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... judgements and reconstruct their conceptual content from the functions of thinking underlying each category. Furthermore, Kant justifies by means of a transcendental deduction the fact that the categories of freedom necessarily relate to all objects of the will. I argue that the categories are concepts constitutive for the object of the will: the role they play is that of the functions of willing an object. Finally, I show that the categories of freedom reach beyond Kant’s foundation of moral philosophy....

... among a multitude of individuals whose creative activities serve to continue the process of culture-structuring. Thus the effectiveness of the realisation of values in cultural reality depends directly on ensuring the conditions for the exercise of free will. There is potentially an unlimited number of ways of defining the concept of free will, each imposing certain limitations on the actualisation of the individual in culture. The question arises, how does each individual understand the possibility ...

... raised by Kant within the framework of practical philosophy that have not exhausted their heuris­tic potential to this day. First, I show the significance of the correlation between moral law and freedom. Since a rational being believes that his/her will is independent of external influences, the will turns out to be governed by the moral law and is autonomous. Morality and freedom are correlated through independence from the external. Accordingly, if the actions of artificial intelligence (AI) are ...

... Hegel’s Dialectic in Political Philosophy of Sergius Hessen. Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, 37, pp. 30-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/1998863Х/37/3 . (In Rus.) Zagirnyak, M. Yu., 2018. The Notion of Free Will in Sergey Hessen’s Conception of Culture. Kantian Journal, 37(4), pp. 67-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2018-4-3 . Zagirnyak, M. Yu., 2019. Solidarity as an Instrument of the Institutionalization of Freedom in Sergius Hessen’s Philosophy....

... creative essence of personality suggests individuality and uniqueness of each person. Personality has a historical dimension. In analysing the problem of the relationship between a person and society, Hessen considered Rousseau’s concept of general will. Hessen proposed a dynamic understanding of general will as a continuous process of establishing and re-establishing that involves the general population. Hessen counterposed law against the notions of nature and morality and interpreted law as an ...

... petroleum constitutes a new type of subjectivity, simultaneously fluid and explosive. On the other hand, the image of petroleum will play a key role in Alexei Parshchikov’s poem of the same name, where one can also discern echoes of this philosophy in ... ... Korpusnoe issledovanie [Bashkir verse of the 20th century. Corpus study]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Orlitskiy, Yu. B., 2021. Early Russian free verse. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 167, pp. 269—286 (in Russ.). Orlova, O. V., 2012. Diskursivno-stilisticheskaya ...

According to Kant, “right in a state of nature is called private right” (MS, AA VI, S. 242). It is my claim that there is no room for a right to enforce the offer of benefits in the private right. Firstly, I will show how the concept of an innate right to freedom provides no conceptual foundation for a right to enforcement of alleged duties of cooperation. Since my argument is much more conceptual than hermeneutical, Isaiah Berlin’s analysis of negative ...

... between the deduction of experience and the deduction of freedom. I single out the following features of the two types of deduction. First, theoretical use of reason is aimed at objects while practical reason is aimed at noumena, the foundations of will and freedom. Second, the transcendental deduction of space and time, as well as the deduction of categories, is preceded by transcendental reduction, which is absent in the deduction of freedom. Third, Kant orients the methodological movement of ...

This article focuses on the problem of reconciling a priori and empirical dimensions of freedom, will, and action as the crucial point for understanding the relationship between theoretical and practical reason in Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophy. Relying on the explanation of the relationship between transcendental and practical freedom ...

... whether Kant’s ethical and teleological concept is immune to Schaeffer’s critique. Second, to clarify the German philosopher’s contribution to environmental ethics. I come to the conclusion that it is premature to claim that consciousness and free will exist only in the framework of their being conditioned by nature. I also demonstrate that in his teleological teaching Kant sees the mechanism of nature as the dependence of living things on forces that act in an unpremeditated manner. Recognition ...

... as an example of heteronomy in the Kantian sense of the term. I make a case for the claim that is not in harmony with such interpretations. In the course of the argument I discuss Kant’s concepts of autonomy and heteronomy showing how they refer to will and to ethics. Then I describe a group of interpretations which portray Spinoza’s moral theory as heteronomous. My critique begins by presenting some textual evidence which vividly contradicts some of the boldest heteronomous renditions of Spinoza’s ...

... obligation, it will be demonstrated that the natural law is grounded on the will of God. In contrast, the concept of obligation in Christian Wolff's Philosophia practica universalis has no need to found the validity of obligation of natural law in God's will. Instead he developed a concept which was based on the idea of a free self-binding moral subject. Therefore, Wolff's Philosophy has a great impact on Kant's own moral philosophy and especially on his concept of obligation. I will conclude by showing to what extent Kant was going beyond the early modern concept of the ...

... second Critique. More precisely, Puls claims that, like in the Critique of Practical Reason, the Groundwork operates with some kind of fact of reason-theory, which means that our consciousness of the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of our freedom of will. Accordingly, there is no conclusion from a kind of non-moral consciousness of freedom to the freedom of will and from here to the objective value of the categorical imperative, as many interpreters assume. Due to the ambitiousness of his main thesis ...

... which they give to themselves. The actions of the will, observable volitions and external actions, can therefore, at the same time, be under the necessitating law of nature, i.e. be unfree, and, as appearances of the self-determination of their noumenal will (by fulfilling the demands of the moral law), be free. Two professors of Jena University, Ulrich and Schmid, accept part of Kant’s transcendental idealism but contend that the many transgressions of the moral law in human acting must have their noumenal reason in the agent’s intelligible character ...

... Modern Philosophy. (The 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Immanuel Kant), Part 2. Ogni [Lights] (Prague), 21, pp. 1-2. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1927. Balzac’s “The Red Inn” and Dostoevsky’s “The Brothers Karamazov”. Volya Rossii [Russia’s Will], 2, pp. 66-77. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1928. Dostoevsky and Pascal. Nauchnye trudy Russkogo Narodnogo universiteta v Prage [Academic Proceedings of the Russian Public University in Prague], 1, pp. 235-243. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1931. Dostoevsky’s ...

The topics of this issue, devoted to the tercentenary of Immanuel Kant’s birth, focus on his practical philosophy, most notably on the problems of free will in the light of the debates at the end of the eighteenth century; on the concept of human dignity and its reflection in daily life and in the main legal documents of the Russian Federation; on the possibility of deriving positive duties from the ...

... raises the problem of the ontology of the ideal in the shape of the question about the conditions that make actual experience possible: the ideal of holiness resides in reason, i. e. in the human being, but the dominance of radical evil over the human will puts it out of human reach either in thought or in practice. For rational thought it is more natural to imagine the practical reality of the archetype as the embodiment of the authentic man proceeding from God. Using the Gospel narrative about Jesus,...

... concretise the current thinking about Lossky’s perception of Kant. We are looking at a whole range of parallels and borrowings. My comparative analysis focuses on the following aspects: 1) definition and uses of the term “categorical imperative”, 2) free will as the condition of the possibility of moral action, 3) the cause of moral evil, 4) the role of the idea of God in ethics. As a result, I reveal how Lossky used elements of Kant’s practical philosophy as conceptual, terminological and rhetorical ...

This paper argues whether Kant’s cosmopolitanism entails a specific theory of coercion. I will especially tackle Kant’s account of international political order. First, I claim that Kant attributes a systematic role to the cosmopolitan right, what justifies considering this part of the doctrine of law as a necessary rational conclusion of ...

... Teoriya vospitaniya voli na osnove obshchnosti [Book review: P. Natorp, “Social pedagogy”. The theory of upbringing of the will on the base of community], Russkaya shkola [Russian school], no. 10, otd. II, p. 192—194. 29. Purishkevich, V. (ed.) 1913,... ... otd. III, p. 83—105. 31. Radosavlevich, P. R. 1911/1912, Sotsial’naya pedagogika [Social pedagogy], Svobodnoe vospitanie [Free upbringing], no. 12, p. 75—90. 32. RGALI, 1908. F. 459 (Suvorin A. S.). Op. 1. Ed. khr. 1209. Pis’mo V. F. Dinze A. ...

The hagiographical image of Svyatopolk is analysed as one determined by Christian anthropology. The author asserts that Svyatopolk performs an evil deed neither due to predestination, nor under the influence of fatal circumstances, but of his own free will. Svyatopolk embodies the model of a person of string will, which is opposed to the will of God and leads the character to captivity of the devil. 1. Сказание о Борисе и Глебе // Библиотека литературы Древней ...

... developed some ideas about the difference between being persuaded and being convinced which have antecedents in the German tradition, but with regard to which he developed ideas of his own. It is my intention to examine precisely some of these passages. I will explain how the philosopher understood this difference, what its relevance is and why the figure of the other is necessary to determine it. For this purpose, texts published in the critical period and students’ lecture notes from the same period ...

... Donelaitis from 1736 and Kant from 1740. This was the era of pietism. However, in Königsberg of the first half of the 18th century, pietism was not determined solely by the dogmatics of orthodox Lutheranism. Adherents of pietism demonstrate soteriological will to improve the world through enlightenment, which contradicts the predestination dogma. This will is found not only in Kant’s philosophical and pedagogical endeavours, but also in Donelaitis’s pedagogy, which deserves serious attention. Despite ...

... 1979. 6. Berean Study Bible The Creation (John 1:1—5) [Online]. URL: https:// biblehub.com/bsb/genesis/1.htm (Accessed 5 February 2019). 7. Bernard D. Light on Masonry: a collection of all the most important documents on the subject of speculative free masonry; embracing the reports of the Western Committees in relation to the abduction of William Morgan... With all the degrees of the order conferred in a Master's Lodge, as written by Captain William Morgan... with notes and critical remarks. Utica,...

....com/sites/markbeech/2020/03/25/covid-19-pushes-up-internet-use-70-streaming-more-... (дата обращения: 01.07.2023). 29. Netflix will invest «like never before» in Brazil // TTVNews. URL: https://www.todotvnews.com/en/netflix-will-invest-like-never-before-in-brazil/ ... ....com/en/articles/business/smartphones-and-cloud-gaming-games-access-latin-america/ (дата обращения: 05.07.2023). 34. Van Geene K. Free report: Insights into Paying Gamers in Latin America & the Caribbean; Barriers to spending and why players pay. URL: https://newzoo....

Kant’s theory of enthusiasm has received relatively little attention in Kant studies. This is surprising in view of the fact that Kant was preoccupied with the theme of enthusiasm throughout his life. One of the reasons may be that for Kant enthusiasm is an affect. Therefore, it cannot be used to justify ethics. On closer examination, however, a more differentiated picture emerges. In addition to pathological enthusiasm, Kant recognises an aesthetically sublime enthusiasm, and in his reflections...

... addresses the Rosenzweig’s interpretation of Kant’s concept of freedom as a hermeneutical cipher to expose some of his considerations on human nature. Rosenzweig acknowledges Kant’s achievement in attributing a human act to the major fundament, which will save a human from the universal claims of philosophy.The intelligible character of human causation and freedom as a miracle of phenomenal world (as they are called in Rosenzweig’s reception of Kant) make it possible to guarantee an autonomous dimension ...

... be unavailable to the attitude holder. As the existence of rhetorical de re is revealed, it gives rise to two questions that will be the primary concern of the present paper. (1) Using a rhetorical de re ascription, does the speaker utter something false ... ..., pp. 178—214. Kripke, S. A., 1980. Naming and Necessity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Lewis, D., 1981. Are We Free to Break the Laws? Theoria, 47, pp. 113—121. Parikh, R., 1998. Propositions, Propositional Attitudes and Belief Revision....

... translation by J. L. Austin. Oxford: Blackwell, 1968. Hobbes, T., 1998. Leviathan. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by J. C. A. Gaskin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. James, W., 1979. The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life. In: W. James, 1979. The Will to Believe, and other Essays in Popular Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 141-162. Kant, I., 2011. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Edited and translated by M. Gregor and J. Timmermann. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University ...

... remarks on the realm of ends, also operates with the notions of an end in itself and absolute value — seemingly in a different way, however. Thus, in the remarks on the realm of ends, the rational being becomes an end in itself through its real moral willing and acting, both of which presuppose the validity of the categorical imperative. Basically, the difference in the ways of using the concepts of absolute value and an end in itself consists in the fact that in the first case both serve as precondition ...

... developes his interpretation in the lecture “Anthropodicy”, which was given in the Philosophical Circle at the Petrograd University in December 1921. For the study of the problem of anthropodicy he was apparently inspired by the discussions at the Free Philosophical Association in 1919—1921. Gordin places Cohen’s concept of man in the wide intellectual context given by the ideas of the Russian religious philosophy, German classical philosophy, Neo-Kantianism, and the West European and Jewish ...

... psychology Natorp proposes to broaden theoretical ground of pedagogy by adding “pure normative sciences” such as logic and aesthetics to psychology and ethics which are already in use. In the center of his pedagogy Natorp places the concept of “will”. It is directly connected to the three levels of activity of consciousness which are associated with the three stages of education — family education, school and stage of free adult self-education. The last stage represents a “lifelong” process and ideally shouldn’t be bounded by any external factors. Natorp expects that developing German system of “folk academies” becomes a basis for implementation of this ideal ...

... critically analysed. When choosing between subjective and material sensibility and objective and formal reason, Kant gives preference to reason as the ground for morals. In this function, reason should be necessarily interpreted as reason connected with good will. The consideration of this principle of Kant’s ethical theory concludes the article. The author makes an assumption that the creation of a moral world based on the principle of the free legislation of reason, which consists in that the criteria for the significance of provisions of such legislation is the possibility of transforming them into a universal law, is possible only under the condition that the notion of freedom as relating ...