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Based on a review of the literature on ethnography produced by translation scholars over the past twenty years, this contribution explores how translation studies [TS] has appropriat­ed this concept, first as a way to solve translation problems (with Eugene Nida), then as an object (within the cultural turn) and more recently as a research methodology to document and analyze translation and interpreting events in context. The author shows how, in the early seventies, both cultural anthropology and...

... researching translation can arguably be extended and transposed to include elements of the contemporary digital context, there are also compelling and legitimate reasons for contextualizing translation within the broader, global communica­tion universe, positioning it wholly within the digital sphere. Ackland, R., 2013. Web Social Science. Concepts, Data and Tools for Social Scientists in the Digital Age. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Ash, J., Kitchin, R. and Leszczynski, A. eds., 2019. Digital ...

... London and New York: Routledge. Munday, J., 2012b. Evaluation in translation. Critical points of translator decision-ma­king. London and New York: Routledge. Munday, J., 2015. Engagement and graduation resources as markers of transla­tor/interpreter positioning. Target, 27(3). pp. 406—421. Munday, J. and Zhang, M. eds., 2015. Discourse Analysis in Translation Studies. Target, 27(3). Neubert, A., 1985. Text and Translation. Leipzig: Enzyklopädie. Neubert, A. and Shreve, G. M., 1992. Translation ...

... are at least two distinct senses ascribed to one sign. It is in­herent to language and speech. In this article, I reflect on the types of ambiguity, its typology, production and effect and propose an algorithm for tackling ambiguity in translation. I posit that the choice of a translation strategy and the need for disambiguation in general depend on the type of ambiguity, its sources and character, i. e. whether ambiguity is intended or not. Intended ambiguity occurs when the speaker intentionally ...

... jokes and several other genres, a punchline plays an important role in pirozhoks and poroshoks. In Russian, the punchline is termed puant, which is a borrowing from French (la pointe). The truncation of the final line in a poroshok puts it in a special position. The truncated line, independently or together with the third line, comprises the punchline of a poroshok. The punchline is practically mandatory and may be presented in greater detail inasmuch as it does not simply violate the reader’s expectations ...

... Filologicheskiye nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktyki [Philological Sciences. Ques­tions of theory and practice], 12-1 (54), pp. 74—76 (in Russ.). Zarubina, A. B., 2018. Urban discourse in the aspect of multidisciplinary dis­course practice as a driver of positive changes in the urban communicative environ­ment. Filologicheskiy aspekt [Philological Aspect], 11 (43), pp. 172—181 (in Russ.). Zemlyanova, L. M., 1999. Zarubezhnaya kommunikativistika v preddverii informatsion­nogo obshchestva: tolkovyi ...

... worthy of praise', 'possessing Divine wisdom', 'following the path of God', etc. I argue that lexemes with the stem бог- (God) in the texts of the XV-XVII centuries are parts of a broader paradigm of 'conforming to the standards of Christian dogmas, positively assessed vs not corresponding to the standards, negatively assessed”. This assessment forms the basis of the axiology of the Christian doctrine. Likhachev, D. S., ed., 1997. Biblioteka literaturyi Drevney Rusi [Library of literature of ...

... resembles both the lives of the righteous and the lives of the venerable. The novel conforms to the canons of hagiographic texts because of the presence of a righteous character, whose image is built in accordance with the traditional paradigm of the positive qualities of a saint. Other reasons for such conformity include the biographical topic, namely, a stable set of events and facts, affecting the life and fate of the character, and such structural plot elements as the character’s dreams and ...

... iconic ‘sign of Poetry’, capable of almost a complete reflection of a constructivist poet’s artistic intentions. Against the background of the total logocentrism of the early 20th-century historical and cultural paradigm, Chicherin’s semiotic position looks like the proclamation of radical ‘anti-logocentrism’ that polemicises against any literary traditions and experiments, either synchronic or diachronic in relation to the author. At the same time, a textual analysis of Kan-Fun and a ...

... interesting case. The subject of the Kaliningrad regional history has no single definition since it is a matter of politics rather than historiography. The inability to produce such a definition stems from the uniqueness of the region’s geographical position and history. The region’s history was used extensively in the Soviet time for political and ideological purposes. The current confrontation between Russia and the West lends new urgency to the problem of teaching local history, ninety percent ...

... essential for understanding the Russian mentality. 1. Abakumova, O. B., 2012. Poslovitsy v yazyke, soznanii i kommunikatsii [Proverbs in the language, consciousness and communication]. St. Petersburg. 2. Arnol'd, I. V., 1978. The value of strong position for interpretng a literary text. Inostrannye yazyki v shkole [Foreign languages at school], 4, pp. 23—31. 3. Arutyunova, N. D., 1982. Linguistic problems of reference. In: N. D. Arutyunova, ed. Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. [New in foreign ...

... In this sense, the hyphen serves as a tool for language and discourse transfer. In philosophical texts, the key function of the hyphen in newly created formations is conceptualisation. This holds true regardless of the number of components and of the position of the hyphen. The author concludes that the hyphen is a universal cognitive mechanism, characteristic of philosophical discourse; it is a means to form an integrated conceptual complex around the central component of the conceptualisation. ...

This article considers the conjunction functions of the logical and modal particle tolko. A study into the functioning of logical and modal particles led the author to identify the basic syntactic positions that determine the functional and grammatical status of the lexical units studied: the particle, the conjunction particle, and the conjunction analogue. The conjunction behaviour of a particle can be manifested to a greater or lesser degree....

Events are the main element in the formation and presentation of a worldview across all the research disciplines in the humanities and other sciences. Cognising and understanding reality requires the consideration and construction of data, descriptions, correlations, and narratives, to all of which concrete events are the key. In this article, we analyse the connection between an event and reality, with a special focus on social events in the context of management. Such an approach does not confine...

... An analysis of the poem in the axiological aspect shows that A. Veltman – as well as other Russian poets – is interested in the moral and psychological reasons behind this phenomenon rather than social ones. The plot structure and the author’s position suggest that robbery is depicted in the poem as a cardinal sin that cannot be justified; it forces a person to abandon the moral law and leads to spiritual death. 1. Вельтман А. А. Муромские леса. М., 1831. 2. Веселова ...

... coordinates of the text’s literary dialogue with the reader’s perception. The author shows that the hermeneutical and intertextual research methodologies make it possible to identify the multitude of intersections of literary layers, evaluations, and positions and describe the dynamic process of modelling a literary meaning, which employs intertextual connections and associations both in the text and in the recipient’s perception, as well as to reveal the interconnection between the intertextual ...

... culture and the symbols of “prophetic” dreams. In this connection, the author justifies, in particular, the introduction of similar objects in the object area of modern cognitive linguistics, gives a definition of prophetic dreams, and identifies the position of this issue in the cultural tradition. The article identifies three basic characteristics that bring together the symbolic forms of culture and the symbols of dreams: the nature of imagery, the semantics of certain images, and the common mechanisms ...

This article offers a review of the activities of I.P. Khmelnitsky at the Königsberg University of the 1760s, examines the ideational and philosophical context, and identifies the role and position of Khmelnitsky in the intellectual polemics of the mid-18th century. The author emphasises that D. Weymann referred to Khmelnitsky’s works when debating with I. Kant. 1. Аноним. Хмельницкий, Иван Парфентевич ...

This article considers the aesthetic views of Delvig as a critic and identifies the sources that help him develop individual criteria for assessing literary works. The author emphasises his original interpretation of theoretical problems of aesthetics characteristic of Romanticism. It is stressed that the category of harmony defined by Delving as a crucial principle of artistry is very productive in his system of views and underlies his own poetry. 1. Вацуро В. Э. Антон Дельвиг — литератор // Дельвиг...

... Orthodoxy: Literature, History, Arts’, which took place at IKBFU in the framework of the 2013 Research Summer School in Philology. The author presents the topics and problem fields of open lectures delivered in the course of the workshop and analyses the positions of the participants of the discussion generated by I. A. Yesaulov’s presentation ‘Folk Culture and Orthodoxy’.

1. Бондарев А. П. Уровни переводческой компетенции: Семантика. Синтаксис. Прагматика. Функциональность. Диалог // Тетради переводчика. МГЛУ.2007. Вып. 26. 2. Бубер М. Диалог // Два образа веры. М., 1999. 3. Гадамер Х.-Г. Истина и метод. Основы философской герменевтики. М.,1988. 4. Луков Вал. А., Луков Вл. А. Тезаурусный подход в гуманитарных науках //Знание. Понимание. Умение. 2004. № 1. 5. Соссюр Фердинанд де. Труды по языкознанию. М., 1977. 6. Элиот Т. С. Назначение критики // Элиот Т. С....

... historical-philosophical research that reconstructs the history of ethical teachings and individual concepts. The importance attached today to a new view of the theory of the social contract, considered not only from socio-political but also from moral positions, forces us to approach in a new way the question concerning the universality of the key philosophical categories developed within this theory throughout its history. Elaborating the ideas set forth in the monograph, the author also stresses ...

... effort to break out of this circle and find its causality, thinking turns not to the being of the world of phenomena, but to the Absolute I. Such a speculative approach to consciousness, thinking and being has little in common with Cohen’s critical position. Aquila, R. E., 1989. Matter in Mind: A Study of Kant’s Transcendental Deduction. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Brelage, M., 1965. Studien zur Transzendentalphilosophie. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Carl, W., 1989....

... propose a reconstruction of Schelling’s account of undoubted being which cannot be deduced from the concept of the totality of all that is possible and therefore must come before any thought. He interprets reason as having an ecstatic nature which posits precedent undoubted being. This enables Schelling to formulate his own version of the thesis on the unity of being and thought, whereby being comes first and thought is only second. Against this background I analyse Schelling’s interpretation ...

... Bourgeois Revolution. 1769–1794]. Moscow and Leningrad: Izdatelʼstvo AN SSSR, pp. 245-250. (In Rus.) Nikanor, arhiepiskop (Brovkovich, A. I.), 1888. Pozitivnaja filosofija i sverhchuvstvennoe bytie. Tom 3: Kritika na kritiku chistogo razuma Kanta [Positive Philosophy and Supersensible Being. Volume 3: Critique on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason]. St. Petersburg: “Obshchestvennaja polʼza”. (In Rus.) Oizerman, T. I., 1955. Nemeckaja klassicheskaja filosofija — odin iz teoreticheskih istochnikov ...

... in Radical Orthodoxy of a postmodern critique of the subject, an Augustinian view of human nature, and a monistic understanding of the Trinity (4). Their different diagnoses why Kant’s work constitutes a cul-de-sac are contrasted with theological positions that welcome it as a watershed: its move from ontology to human subjectivity; from a biologically transmitted inescapable sin to a freedom for good and evil; from a strict reciprocity to an unlimited scope of ethics that is faced with the question ...

... is wide-spread and he charges the popular philosophers and other ethical theorists with rationalising. Yet, his opponents could, in turn, charge him with rationalising and some theorists, namely Act-Consequentialists, seem to be in an even stronger position to charge Kant with rationalising than vice versa. In response, I propose standards that do not assume a specific normative theory and that become apparent when we look at clear-cut abuses of rationality. These standards of minimally decent reasoning ...

... formulation of the Categorical Imperative rarely receives the attention devoted to its predecessors. This paper aims to develop a naturalistic approach to morality inspired by Kant’s conception of moral agents as legislating in a Kingdom of Ends. Positions derived from the third formulation, John Rawls’s Kantian Constructivism and T. M. Scanlon’s Contractualism, cleave closely to Kant in idealising the process of legislation. For Rawls, the citizens of the Kantian Reich can be reduced to one,...

... for Italy and the whole of Europe “to do as in Russia”; yet, from 1924, he started elaborating a different vision of the revolution in the Western World, which in the Prison Notebooks became a contraposition between a war of movement and a war of position. At the same time, he developed the concepts of caesarism/bonapartism and passive revolution which allowed the analysis of phenomena such as americanism and fascism from the perspective of a conservative modernisation, or revolution without a ...

Carruthers, P., 2017. Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness. In: S. Schneider and M. Velmans, eds. 2017. The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Hoboken. N. J.: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 288-297. Home, H., 2005. Essays on Principles of Morality and Natural Religion. Natural Law and Enlightenment Classics. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Hume, D., 1960. A Treatise of Human Nature. Reprinted from the original edition in 3 volumes and edited, with an Analytical Index, by L. A. Selby-Bigge. Oxford: Clarendon...

... does not explicitly distinguish the two terms and only speaks about phenomena when he deals with the categorial application of reason. With Husserl, appearance is linked with the area of the natural attitude while the phenomenon is absolute. Fink’s position is interesting in that it differs from the views of the main representatives of transcendental philosophy, Kant and Husserl. According to Fink, appearing is the foundation of the fact that what exists is and that appearing is being. Fink takes ...

... Pure Reason. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 117, pp. 163-185. Zocher, R., 1958. Zu Kants transzendentaler Deduktion der Ideen der reinen Vernunft. Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, 12, pp. 43-58. Zöller, G., 2011. Der negative und positive Nutzen der Ideen. Kant über die Grenzbestimmung der reinen Vernunft. In: B. Dörflinger, G. Kruck, eds. 2011. Über den Nutzen von Illusionen. Die regulativen Ideen in Kants theoretischer Philosophie. Zürich & New York: Olms, pp. 13-28.

... standpoint of legality”, one can readily recognise the ethics of law of the Stoical and Kantian type. Fichte stresses that in his youth he himself shared this worldview. However, he hastens to adduce a series of original arguments to show that this position is essentially incapable of delivering a pure and higher moral doctrine. I examine the substance of these critical arguments in the context of his later metaphysics. Fichte maintains that in the “second type” of worldview man himself feels ...

... international relations was possible and in general deserved the reputation of an (ultra-)conservative. From that point of view the key values for Garve were the security and well-being of the state. I offer an alternative interpretation of Garve’s position because I believe that the value of political stability plays an important role in it. Such an interpretation makes it possible to treat Garve’s narrative as it was assessed by Kant, i.e. as a concession to the common principles of political ...

In the paper it is shown that E. T. A. Hoffmann has been valuing the post-Napoleon politics of Prussia in the Christmas tale "Meister Floh" from the Kantian position. The cardinal problem of the tale — shown in "Halle-gorisch und Jena-logisch" manner how Hoffmann himself had characterized his style — is the problem of constitution for Prussia. 1. Гофман Э. Т. А. Повелитель ...

The various positions in the suit about “hundred thalers” opened by Kant’s criticism of ontological argument are compared. It is argued that Heidegger’s concept of being as transcendental predicate cannot be identified with Frege’s treatment of existence ...

... (XI Kant Readings, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 2014), the author questions how far Kant’s idealism can be accepted and these problems resolved in any way that (i) is reasonably faithful to Kant’s texts, (ii) renders his position consistent (and his major arguments valid), and (iii) does not rest on premises that are themselves philosophically implausible. The author argues that these three desiderata are not met in any strictly Kantian and philosophically satisfactory ...

This interview explores the extent to which Kant’s philosophy, which postulates certain moral principles categorically, has influenced the contemporary theory of justice. Many academics believe such principles to be relative and emphasise that justice lies beyond the remit of science. Otfried Höffe is convinced that categorical legal principles remain a valid subject for an academic discussion. In his works, he often appeals to Kantian philosophy. In the interview, Prof. Dr. О. Höffe refers to such...

... tradition, which significantly influenced Kant’s precritical writings. Limitation of the crucial distinction between these two substances to the empirical sphere and the view on soul and body as homogeneous phenomena are the main peculiarities of Kant's position. 1. Васильев В. В. Философская психология в эпоху Просвещения. М., 2010. 2. Вольф Хр. Метафизика [Разумные мысли о Боге, мире и душе человека,...

Debates over Kant’s famous postulate about the existence of synthetic a priori judgements in mathematics, formulated in the Critique of Pure Reason, have been raging for over two centuries. On the one hand, it was fiercely criticised by neo-positivists in the early 20th century. On the other hand, Kant’s ideas on constructive nature of mathematics served as a philosophical framework for LEJ Brouwer’s programme of intuitionism in the foundations of mathematics. Of interest are the ideas of the great...

... and compulsoriness of the a priori, the idea of parallelism between logic and ethics, the interaction between will and mind, and the determining role of the categorical imperative. The author stresses that an adequate understanding of the thinkers’ positions requires distinguishing between Kant’s transcendentalist perspective and Husserl’s phenomenological descriptive perspective, between the a priori of pure reason and the material a priori, between good will as a duty and the thetic acts of ...

The article considers the first of the two principles of justice proposed by the American philosopher John Rawls as universal principles that would be chosen by every reasonable and rational person in an ‘original position’. The work analyses the problematic aspects of the principle’s formulation (the vagueness of the list of key rights and freedoms and the value criterion for ranking them) and of the methods used by Rawls to overcome them in the works published ...

... In effect, they turn out to be either motives for searching for transcendental principles or example s targeted at a certain type of readers and political agents. Identifying the role of publicity principles in Kant’s system of law and their strict positioning is also a complicated problem raising new questions as to their acceptable and preferable application. The principles are explicated in the treatise on perpetual peace. However, this article demonstrates that, despite the dominant opinion,...

A reflection on the meaning of Kant’s manuscript where he uses the expression ‘metaphysics of science’. 20th century philosophy of science acknowledged empiricism and it was anti-metaphysic and positivistic. However, all forms of empiricism and positivism lead to a negation of philosophy, replacing it with logical, methodological, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, and other studies. In effect, philosophy is the cognition of the absolute universal in both theoretical (the true being)...

... factors. The first one is Natorp’s dependency on legacy of Plato, J. Pestalozzi and I. Kant, while second deals with his critic of fundamental grounds of dominant contemporary pedagogical system. The major Natorp’s objection was directed against positioning psychology at the basis of a pedagogical theory. In principle this point of critique was matter of continuation of much broader debate between Neo- Kantianism and Positivism which for this time took place on pedagogical “territory”. In ...