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Kant’s natural philosophy in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science is heavily influenced by Newton’s Principia. However, a closer look makes it clear that Kant’s project has also been influenced by other thinkers. One of these thinkers is Leonard Euler. His work was of great influence for Kant, not only with regards to his view on space and inertia but on the relation between metaphysics and natural science in general. Even though Euler’s Physics built on Newton’s work, he differs from him in fundamental regards, leading to crucial developments inside classical mechanics. Here I will discuss the influence ...

... 2013, 3(45), pp. 112-114. (In Rus.) Lotman, Yu. M., 1995. Roman v stikhakh Pushkina “Eugene Onegin” [Pushkin’s Novel in Verse Eugene Onegin]. St. Petersburg: Iskusstvo. (In Rus). Pushkin, A., 1981. Eugene Onegin: a Novel in Verse. Translated from the Russian, with a commentary, by V. Nabokov. In 4 Volumes. Volume 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pushkin, A., 2007. Mozart and Salieri. In: A. Pushkin, 2007. Boris Godunov and Other Dramatic Works. Translated with notes by J. E. Falen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 121-132. Solovyov, V. S., 1988. Kant’s Formal Principle of Morality — Presentation and Evaluation with Critical Comments about Empirical Ethics. In: Solovyov,...

... University Press. Höffe, O., 1985. Introduction à la philosophie pratique de Kant. Castella: Albeuve. Kant, I., 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgment. Edited by P. Guyer. Translated by P. Guyer and E. Matthews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant,... ... Kant, I., 2006. Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective. In: I. Kant, 2006. Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History. Edited and with an introduction by P. Kleingeld; translated by D. L. Colclasure....

... analyse Schelling’s interpretation of the Kantian account of the ideal of reason. Schelling, on the one hand, agrees with Kant that being is not a real predicate, hence real existence cannot be deduced from essence in the sense of “what.” But, on the other hand, in contrast to Kant, he believes that real existence of the individual absolute must be assumed, which would be the subject for all possible predicates and whose being is ecstatically posited by reason as being external to itself. I raise ...

... Critique of Pure Reason. Edited by and Translated by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2011. Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality. In: I. Kant, 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 221-250. Klenk, G.F., 1953. Heidegger und Kant. Gregorianum, 34(1), pp. 56-71. Lehmann, G., 1955. Einleitung. In: Kant’s gesammelte Schriften hrsg. von der ...

... perspektivistisch-metaphilosophischen Begründung der Vernunft im Anschluss an Kant und Fichte. Freiburg & München: Alber. Murphy, N., 1999. Theology and Science within a Lakatosian Program. Zygon, 34(4), pp. 629-642. Nagel, E., 1954. Sovereign Reason and Other Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Glencoe: The Free Press. Oizerman, T. I., 2014. Metaphilosophy; The Ambiva­lence of Philosophy. In: T. I. Oizerman, 2014. Izbrannye trudi v 5 tomakh [Chosen Works in 5 Volumes]. Volume 5. Moscow: Nauka. Overgaard, S., Gilbert,...

... of God. In: I. Kant, 1992. Theoretical Philosophy, 1755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-201. Kant, I., 1998. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. In: I. Kant, 1998. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and Other Writings. Translated and edited by A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 31-191. Klemme, H., 2018. Der Grund der Verbindlichkeit. Mendelssohn und Kant über Evidenz in der Moralphilosophie (1762/64). Kant-Studien, 109(2), pp. 286-308....

... pp. 248-260. Rosefeldt, T., 2015. Unsterblichkeit. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr, und S. Bacin, Hg. 2015. Kant-Lexikon. Band 3. Berlin-Boston: De Gruyter, S. 2408-2410. Royce, J., 1912. Immortality. In: J. Royce, 1912. William James and other Essays on the Philosophy of Life. New York: Freeport, S. 257-298. Royce, J., 1940. Sources of Religious Insight. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Royce, J., 1967. Lectures on Modern Idealism. New Haven und London: Yale University Press. Royce, J., 1971. The ...

... Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. J. Gregor. Introduction by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133-272. Kant, I., 1998. Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. In: I. Kant, 1998. Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and Other Writings. Edited by A. W. Wood and G. di Giovanni. Introduction by R. M. Adams. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 31-192. Kleingeld, P., 2001. Nature or Providence? On the Theoretical and Moral Importance of Kant’s Philosophy of History....

... Nach einer erneuten Lektüre: Max Horkheimer, Die Sehnsucht nach dem ganz Anderen. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 5(68), pp. 659-688. Rawls, J., 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Rawls, J., 2000. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cambridge, MA & London: Harvard University Press. Sensen, O., 2013. Duties to Others from Respect. In: A. Trampota, O. Sensen and J. Timmermann, eds. 2013. Kant’s “Tugendlehre”. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 343-363. St. Augustine, 1955. Confessions and Enchiridion. Translated by A. C. Outler. Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics ...

... philosophy. The main problem I see with Kant’s conception is that there are no theory-independent criteria to determine whether an exercise of rational capacities constitutes rationalising. Kant believes that rationalising is wide-spread and he charges the popular philosophers and other ethical theorists with rationalising. Yet, his opponents could, in turn, charge him with rationalising and some theorists, namely Act-Consequentialists, seem to be in an even stronger position to charge Kant with rationalising than vice versa. In ...

... the differences in the views of the Russian Neo-Kantians on play as an activity crucial for the understanding of human childhood. According to Hessen, play is anomic, whereas Rubinstein sees it as a collaborative activity that can engender respect for other people and their rights, i.e., to legal consciousness. In conclusion, I address Hessen’s and Rubinstein’s understandings of the phenomena of law and legal consciousness, which determined their definitions of legal consciousness in children. Unlike Hessen, who insists that anomie is innate in early childhood, since children of that age are unfamiliar with ethical categories,...

... non-sceptic idealist or a global sceptic of Cartesian provenance or both. In this last case, a related problem is to know whether either of them is the Cartesian sceptic of the first Meditation, the idealist sceptic of the second Meditation and first part of the third Meditation, or some other non-sceptic idealist. I present and defend a new reconstruction of Kant’s “Refu­tation” as a successful argument against Mendelssohnian idealism of Cartesian provenance. This defence is based on a simple logical sketch of the proof provided ...

... 1995. Obekt znaniya: ob osnovakh i predelakh otvlechennogo znaniya [The Object of Knowledge: Principles and Limitations of Conceptual Knowledge]. Saint Petersburg: Nauka. (In Rus.) Kolerov, M. A., 2020. Sergey Askoldov’s Reviews concerning Kant and Others Published in the Russian Press in Early Twentieth Century. Kantian Journal, 39(2), pp. 80-93. Kornilaev, L. Yu., 2019a. “The Turn towards Ontology” in Russian Neo-Kantianism in the Late 1910s and Early 1920s (Lev Salagov and Nikolai Boldyrev). Kantian Journal,...

... Nevertheless, his interpretations sometimes seem to favour analysis of loose philological relationships over closer looks on the contexts of passages. Or he focuses excessively on isolated textual evidences for his readings without appropriately recognising the various other evidences against it. In what follows, I give examples for this criticism. 1. Beck, L. W., 1995. Kants Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. 3. Aufl. München: Wilhelm Fink. 2. Bittner, R., 1986. Moralisches Gebot und Autonomie. Freiburg & München: ...

... Neo-Kantians, which imply a new orientation towards ontology, are fairly independent, and not only on account of the original interpretation of Kantian critical philosophy and Neo-Kantian epistemology, but also on account of internal discussion with the Russian philosophers belonging to other movements (for example, intuitivists). The analysis of the onto-epistemological projects of Russian Neo-Kantians makes important additions to the picture of the reception of Neo-Kantianism in Russia. Boldyrev, N. V., 1922. Being and Knowledge,...

... legacies of Kant and Solovyov. These aspects will also be examined in light of the views of Solovyov’s contemporaries: K. D. Kavelin, L. N. Tolstoy, B. N. Chicherin, the brothers Trubetskoy, L. M. Lopatin, N. I. Grot, N. I. Kareev, and others in connection with their polemics around the philosophy of Kant and Solovyov. We also intend to pay attention to the influence of Solovyov on Russian Neo-Kantianism.

... Traditionally, Kant Readings have been thematically universal, embracing all the areas of Kant’s legacy. This time the conference focused on practical philosophy, i.e. the historical grounds and modern significance of Kant’s ethical thought as compared to other philosophical projects of the Enlightenment era. Due attention was paid to the reception of the ethics of Kant and the Enlightenment by philosophers in Russia and the West. Breakout groups discussed aspects of interconnection between the Enlightenment ethics and esthetics as well ...

... of modern music, too. Bomski, F. und Stolzenberg, J. hg., 2018. Genealogien des Geistes und der Natur. Diskurse, Kontexte und Transformationen um 1800. Göttingen: Wallstein. Dmitrieva, N. А., 2006. Kant’s Philosophy as Philosophy of Freedom: Other Globalisation. Voprosy Filosofii, 8, pp. 169-180. (In Rus.) Dmitrieva, N. А., 2009. German and Russian Neo-Kantianism in the Past, Present, and Future. Voprosy Filosofii, 3, pp. 165-175. (In Rus.) Fichte, J. G., 1971. Eigne Meditationen über ElementarPhilosophie, in: Gesamtausgabe der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band II, 3. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog,...

... Gegenstände aus der Moral, der Literatur und dem gesellschaftlichen Leben. 1. Teil. Breslau: bey W. G. Korn. Kant, I., 1793. On the Common Saying: ‘This May be True in Theory, but It Does Not Apply in Practice’. In: I. Kant, 1991. Political Writings.... ... University Press. Kant, I., 1795. Toward Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch. In: I. Kant, 2006. Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History. Edited and with an Introduction by P. Kleingeld. Translated by D. L. Colclasure....

... 2011. The Rationalists: Between Tradition and Innovation. Dordrecht & Heidelberg & London & New York: Springer, pp. 147-167. Melamed, Y. Y., 2013. Spinoza’s Metaphysics: Substance and Thought. New York: Oxford University Press. Nadler, S., 2014. The Lives of Others: Spinoza on Benevolence and Rational Virtue. In: M. J. Kisner, A. Youpa, eds. Essays on Spinoza’s Ethical Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 41-57. Rawls, J., 2000. Kant. In: J. Rawls, 2000. Lectures on the History of Philosophy. ...

... achieve my goal I have undertaken a textological analysis of the works of the earliest opponents and followers of the Kantian critique and a reconstruction of the conceptual field in the midst of which the transcendental subject has been planted. Among others I draw on the works of J. S. Beck, J. A. Eberhard, J. G. Hamann, F. H. Jacobi, S. Maimon, K. L. Reinhold, G. E. Schulze and A. Weishaupt. The authors of the period are grouped depending on the common themes and questions that prompted them to turn to the concept ...

... B 691-692) of the first part of the “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic”, Kant discusses the specific status of the principles of homogeneity, specification, and continuity. In doing so, he refers to an already proven argument and thus to other passages of the Critique of Pure Reason. In search of this argument the “Transcendental Analytic” but in particular the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic” turn out to be possible reference points. Although this contextualisation demands further ...

... rank” of the monotheistic religions which he claimed, and the asserted “competition of religions.” I investigate some of the main points of this criticism. Allison, H. E., 2011. Reason, Revelation, and History in Lessing and Kant. In: F. Rush und ... ... Heinz Heimsoeth zum 80. Geburtstag. Berlin: De Gruyter, S. 40-59. Hume, D., 2007. Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, and Other Writings. Edited by N. Coleman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Irrlitz, G., 2002. Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk....

... University Press. Kant, I., 1999. The Metaphysical Elements of Justice: Part One of The Metaphysics of Morals. 2nd ed. Translated, with introduction, by J. Ladd. Cambridge & MA: Hackett Publishing Company. Kant, I., 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kitcher, P., 2017. A Kantian Argument for the Formula of Humanity. Kant-Studien, 108(2), pp. 218-246. Klemme, H. F., 2015. “die vernünftige Natur existirt als ...

... i recenzii v izdaniyah duhovnyh i svetskih uchebnyh zavedenij, obshchenauchnyh, kritiko-bibliograficheskih, obshchestvenno-politicheskih i inyh zhurnalah: bibliograficheskij ukazatel’ [Philosophical Content of Russian Journals of the Beginning of the 20th Century. Issue 2: Articles, Notes and Reviews in Publications of Spiritual and Secular Educational Institutions, Scientific, Critical-bibliographic, Socio-political and Other Journals: Bibliographic Index]. Saint Petersburg: RHGA. (In Rus.) Frank, S.L., 1909. Pan-Ideal. In: M. A. Kolerov, ed. 2018. Arheologiya Russkogo Politicheskogo Idealizma: 1904—1927. Ocherki i Dokumenty. [Archeology of Russian Political Idealism: ...

... the late-1750s, when this concept — once characteristic of the partly unacceptable position that G. W. Leibniz defended in the Theodicy — came to describe Kant’s own views. Leaving aside Voltaire’s resonating works on the Lisbon earthquake, the generic opponent to Kant’s position is an amalgam of Crusians (C. A. Crusius, A. F. Reinhard, D. Weymann, and others), reduced to a caricature with regards to certain theses. I address Weymann’s polemic with Kant to show that, in the pre-critical period, the early Kant advocated beliefs in sphere of practical philosophy that he later radically changed in the ...

A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical ...

... important differences over the problems of religion and its place in philosophical constructions, Cohen and Natorp, first, retained their commitment to critical idealism and remained loyal to their philosophical school to the end and, second, followed the principle of mutual respect, preserving their professional and human sympathy for each other. Besides, I substantiate my assertion that Marburg Neo-Kantians had different concepts of the special place of religion in the system of philosophy. The specific nature of this difference warrants the discussion not only of the boundary of reason ...

... universals // Workshop on Philosophy and Informatics (WSPI). Cologne, 2004. URL: http://purl . utwente. nl/publications/49866 (дата обращения: 13.09.2011). 9. Sen P. Strawson on Universals // Universals, Concepts and Qualities: New Essays on the Meaning of Predicates / eds. P. F. Strawson, A. Chakrabarti. Burlington, 2006. P. 17—48. 10. Strawson P. F. Concepts and Properties or Predication and Copulation // Strawson P. F. Entity and Identity and other essays. Oxford, 1997. P. 83—91. 11. Strawson P. F. Kant on Substance // Ibid. P. 268—280. 12. Strawson P. F. Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar. L., 2004.

This article suggests that rationality has to be treated as one of the basic categories of liberal philosophy. Together with freedom and equality, rationality lies at the anthropological core of liberalism, which makes it stand out among other political theories. The development of the main models of rationality relied upon by various liberal theories is reviewed. 1. Вебер М. О некоторых категориях понимающей социологии // Избранные произведения....

... principle of justifying lie from altruistic motives, which was criticised by Kant in the article "On a supposed right..." The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of arguments drawn in Kant's work. The author proves and specifies the admissibility of lie due to ethical and legal principles put forward by Kant in other publications and lectures, namely: need for self-defence and internal legal duty to humanity (categorical imperative). 1. Кант И. Метафизика нравов. Ч. 1: Метафизические начала учения о праве....

This article proves that when addressing the problem persistent in his oeuvre — whether the humanity exists independently in space or it is a transcendental project — the Saint Petersburg poet A. S. Kushner always consults with I. Kant. 1. Гейне Г. Собр. соч.: в 10 т. М....

... comparative analysis of Kant's moral philosophy and the philosophy of Sade revealing the paradoxes of the categorical imperative. The satisfaction of the requirement of the categorical imperative is, on the one hand, a single and unique act and, on the other hand, a permanent and universal one. Although the familiarity with the categorical imperative does not always result in a moral action, the familiarity itself alongside the idea of forgiveness may be considered as a manifestation of morality and ...

... philosophy. The disputes between the thesis and the antithesis, or the dogmatism and skepticism could be regarded as a battlefields or a war in the history of philosophy. Nevertheless, the aims of these disputes or wars is to cultivate the reason, which in other words is the process of self-knowledge of reason. 1. Кант И. Благая весть о близком заключении договора о вечном мире в философии // Кант И. Соч. : в 8 т. М., 1994. Т. 8. С. 246—255....

Postulates play an important role in Kant’s philosophy. Kant’s understanding of this term differs from the previous tradition. For Kant, postulates are originally subjective propositions necessarily supposed as objective ones. Otherwise, the systematic theoretical cognition and compliance with the moral law become impossible. However, this feature of Kant’s ...

This article analyses the features of Kant’s [transcendental] philosophy, which Kant himself described as transcendental idealism. On the one hand, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the distinction between things-in-themselves and appearances. On the other hand, our method of cognition is representative in that is based on representations — subjective and objective (objectual) ones. A synthesis of the above considerations suggests that Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the [conceptual] triad — ...

... the cosmopolitan order depends on the moral equality among states, far from involving a hierarchy over governmental structure. Third, I will discuss that the only reason to perform an active role in the political sphere according to Kant stems from the statehood, so that to help other needy and less developed peoples and societies in order to boost that they achieve their autonomy as a state would not belong to the duties that a republic should abide to. Thus, the transformation of a human society into a republican civil union ...

... culture of East Prussia, and, in some sense, even a factor of self-identification. This process, with a large variety of tasks and solutions in its interlacing and intermittent threads, has played an important role at the beginnings and development of other lines of the local Kant studies. Successes and failures are shown not only in our description, but also lively and emotional from the own standpoint of heroes of this history. Prospects for in-depth research are also outlined. 1. Brückmann, R. 1919, Immanuel ...

... Mendelssohn, M. 1978, Über die Frage: was heißt aufklären? [1774], in: Bahr, E. (hg.), Was ist Aufklärung? Thesen und Definitionen. Stuttgart, S. 3—8. Milton, J. 1999, Areopagitica. A Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing to the Parliament of England [1644], in: Milton, J., Areopagitica and other Political Writings. Fore­word by J. Alvis. Indianapolis, pp. 3—51. Milton, J. 1851, John Milton’s Areopagitica. Eine Rede für die Preßfreiheit an das Parlament von England. 1644. Aus dem Englischen übers. von R. Roepell. Berlin, 1851. URL: ...

... und bearbeitet von J. École. Abt. 1, Bd. 2. Hildesheim,2009. 26. Crusius Chr. A. Entwurf der nothwendigen Vernunft-Wahrheiten, wiefern sie den zufälligen entgegen gesetzet werden. Leipzig, 1766. 27. Gaukroger S. Introduction // René Descartes, The World and other writings / ed.by S. Gaukroger. Cambridge, 2004. 28. Hahmann A. Kritische Metaphysik der Substanz. Berlin, 2009. 29. Heimsoeth H. Metaphysik und Kritik bei Chr. A. Crusius. Ein Beitrag zur ontologischen Vorgeschichte der Kritik der reinen Vernunft ...