. Filosofskoe soderzhanie russkih zhurnalov nachala XX v....

... Practical Philosophy. Translated & edited by M. J. Gregor, General Introduction by A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 353-604. Kant, I., 1996d. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology. Translated by G. Giovanni, edited by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 36-216. Kant, I., 1997. Lectures on Ethics. Translated & edited by P. Heath. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure ...

The philosophy of religion as presented by Hermann Cohen and Paul Natorp, the founders and main representatives of the Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism, is an important and at the same time controversial part of their philosophical systems. The discussion around the problems of religion began within the Marburg School and still continues among those who study that School. The reason for this is that “fitting” philosophical thinking about the phenomenon of religion into the classical triad of any...

In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the...

My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history of that current of thought. His books Ethics of Pure Will (1904) and Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (1919) offer a detailed analysis of the relationships between I and Thou, I and It, I and We. In the first book these relationships are considered from the ethical-legal point of view and in the second from the viewpoint of religious anthropology...

At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to...

... The following study attempts to give a differ­entiated presentation of Kant’s intellectual relationship with mysticism, which was not as unambiguous as it may seem, by first elaborating the historical background as well as the philo­sophical and theological contexts of Wilmans’ dissertation. Furthermore, the focus of my study is directed towards Kant’s essay On a Newly Arisen Superior Tone in Philosophy. I show that the central Kantian theorem of the fact of reason con­verges with his doctrine ...

The sources of Kant’s term Gesinnung and a review of the problems of its translation into English were presented in the first part of this article; the second part examines the novel features that Kant brings to the interpretation of this concept in the critical period. In the Critique of Practical Reason these include the questions of manifestation of Gesinnung in the world, apprehended through the senses, the method of establishing and the culture of truly moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem...

Poems devoted to Kant give different poeticalphilosophical interpretations of both the personality of philosopher and his teaching on God and human being. In his poems about Kant, poet Alexander Kushner demonstrates theological agnosticism, which correlates with Kant’s own theories. In the poem Kant's Mask and the aphorisms Kant Unmasked, Vl. Mikushevich addresses Kant’s attitude to God from the religiousphilosophical point of view. Such dialogue at a high level ...

The early reception of Kantianism in Russia at the turn of the 18th century took place at Moscow University and was connected with the endeavours of two graduates of Göttingen University. J. W. L. Mellmann was the first adherent of Kant's critical philosophy in Russia and thus provoked a philosophical-theological-administrative conflict, which led to his untimely death. J. G. Buhle taught one of the first courses on Kant's philosophy of the critical period and safely returned to Germany after a 20...

... Freiburg, 1969. 11. Schmucker J. Joseph Moreaus Interpretation der Kantischen Gottesbeweiskritik // Le Dieu des philosophes / Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. 1972. Bd. 54. S. 37—88. 12. Schmucker J. On the Development of Kant's Transcendental Theology. / ed. L. W. Beck. Proceedings of the Third International Kant Congress. Dordrecht, 1972. P. 495—500. 13. Schmucker J. Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant. Berlin, 1980. 14. Schmucker J. Kants vorkritische Kritik der Gottesbeweise. Wiesbaden,...

This article considers Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work “A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition”. The alternative interpretations of Kant’s argumentation offered by T. Pinder and J. Schmucker are discussed. The author comes to the conclusion that none of these interpretations has advantages over the traditional one. 1. Ермолаев В. К.. Аргументация Канта в схолии к теореме VI в «Nova dilucida­tuo»: традиционная интерпретация и связанные...

My article is devoted to one of the main concepts of early modern natural law, i. e. the concept of obligation. Starting with Pufendorf's concept of obligation, it will be demonstrated that the natural law is grounded on the will of God. In contrast, the concept of obligation in Christian Wolff's Philosophia practica universalis has no need to found the validity of obligation of natural law in God's will. Instead he developed a concept which was based on the idea of a free self-binding moral subject...

... Einleitung, welche eine kurze Übersicht der wichtigsten Veränderungen der Metaphysik seit Kant enthält, Erfurt, pp. 80—343. Kant, I. 1997, Metaphysik Mrongovius, in: Kant I. Lectures on Metaphysics. Cambridge. Kant, I. 2016, Lectures on Philosophical Theology, ed. by K. H. L. Pölitz, transl. and comment. by L. E. Kryshtop, ed. by A. N. Krouglov, Moscow. (In Russ.) Kanzian, Chr. 1993, Kant und Crusius 1763, in: Kant-Studien, Bd. 84, pp. 399—407. Klemme, H. F. 2008, Moralisches Sollen, Autonomie ...

In this article, I consider Kant’s dichotomy between general and transcendental logic in light of a retrospective reconstruction of two approaches originating in 14th century scholasticism that are used to demarcate formal and material consequences. The first approach (e. g., John Buridan, Albert of Saxony, Marsilius of Inghen) holds that a consequence is formal if it is valid — because of its form only — for any matter. Since the matter of a consequence is linked to categorematic terms, its formal...

... Pure Reason] in: Kant, I. Sochinenija v shesti tomah [The works in six volumes], vol. 3, Moscow. 3. Kant, I. 1964b, Issledovanie stepeni jasnosti prinzipov estestvennoj teologii I morali [Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality] in: Kant, I. Sochinenija v shesti tomah [The works in six volumes], vol. 2, Moscow. 4. Kant, I. 1965а, Prolegomeni ko vsjakoj buduschej metafisike, moguschej pojavitsja kak nauka [Prolegomena to any future metaphysics that may ...

... never considered the problems of philosophy of religion as minor ones. When comparing the two major works on religion, one cannot but notice the difference between objects constituting the logic of Kant’s reasoning. In the Lectures, this object is theology as a scientific discipline concerned with knowledge of god, whereas, in Religion, it is believers with their predispositions and capacities, generic and individual characteristics. Not unlike Critiques, where Kant moves from the theoretical to ...

... the role of the monarch in regulating interactions between different confessions. Thus, both thinkers stressed that the secular ruler had to pay heed only to the worldly happiness and wellbeing of his or her subjects. The major criterion for resolving theological disputes must be nothing else than upholding peace and order in the state. This article is supplemented with a translation of a section of Kant’s lectures on national law. 1. Kant, I. 2016, Lekzii o filosofskom uchenii o religii [Lectures ...

... of sufficient reason with freedom. It is demonstrated that, in the 18th century, necessity was understood very broadly, it held a special place in metaphysics in general and, in particular, in such metaphysical disciplines as cosmology, psychology, theology, and also ethics. 1. Бавмейстер Хр. Метафизика / пер. с лат. Я. В. Толмачева. М., 1808. 2. Вольф Хр. Разумные мысли о Боге, мире и душе человека, а также ...

... question of the Enlightenment in a 1784 article consisted not in addressing the words of Horace, which was commonplace in Germany of the time, but in linking it to the revised legal notion of immaturity, which is now interpreted from the philosophical and theological perspective and has become one of key philosophical notions. However, Kant’s view is fraught with certain complications: firstly, it is dominated by negative characteristics; secondly, unlimited use of one’s understanding can lead to logical ...

The originality of Kant’s answer to the question of the Enlightenment in a 1784 article consisted not in addressing the words of Horace, but in linking it to the revised legal notion of immaturity, which is now interpreted from the philosophical and theological perspective and has become one of key philosophical notions. However, Kant’s view is fraught with certain complications: firstly, it is dominated by negative characteristics; secondly, unlimited use of one’s understanding can lead to logical ...

... of the History of Ideas. Vol. 32, № 3, Jul-Sep. 1971. 8. Flikschuh, K., 2008. Reason, Right, and Revolution: Kant and Locke // Philosophy & Public Affairs. Vol. 36, № 4 (Fall, 2008). Р. 375—404. 9. Insole, Ch. Two Conceptions of Liberalism. Theology, Creation, and Politics in the Thought of Immanuel Kant and Edmund Burke // The Journal of Religious Ethics. Vol. 36, № 3, Sep. 2008. 10. Louden, R. Kant's Human Being: Essays on His Theory of Human Nature. Oxford University Press, 2011. ...

“Lectures on Poelitz’s philosophical theory of religion” are one of the four surviving manuscripts of Kant’s lectures on rational theology. The Lectures include an introduction, two parts, and an appendix. The introduction contains an overview of the basic questions and problems of rational theology, namely: the concept of theology, arts of natural theology, the idea of highest ...

The early reception of Kantianism in Russia took place at Moscow University at the turn of the 18th century and was connected with the endeavours of two graduates of Göttingen University. J. W. L. Mellmann was the first adherent of Kant's critical philosophy in Russia and thus provoked a philosophical-theologicaladministrative conflict, which led to his untimely death. J. G. Buhle taught one of the first courses on Kant's philosophy of the critical period and safely returned to Germany after a 20...

The possibilities for improvement of the first volumes of the Academic edition of Kant’s works are discussed. The collegiality and deliberativeness of the researchers and institutions, involved in Kantian studies, which allowed for the high quality of early volumes, is absent today. The responsible institutions and publishers do not react to information regarding even the most obvious shortcomings and mistakes that could be easily corrected, while the plans for future reprints are based predominantly...

... subject are considered. Researched levels of literary text are studied with connection with the image of Christ, whose personality has important place in religious diaries of the poet. This diaries becomes the foundation of the lyrical book and in them theological conception of “Snowy hour” is justified. Contents of the article is presented of analyze and disclosure of main topics , whose are announced in ego-documents of the poet and are founded artistic embodiment in his lyric. Aeon of Christ ...

The article establishes the boundaries of the musical analogy in the comments of H. Broch to the novel «Death of Virgil». In the novel, musicality is associated with the motives of ‘voice’ and ‘hearing’. Noting the propensity to onomatopoeia in the work of J. Joyce, H. Broch aims to depict the music of human speech. By doing so, he follows the prevailing tendencies in the music art of the beginning of the 20th century, reviving interest in vocal genres (cantata, oratorios). 1. Broch H. Der Tod des...

... времени // Вопросы язы­кознания. 1995. №   6. С . 54—76. 17.  Chambers 21 st Century Dictionary. Edinburgh , 2004. 18.  Ensor R.   C.K. England 1870—1914. Oxford , 1936. 19.  Lacoste J-Y. Encyclopedia of Christian Theology. N.   Y., 2004. V. 3 20.  Lakoff G., Johnson M. Philosophy in the flesh. N.   Y., 1999. 21.  Oxford Thesaurus of English. Oxford , 2004. 22.  The Aesthetics of Everyday Life / ed. by A. Light. N.   Y., 2005.

Through analysing the materials of he Wort und Wahrheit magazine of 1946, the author addresses the ways of interdisciplinary interaction in literary periodicals of post-war Austria. 1.  Bense M. Ptolemäer und Mauretanier oder die theologische Emigration der deutschen Literatur. Köln; B., 1950. 2.  Buck Th . Zu Georg Trakl Gedicht «Menschheit» // Austriaca. 2008. №   32—33. 3.  Honegger J.   B. Das Phänomen der Angst bei Franz Kafka. B., 1975. 4.  Janouch G. Gespräche...

The article explores the life of the Königsberg preacher Ludwig Ernst Borowski (1740—1831). Special attention is paid to his biography and his pastoral activities. A detailed analysis of Borowski's patriotic sermons (1806—1816) is undertaken; the idiosyncrasies of his literary style are emphasized. The main themes and subjects of pastor Borowski's sermons are vcarefully examined. The author emphasizes the significance of Borowski's personality for the intellectual and political life of Königsberg...

This article considers the literary career of the famous East Prussian poet Simon Dach in connection with the history of Koenigsberg University. With the support of the ruling house of the Electorate of Branderburg and Prussia, Dach managed to obtain the position of a professor of poetry at the university, with which both his work and life are closely connected. One of Dach’s university works is the poetic composition “Prussiarchus” dedicated to the centenary of Albertina (1644). This work is a poetical-allegorical...

This article examines the medieval logical theory of insolubles by Thomas Bradwardine as a way to solve the liar paradox in the period of Logica Modernorum. 1. Tomas Bradwardine. Insolubilia / Introd., Transl. and Notes by S. Read. P. ;Leuven ; Walpole, 2010. 2. Read S., Spade P. V. Insolubles // The Stanford Enciclopedia of Philosophy(Winter 2009 Edition) / ed. E. N. Zalta. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2009/entries/insolubles (дата обращения: 10.04.2012). 3. Read S. Miller, Bradwardine...

... Justice. Rev . ed. Harvard University Press, 1999. 20.  Rawls J. Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press, 2007. 21.  Schmitt C. The Concept of the Political. Expanded Edition. Chicago, 2007. 22.  Schmitt C. Political Theology. Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty. MIT Press, 1985. 23.  Ware K. The Orthodox Way. St Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1995.