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Debates over Kant’s famous postulate about the existence of synthetic a priori judgements in mathematics, formulated in the Critique of Pure Reason, have been raging for over two centuries. On the one hand, it was fiercely criticised by neo-positivists in the early 20th century. On the other hand, Kant’s ideas on constructive nature of mathematics served as a philosophical framework for LEJ Brouwer’s programme of intuitionism in the foundations of mathematics. Of interest are the ideas of the great...

The positions of Christian Wolff and Im­manuel Kant on the possibility of proving the existence of God require some examination. Wolff’s critique of the physical-theological proof and his proposed ways of improving it are here analysed. God is central to Wolff’s philosophical system and the fundamental prerequisite of his theoretical and practical ...

The article explores lexemes stemming from Rus. бог- (god), which were used in the texts of the XV—XVII centuries. This stem expressed the concept of God and was used as a means of characterization of objects, phenomena, etc. The material of the analysis was taken from the texts of the XV—XVII centuries,...

Cross-border cooperation as a type of interregional interaction is becoming a significant factor in the development of border regions. It can be viewed as a result of intensification of cross-border contacts and greater economic openness of cross-border regions. Thus, the roots of current development are quite easy to pinpoint. However, assessment of the impact of cross-border cooperation on the development of border regions appears to be a research challenge. In this paper, we offer an approach...

The tragedy Boris Godunov occupies a unique place in A. S. Pushkin’s oeuvre. It was a turning point, when the author needed the whole power of his poetical genius, when a work beyond traditional literary and aesthetic styles, which interchange and establish a canon of a new style that transforms its predecessors in an act of creativity, appeared in Russian culture. Boris Godunov marked the birth of an individual author’s style in Russian art. A unique literary world — the world of Pushkin — manifested...

... takes up this ancient philosophy anew for his time, and for his fellow human beings. In so doing, he continued a trend that had begun in the Enlightenment. In Universal Natural History and Theory of Heavens, Kant showed that the world can exist without God’s constant intervention. Human being must understand his position in the cosmos and his radical finitude. Closeness to God can only arise through the moral feeling and the infinitely distant work of God, heaven itself — a famous motif Kant adopted ...

The article deals with the methods of defining Divine Omnipotence introduced by medieval philosophers. The author presents the historical background of the development of the notion of absolute and ordered power of God in medieval natural theology. 1.  Ансельм Кентерберийский. Сочинения. М., 1995. 2.  Коплстон Ф.   Ч. История средневековой философии. М., 1997. 3.  Дамиани Петр....

Kant’s deduction of the Christian doctrine of justification, respectively the doctrine of grace, leads to the question in what sense philosophy can deal with God’s grace without falsely replacing it with its own arguments. Kant’s answer (a) is that the imputation of evil without attempt to justify it by means of one’s own resources requires thinking of God as the external judge in the internal court ...

This article deals with one of the most elegant and non-standard versions of the modal onto-logical argument for God’s existence, which was proposed by the analytic philosopher Stephen Makin in 1988. He managed to avoid the famous criticism of Kant concerning the impossibility of acknowledging the predicate ‘to exist’ as real. Makin’s argument is not based ...

This article considers the use of the Vladyka lexeme to denote God the Father, Jesus Christ, and human rulers in the Ostromir Gospels with a Greek translation. The author analyses the semantics of the Church Slavonic lexemes as an equivalent to the paired Greek words, the way the matching Greek lexemes were selected,...

... the Byzantine image of Paraklesis into the Intercessor iconographic type of Russian icon painting. By examining the image in more recently painted icons, the author produces its first full description and introduces the 19th-century icon ‘Mother of God the Intercessor of the Deesis row’ from the collection of the Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Art. The results of the analysis suggest that the Intercessor type of Marian iconography is characterised by a full- or half-length image, showing ...

... epistemological conditions for theology. Four intellectual backgrounds of objections are examined: an Aristotelian and Thomistic teleological order of nature (1); Augustinianism based on original sin in which human agency is completely attributed to God’s grace (2); a Hegelian critique of the deontological conception of an “unconditional ought” which also puts Kant’s postulate of the existence of God into question (3); the combination in Radical Orthodoxy of a postmodern critique of the subject,...

To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of the existence of God. I propose a reconstruction ...

... dominance of radical evil over the human will puts it out of human reach either in thought or in practice. For rational thought it is more natural to imagine the practical reality of the archetype as the embodiment of the authentic man proceeding from God. Using the Gospel narrative about Jesus, Kant interprets the human nature of the archetype in the light of his general notions about the properties of this nature. It is widely believed that Kant’s ethical theology eliminates the divine nature of ...

This article considers the depiction of the church procession to examine the literary inter­pretation of time and eternity in Alexander Pushkin’s historical drama Boris Godunov and Ivan Shmeleff’s novel The Year of the Lord. The two texts share fundamental similarities in literary images. The church procession is portrayed as a manifestation of eternity in the tan­gible reality of this world. Despite their common temporal nature, images in Boris Godunov and The Year of the Lord differ in terms of...

... the main character in the textual space of the novel. I prove that, at the ideational-thematic level, the principle of fragmentarity is manifested in the novel in the form of a series of antithesis themes and binary oppositions (peace/war, life/death, god/evil, love/hate, faith/disbelief, God/devil), which reveal the author’s worldview and integrate semantically different dimensions of the novel — subjective, psychological, moral, philosophical, and fictional ones. These oppositions emphasise the ...

The article presents a historical and scientific analysis of the oral presentations and other works that criticized Boris Eikhenbaum’s “Melodics of Verse” and Viktor Zhirmunsky’s “Rhyme, Its History and Theory” from the perspective of Moscow formalism. The overview relies on unknown materials, which can thus be introduced into scholarly discourse. It refers to the presentations made by the philologist and philosopher Maksim Kœnigsberg and the literary scholar Mikhail Shtokmar, a student of Boris...

The Patriotic War of 1812 is an event that influenced the formation of the Russian na­tional consciousness. At that time, imperial and class identities coexisted. With the de fac­to ban on discussing the idea of a civil nation, Russian intellectuals focused on the cultural and linguistic components of nationalism. The aim of this study was to identify the content of the concept of ‘people’ in the manifestoes by Shishkov. These texts expressed the official posi­tion of the supreme authority on national...

... ones. When comparing the two major works on religion, one cannot but notice the difference between objects constituting the logic of Kant’s reasoning. In the Lectures, this object is theology as a scientific discipline concerned with knowledge of god, whereas, in Religion, it is believers with their predispositions and capacities, generic and individual characteristics. Not unlike Critiques, where Kant moves from the theoretical to the practical, studies on religion proceed from the theoretical ...

... 70, № 1. P. 56—66. 10. Carter W. R. Omnipotence and Sin // Analysis. 1982. Vol. 42, № 2. P. 102—105. 11. Malcolm N. Anselm’s Ontological Argument // The Philosophical Review. 1960. Vol. 69, № 1. P. 41—62. 12. Pike N. Omnipotence and God’s Ability to Sin // American Philosophical Quarterly. 1969. Vol. 6, № 3. P. 208—216. 13. The Ontological Argument: from St. Anselm to Contemporary Philosophers / ed. by A. Plantinga, R. Taylor. Garden City; N. Y., 1965. 14. Tichy P. De Dicto ...

This paper analyses the migration processes and their influence on the transformation of multiethnic population structure in the Kaliningrad region. The author uses official statistics (current statistics and census data), as well as interviews with the representatives of ethnic cultural associations as information sources. Special attention is paid to the migration features associated with different ethnic groups. The author identifies major reasons behind the incoming and outgoing movement of population...

The Kaliningrad region is developing in complicated exclave conditions, which results in insufficient resilience of its economy to external impacts. There is a need for constant monitoring of the economic situation in the region and the adaptation of the regional strategy to changing conditions. This article sets out to evaluate the stages of regional economy development and the methods of its modernisation and restructuring in view of accumulated experience in reacting to changes in conditions of...

This article considers the research and technological potential and the innovative activity in a specific region of Russia — the Kaliningrad region. The authors assess its research and technological potential, and the achieved level of innovative activity in the Kaliningrad region as prerequisites necessary for the implementation of an innovative model of economy. This work identifies the problems of the research and technological potential development of the region, as well as a low level of development...

... Ostpreussen». Leer, Germany: G. Rautenberg. 27. Nordliches Ostpreussen, Konigsberger Gebiet in 27 deutschen topographiscen Karten im Masstab 1: 100 000. 1993. Bearbeitet von Fritz R. Barrаn. Statistical materials 1. Demograficheskij ezhegodnik, 2007 god. 2007.Territorial'nyj organ Federal'noj sluzhby gosudarstvennoj statistiki po Kaliningradskij oblasti. Kaliningrad. 2. Demograficheskij ezhegodnik, 2009 god. 2009.Territorial'nyj organ Federal'noj sluzhby gosudarstvennoj statistiki po Kaliningradskij ...

The article studies the onomastic space of the science fiction trilogy “People as Gods” by the Soviet science fiction writer of the second half of the 20th century. Literary abionyms related to the habitats of the heroes of the work are in the focus of the research. It is noted that the space objects of the solar system in the novel ...

Evaluative lexemes with the “good/kind” semantics representing the concept of “god” are considered on the basis of Old Russian texts of the 11th—14th centuries. The author analyses the semantic features of the functioning of these lexemes. Список сокращений   Девг. деян. — Девгениево ...

... judgment in his third Critique, with their principle fortuitous purposiveness, can be considered as the basis for a new foundation of metaphysics. According to Kant’s limitation of cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ideas is impossible. This leads to a kind of “negative theology” of the highest principle and the supersensible as a whole. The reasons are rooted in the character of propositional thought, which ...

... investigated in pragmatism; secondly, with regard to the various pragmatic approaches to religion, something which has been long overlooked. These approaches are best understood as innovative re-readings of Kant’s postulates of freedom, immortality, and God. Since Hilary Putnam pointed out — in his 1992 book Renewing Philosophy — that James’s essay, “The Will to Believe”, in spite of having received a great deal of hostile criticism, is in “its logic, in fact, precise and impeccable”, James’s ...

... “character” of Russian people. Bezotosny, V. M., 2012. Vse srazheniya russkoi armii 1804—1814 gg. Rossiya protiv Napoleona [All battles of the Russian army of 1804—1814. Russia against Napoleon]. Moscow (in Russ.). Bogdanovich, E. V., 1912. 1812 god [1812 year]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Boguslavsky, G. A. and Kolosov, N. A., eds., 1966. Borodinskaya panorama [Boro­dino panorama]. Moscow (in Russ.). Vishlenkova, E. A., 2011. Vizual’noe narodovedenie imperii, ili “Uvidet' russkogo dano ...

Decision science is a relatively new discipline: the product of a cross-pollination among mathematics, psychology, economy and a few other branches of knowledge. It studies how humans make their choices and purports to provide a “rational framework for choosing be­tween alternative courses of action when the consequences resulting from this choice are im­perfectly known.” In and of itself decision science is a vast field of intersecting theories and methodologies that I will exploit only in a limited...

Poems devoted to Kant give different poeticalphilosophical interpretations of both the personality of philosopher and his teaching on God and human being. In his poems about Kant, poet Alexander Kushner demonstrates theological agnosticism, which correlates with Kant’s own theories. In the poem Kant's Mask and the aphorisms Kant Unmasked, Vl. Mikushevich addresses Kant’s attitude ...

A reflection on the meaning of Kant’s manuscript where he uses the expression ‘metaphysics of science’. 20th century philosophy of science acknowledged empiricism and it was anti-metaphysic and positivistic. However, all forms of empiricism and positivism lead to a negation of philosophy, replacing it with logical, methodological, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, and other studies. In effect, philosophy is the cognition of the absolute universal in both theoretical (the true being)...

... theology. Lecture course]. Moscow. 14. Davydenkov, O., archpriest, 2002. The concepts of "power" and "energy" in patristic theology. In: Davydenkov O., archpriest. Veliya blagochestiya taina: Bog yavisya vo ploti [Velia piety mystery: God appeared in the flesh]. Moscow. pp. 5—31. 15. Zhil'son, E. Dukh srednevekovoi filosofii: Giffordovskie lektsii [Spirit of medieval philosophy: Gifford lectures]. Moscow. 16. Zen'kovskii, V. V., 1991. Istoriya russkoi filosofii [History of Russian ...

... energetika. by/arch/~year__m21=2009~ page __m21=1~news __m21=493 (accessed 22 March 2013). 12. Otchet po jekologicheskomu monitoringu morskogo uchastka rossijskoj sekcii gazoprovoda Nord Stream v sootvetstvii s trebovanijami Minprirody Rossii za 2012 god [The report on environmental monitoring of a sea site of the Russian section of the Nord Stream gas pipeline according to requirements of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Russian Federation for 2012], 2012, Ministerstvo ...

... and an appendix. The introduction contains an overview of the basic questions and problems of rational theology, namely: the concept of theology, arts of natural theology, the idea of highest essence, possible types of arguments for the existent of God and their limitations etc. The first part is called “Transcendental theology”. It is of limited research interest, since it largely follows contemporary textbooks (first of all, Baumgarten’s Metaphysics). The second part “Moral Theology” ...

... the essence and is understandable for oneself, in other words, resistant to any claims of idealistic philosophy.The author believes that Rosenzweig arrives at the conclusion that nothing can be known about a human just as nothing can be known about god.An analysis of general architectonics of The Star of Redemption emphasises the central position of the theme of revelation. Rosenzweig stresses that the central position of revelation relates to the notion of freedom.The author believes that Rosenzweig ...

....5922/0207-6918-2014-1-2 [text]1. Baumeister, Fr. Chr. 1808, Metafizika [Metaphysics], Moscow.2. Wolff, Chr. 2001, Razumnye mysli o Boge, mire, dushe cheloveka i vseh veschah voobsche, soobschenniye lyubitelyam istiny Christianom Wolffom [Rational thoughts on God, the world and the soul of human beings; also all things in general], Translated by Zhuchkov, V. A. in: Christian Wolff I filosofiya v Rossii [Christian Wolff and philosophy in Russia], 2001, Saint-Petersburg.3. Zhuchkov, V. A. 1996, Iz istorii nemetskoy ...

A stereotypical understanding of EU-Russia energy relations is often reduced to trade in oil and natural gas, which downplays the importance of energy efficiency cooperation. Such cooperation is promoted within the Energy Charter and its Treaty, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, Energy Dialogue, Common Economic Space, Partnership for Modernisation. However, it lacks practical development, which relates to the instability of the legal environment in Russia, insufficient mechanisms of financial...

Conducting a multi-aspect comparative analysis of curricula of bachelor’s degree programmes in oceanology offered at universities in St Petersburg, Klaipeda and Kaliningrad, the authors trace similarities between the existing variants of oceanologist training in the context of competence modules, disciplines, the so-called academic practices, and the number of hours and credits stipulated in the existing curricula. A formal comparison of generalised quantitative indicators without analysing the content...

This article focuses on the problems pertaining to the regionalisation of geo-demographic situation in the Baltic region. Particular attention is paid to the influence of ethnic factors on the parameters and trends of demographic processes. The author comes to a conclusion about the achievement of demographic homeostasis in most ethnos-nations in the Baltic region. 1. The EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy Towards a Sustainable, Prosperous Future.2009. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate-General...

... funktsioni­ro­vanii zhargonizmov, ili Biografiya leksemy ChSV [The interaction of generations in the functioning of jargonisms, or the Biography of the lexeme of ChSV]. In print (in Russ.). Budennaya, E., Litvintseva, K. and Yakovleva, A., 2023. God knows how it turns out: on three constructions including Bog ‘God’, čert ‘devil’ and some taboo words in the Russian language over the last three centuries. Jazykovedny Casopis , 74 (1), pp. 19—31, https://doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0020 ...

The Easter archetype, with its main idea of the resurrection, focuses on the spiritual reality of the Heavenly World, which requires the transformation of the soul, while the Christmas archetype carries the idea of the incarnation of God, and hence there is a need for this type of literature which refers to earthly change and earthly joy. Varlamov’s short story is distinguished by an appeal to the plot of the prodigal son, according to I. A. Esaulov, that is Easter-oriented at its ...