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... semantics). Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 3, pp. 727—732 (in Russ.). Tulchinskii, G. L., 2018. The problem of meaning in Social Semiotics: deep semi­otics as a conceptual extension of Social Semiotics . Slovo. ru: baltic accent, 9 (4), pp. 15—26 (in Russ.). Tulchinskii, G. L., 2019. Extensions of the Semiotic Analysis Capabilities: the Sources and Content of the “Deep Semiotics” Concept. Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 11, pp. 115—125 (in Russ.). Turner, V., 1983. Simvol i ritual [Symbol and ritual]. Moscow: Nauka (in Russ.). Zolyan, S. T., 2022. Yuri Lotman: On problems of language and linguistics. Vo­prosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 1,...

... Instituta lingvisticheskikh issledovanii [Acta Linguis­tica Petropolitana. Transactions of the Institute for Linguistic Studies], 11 (1), pp. 643—664. Available at: http://iling.spb.ru/pdf/alp/alp_XI_1.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2022] (in Russ.). Al‐Haj,... ... Typology of Culture], pp. 380—388. Tallinn (in Russ.). Milgram, M., 2016. Nothing will happen. Shakahuka. ru , September 9. Available at: http://www.shakshuka.org.il/author/milgram [Accessed 20 March 2022] (in Russ.). Moshkin, A., 2019. Post-Soviet ...

The author explores the meaning of proper names and other types of singular terms in the context of propositional attitudes, combining the problems of empty names, rigid designators and non-specific reading. An object in the attitudes can be given to the agent as such (de re), in the description (de dicto), as well as in several intermediate ways. From the analysis of the phe­nomenon of rigid designation, I move on to the theory of the object, where I consider two alterna­tives — strict, or Leibnizian...

... of expressing, capturing and communicating the city’s cultural code in signs of different origin. Afinskaya, Z. N. and Kulazhenkova, L. N., 2015. Urban toponymy as a semiotic problem. Evraziiskii Soyuz Uchenykh [Eurasian Union of Scientists], 11 (20), pp. 6—9 (in Russ.). Alexseev-Apraksin, A. M. and Geng Biao, 2021. Cultural Codes of Chinese Ethos. Asiatica: trudy po filosofii i kul'turam vostoka [Asiatica: Works on Philosophy and Cultures of the East], 2 (15), pp. 52—65 (in Russ.). Avanesova, G. A. and ...

The paper describes the practice of creating poetic texts on lects that possess a problemat­ic linguistic status. The author proposes using ‘topolect’ as a universal term for such entities, which allows them to be placed in a special category of language systems that occupy an in­termediate level between the standard and the rather homogeneous territorial dialects in a kind of multilingualism that is characterized by the distribution of functions between idioms. The analysis of the poetic tradition...

Since the sixties of the twentieth century, different algorithms for using poetic texts in the transformation of urban space have emerged. Poetic discourse is being increasingly contextualized in space, whose role in the contemporary cultural system and specific tasks of urbanism has been growing. In the urban context, poetry may acquire different forms — street performances, advertisements, murals and other types of visual poetry. It may turn the city into a venue for a festival of urban poetry...

This article explores Reinhard Jirgl’s concept of literary writing, which uses linguistic and textual deconstruction, alphanumeric encoding, and intra- and intertextual strategies. Semiotic and discursive analyses allow identifying lexical, syntactic, and semantic elements of the structural and functional performativity of Jirgl’s texts. His prose exploits the enor­mous poetic potential of the alphanumeric code, the aesthetics of narrative simultaneity and hypertextuality, and the fragmentedness...

... Dmitrievskogo sobora vo Vladimire. Opyt kompleksnogo is­sledovaniya [Reliefs of the Demetrius Cathedral in Vladimir. Comprehensive rese­arch experience]. Moscow (in Russ.). Herzen, A. I., 1957. Venezia la bella. In: Sobranie sochinenii [Collected works]. Vol. 11. Moscow, pp. 468—483 (in Russ.). Ischuk-Fadeeva, N. I., 2011. Subtext. Kul'turologiya [Culturology], 1 (56), pp. 162—175 (in Russ.). Kirichenko, E. I., 2008. The Church and the City: on the Symbolic and Structural Unity of the Russian Sacred Space....

... M. En, ed. Truths, Trust and Translation: A festschrift, love letter and thank you to Michèle Cooke . Frankfurt а/M, pp. 11—16. Kravchenko, A. V., 2021. Approaching linguistic semiosis biologically: implica­tions for human evolution. Rivista Italiana ... ... 29 (5), pp. 690—709. Maturana, H. R., 1970. Biology of cognition. Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) Research Report BCL 9.0. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. Maturana, H. R., 1978. Biology of language: The epistemology of reality. In: G. Mil­ler,...

This paper suggests a sociolinguistic approach to typographic landscape analysis. Typography is discussed as a semiotic resource with meaning-making potential. The paper argues that typographic variation provides dynamic indexical links to social practice. It obtains its ‘social voice’ and becomes an integral part of the social context in which it is perceived as typical and able to generate particular socially loaded meanings. This research is in line with contemporary social semiotics, interactional...

... the meaning of rank distributions. Nauchno-tekhnicheskaya informatsiya [Scientific and technical infor­mation], 2(1), pp. 9—20 (in Russ.). Bogdanova-Beglarian, N. V., Blinova, O. V., Martynenko, G. Ya. and Sherstino­va, T. Yu., 2019. Russian everyday ... ... ap­plied linguistics. Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Filologiya [Vestnik TvGU Series: Philology], 11 (207), pp. 273—291 (in Russ.). Chebanov, S. V., 1986. Complexity in biostratigraphy. In: Sistemnyi podkhod v ge­ologii ...

... [Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philology. Journalism], 3, pp. 79—83 (in Russ.). Nebol'sin, S. A., 2013. “Russian Phoenix”: Moscow in 1812 as a symbol of Russian and European poetry. Filologicheskaya regionalistika [Philological regional studies], 1 (9), pp. 7—22 (in Russ.). Patroeva, N. V., 2021. The image of the temple in the collection of E. A. Boratyn­sky “Twilight” and the problem of composition. Filologicheskie nauki. Nauchnye doklady vysshei shkoly [Philological Sciences. Scientific ...

The article explores the context important for the analysis of Lotman’s talk at the seminar on the problem of semiogenesis and functional specialization of cerebral hemispheres as a model of intellectual processes, which was held in Tartu. Forty years later, the author anal­yses changes in the viewpoints on the proposed model, taking into account the data of experi­mental neuroscience. The article emphasizes the fundamental value and topicality of Yuri Lotman’s ideas on the production of meaning...

... scientific and methodological conference of teachers and postgraduates. Vol. 14. General Linguistics Section]. St. Petersburg, pp. 16—22 (in Russ.). Kibrik, A. E., 1995. Modern linguistics: From where to where. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 9. Filologiya [Moscow University Philology Bulletin] , 5, pp. 93—103 (in Russ.). Kiefer, M. and Harpaintner, M., 2020. Varieties of abstract concepts and their groun­ding in perception or action. Open Psychology , 2, pp. 119—137. Koshelev, A. ...

... 23—37. Barbieri, M., 2012. Codepoiesis — the deep logic of life. Biosemiotics , 5 (3), pp. 297—299. Carter, Ch. W., Jr., Wills, P. R., 2021. Reciprocally-Coupled Gating: Strange Loops in Bioenergetics, Genetics, and Catalysis. Biomolecules , 11 (2), 265. doi: https://doi . org/10.3390/biom11020265. Chebanov, S. V., 1999. Biohermeneutics and hermeneutics of biology. Semiotica , 127 (1—4), pp. 215—226. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1999.127.1-4.215 . Deacon, T., 2011. Incomplete ...

... Philosophy , 5 (4), pp. 503—535. Heim, I., 1982. The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases . Amherst: University of Massachusetts. Heim, I., 1992. Presupposition projection and the semantics of attitude verbs. Jour­nal of semantics, 9 (3), pp. 183—221. Heim, I., 1994. Comments on Abusch’s theory of tense. In: I. Heim and H. Kamp, eds. Ellipsis, Tense and Questions . Amsterdam, pp. 143—170. Hintikka, J., 1969. Semantics for propositional attitudes. In: Models for modalities ...

... Augustine» in Russian writing of the 16th—19th centuries]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta [Moscow University Bulletin], ser. 9 filologiya, no. 4, pp. 108—163. Malyshev, V. I., 1940. Svedeniya o sobraniyakh rukopisey i staropechatnykh knig v nekotorykh ... ... ASSR]. Trudy otdela drevnerusskoy literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian Literature]. Moscow, Leningrad. Vol. 11, pp. 425—439 (in Russ). Malyshev, V. I., 1956а. Pizhemskaya rukopisnaya starina: (otchet o komandirovke 1955 g.) [Pizhemskaya ...

... R. Jakobson as Mediator of Cultural Transfer between Lin­guistics and Literary Experiments. Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski, 9 (2), pp. 309—317 (in Russ.). Feshchenko, V. V., Koval’, O. V., 2014. Sotvorenie znaka: Ocherki o lingvoestetike i se­mio­tike ... ... of interaction between avant-garde artistic and political discourses. Slovo.ru: baltiiskii aktsent [Slovo.ru: Baltic Accent], 11 (1), pp. 50—86 (in Russ.). Tsur, R., 2010. The poetic function and aesthetic qualities: cognitive poetics and the Jakobsonian ...

... Milton, J. and Bandia, P. F., eds., 2009. Agents of Translation , Amsterdam; Phila­delphia: J. Benjamins. Mojares, R. B., 2017. The Circuits of Translation: The Philippines and The World. Journal of English Studies and Comparative Literature, 16, pp. 11—22. Munday, J., 2014. Using primary sources to produce a microhistory of translation and translators: theoretical and methodological concerns. The Translator , 20 (1), pp. 64—80. Neather, R., ed., 2017. Compiled by M. P.Y Cheung. In: An Anthology ...

... Okhotsimsky, A. D., 2018b. Thought actions as the basis of mental work. Voprosy kul'turologii [Questions of cultural studies], 9, pp. 29—41 (in Russ.). Piaget, J. 1977. Recherches sur l'abstraction reflechissante. Vol. 1, 2. Paris. Piaget, J., 1970. Genetic ... ... functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations and misinterpretations. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, pp. 264—274. Rubinstein, S. L., 1940. Osnovy obshchei psikhologii [Fundamentals of General Psy­chology]. Moscow (in Russ....

The article analyses the poetic function as a mechanism for the semantic and composi­tional structuring of the text. The research aims to study repetition and parallelism, expand­ing the context from the heading to the minimal text and the textual unity within a poetic book and forming micro- and metacycles with movable boundaries. The material of the re­search is Ivan Zhdanov's monoverses, which were considered both immanently and as part of the book. The main methods of research are semantic, contextual...

..., M., 2002. Connecting the Two Infinite Orders. Research Methods in Trans­lation Studies. In: T. Hermans, ed. Crosscultural Transgressions. Research Models in Translation Studies II: Historical and Ideological Issues . Manchester: St Jerome, pp. 9—25. Wadensjö, C., 1998. Interpreting as Interaction. London: Longman. Watt, S., 2010. “But It’s Got No Tables or Graphs in It…” A Legacy of Scientific Do­minance in Psychology. In: J. Scott-Jones and S. Watt, eds. Ethnography in social ...

... of manipulation. Filosofskie nauki [Philo­sophical Sciences], 5, pp. 34—41 (in Russ.). Gerasimov, S. V., 2019. Construction of social reality: narratives and performanc­es. Chelovek. Kul'tura. Obrazovanie [Human. Culture. Education], 4 (34), pp. 9—23 (in Russ.). Gerasimov, S. V., 2020. Formation of a narrative from a performative in public communications. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent, 11 (1), pp. 34—49 (in Russ.). Hoffman, F. G., 2009. Hybrid warfare and challenges. Joint Force Quarterly, 52, pp. 34—39. Husserl, E., 2001. Kartezianskie razmyshleniya [Cartesian reflections]. St. Pe­tersvurg (in Russ.). Kant, I., 2002. Spor fakul'tetov ...

The article discusses the role of the syntactic level of the organisation of a poetic text in the formation of a model of literary communication. The research aims to identify the role of syntactic structures in the construction of lyric discourse and to explore the poetic function of grammar units in the text. The author employs the principles and techniques of linguopoetic analysis and the methodology of constructing a communicative act, which was developed in the works of Vinogradov, Shcherba...

... In: M. Albl-Mikasa and J. House, eds. English as a Lingua Franca and Trans­lation & Interpreting . Special Issue of JELF, 9 (1), pp. 217—238. Firth, A., 1996. The discursive accomplishment of normality. On “lingua franca” English and conversation ... ... Mediating zones of uncertainty. Interpreter agency, the inter­preting habitus and political asylums adjudication. The Translator, 11 (1), pp. 69—85. Jarvis, S. and Pavlenko, A., 2007. Crosslinguistic Influence in Language and Cogni­tion . London: Routledge....

... culture. The clash of old and new media]. Translated from English by A. V. Gasilina. Moscow (in Russ.). Jenkins, H., 2007. Transmedia Storytelling 101. Available at: http://henryjenkins . org/blog/2007/03/transmedia_storytelling_101.html [Accessed 9 December 2020]. Jenkins, H., 2011. Transmedia storytelling and entertainment. An annotating syllabus. Continuum. Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 24 (6), pp. 43—58. Lévy, P., 2001, Cyberculture. Minneapolis. McKee, R., 2013. Istoriya na million ...

The main aim of the article is to examine the grammatical and stylistic functions of the predicative attribute in the poetic work of Nekrasov. The study contributes to the general ‘grammar of poetry’, which has been proposed and developed by Roman Jakobson. The study shows that Nekrasov often used the predicative attribute and it constitutes one of the specific features of his style. Grammatically extended adjectival, participial and adverbial phrases, frequent in Nekrasov’s poetry, cause additional...

... Suominen, A. Arppe, A. Airola, O. Heinämäki, M. Miestamo, U. Määttä, J. Niemi, K. K. Pitkänen, and K. Sinnemäki, eds. A Man of Measure: Festschrift in Honour of Fred Karlsson on his 60th Birthday. Turku: Linguistic Association of Finland, pp. 3—11. Caritas Internationalis, 2017. Caritas on Venezuela . Available at: http://www . caritas.org/2017/08/caritas-on-venezuela/ Cobley, P., 2016. Cultural Implications of Biosemiotics . New York: Springer. Cronin, M., 2003. Translation and Gobalization ...

....). Pushkin, A. S., 1979. Secluded house on Vasilievsky. In: Poln. sobr soch.: v 10 t. [Complete works: in 10 volumes]. Vol. 9. Leningrad, pp. 351—373 (in Russ.). Ricœur, P., 1976. Interpretation theory: discourse and the surplus of meaning. Texas.... ... Argumentum ad morti in the discourse of violence; semantics and pragmatics of «radical» argumentation. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent, 11 (4), pp. 58—64 (in Russ.). Uspenskii, B. A., 1994. Tsar and impostor: a cultural phenomenon. In: Izbrannye Trudy [Selected ...

... R., 2004. Language and creativity: the art of common talk. London: Routledge. Dem'yankov, V. Z., 2009. Language and speech creativity. In: Yazyk kak mediator mezhdu znaniem i iskusstvom [Language as a mediator between knowledge and art]. Moscow, pp. 11—19 (in Russ.). Du Bois, J. W., 2014. Towards a dialogic syntax. Cognitive Linguistics, 25 (3), pp. 359—410. Elam, K., 2002. The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama. 2nd ed. London; New York: Routledge. Fateeva, N. A., 2016. Language creativity: approaches ...

... Revolución. Carpentier, A., 1963/1965. Detta upplysta tidevarv . Translated by J. Sjögren. Stockholm: Bonnier. Cortázar, J., 1960/1974. Continuidad de los parques. In: J. Cortázar. Final del juego. 16th ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, pp. 9—11. Cortázar, J., 1960/1967. Continuity of Parks. In: Blow-up and Other Stories (Origi­nally titled End of the Game and Other Stories ). Translated by P. Blackburn. New York: Pantheon Books, pp. 63—65. Cortázar, J., 1960/1969. Drama i park. In: ...

... Johns Hopkins University Press. Malukova, O., 2016. Contemporary Philosophical Discourse: Conceptualization of Traditional Notions “Technique and Technology”. Credo New. Available at: http:// www.intelros.ru/readroom/credo_new/do4-2016 [Accessed 11 October 2020] (in Russ.). Michel, J. B., Shen, Y. K., Aiden, A. P., Veres, A., Gray, M. K. and Pickett, J. P. et al., 2011. Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books (With Sup­porting Online Material). Science, 331(6014), ...

... creativity. In: Yazyk kak me­diator mezhdu znaniem i iskusstvom: sbornik dokladov Mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo se­mi­nara [Language as a mediator between knowledge and art: Collection of reports of the International Scientific Seminar]. Moscow, pp. 11—19 (in Russ.). Feshchenko, V. V., 2020a. Towards the limitation of the concept of “linguistic crea­tivity” and the delimitation of the spheres of its application. In: Yazyk, kul'tura, tvor­chestvo: Mirovye praktiki izucheniya [Language, culture,...

The main argument of the article is that literary translation assumed different roles in émigré periodicals: from serving educational purposes, through amplifying the diaspora’s cultural identity, to providing entertainment to their readership, and that all these roles con­formed to the political and ideological orientation and positioning of the newspaper and its editors. The article focuses on the newspaper Prosveta (The Enlightenment), a left-of-centre progressive newspaper published by the Slovene...

... subject, methodology, structure]. Vol. 3. Moscow (in Russ.). Lipovetsky, G., 2005. Hypermodern Times. Cambridge. Lubskii, A., 2015. The specificity of sociological discourse in Russia. Sotsial'no-gumanitarnye znaniya [Social and humanitarian knowledge], 9, pp. 128—135 (in Russ.). Maikova, T., 2016. The main criteria for selecting terminological vocabulary in the development of a lexicographic model of the English-language sociological ter­mi­nology. RUDN Bulletin, series Theory of language, Semiotics,...

The article deals with a ‘literary scandal’ as a mode and a script of communication within cubo-futurists poetic circles as far as the communication between poets and their addressees during a public performance is concerned. The latter is an essential component of the “literary everyday routine” of the poetic circles analysed. Not only does scandal betray an intention of insulting the recipient but also it is due to the scandal that the avant-garde author could find the addressee, become closer...

The article presents a comparative analysis of the translation of basic epistemological terms and attempts to analyse cognitive factors underlying the construction of meaning in the translation process. Apart from linguistic expertise, the translation of philosophical texts re­quires a profound understading of the subject matter. Ambiguity of philosophical terms, which appears as a result of the development of a particular concept within a specific philo­sophical school of thought, may lead to inconsistencies...

Boyadzhiev, T., 2016. D. Veselinov, A. Angelova. Dictionary of French words in the Bulgarian language in six volumes. Volume 1, A-B, Volume 2. Sofia, University Publishing House, 2015. 508 + 531 p. Sopostavitelnoe iazykoznanie [Comparative Lin­guistics], 1, pp. 109—113 (in Bulgarian). Legurska, P., 2013. Semantic Systems of Languages and Ways of their Cataloging (for Comparative Purposes). In: M. Drinov, ed. 70 godini balgarska akademichna leksiko­grafiya [70 years of Bulgarian academic lexicography]...

... Rhe­toric]. Moscow (in Russ.). Eko, U., 1999. Mirrors. In: Metafizicheskie issledovaniya: Yazyk [Metaphysical re­search: Language], 11. Saint-Petersburg, pp. 218—244 (in Russ.). Feshchenko, V. V., 2009. Is it possible to understand without understanding? An ... ... 26—30 maya 2010 g.) [Papers from the Annual International Con­ference “Dialogue” (2003) (Bekasovo, May 26-30, 2010)], 9(16). Moscow, pp. 90—96 (in Russ.). Kiklevich, A., 2016. Why are words repeated? (On the functional-semantic aspect of syntactic ...

..., № 17—24 [One thousand eight hundred and twelfth year № 1—16, № 17—24]. Moscow. Tsimbaev, K. N., 2005. The phenomenon of anniversary in Russian public life of the late XIX — early XX centuries. Voprosy istorii [Questions of history], 11, pp. 98—99 (in Russ.). Lapin, V. V., ed., 2016. 400-letie doma Romanovykh: politika pamyati i monarkhi­cheskaya ideya, 1613—2013 [400th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty: politics of me­mory and the monarchical idea, 1613—2013]. St. Petersburg ...

This article explores the expression of impoliteness of Internet users in confrontational threads. This approach involves the identification of speech aggression markers typical of a certain type of discourse. This makes it possible to define the roles and attitudes of partici­pants in the conflict interaction. The authors employed methods of discourse analysis and corpus tools of data collection and marking. Seven confrontational threads in the communities of the social network "Vkontakte"...

This article attempts to approach the discovery of what Dostoevsky called Pushkin’s ‘great secret’. In his essay ‘Pushkin’, Dostoevsky wrote that the poet had ‘a capacity for uni­versal sympathy’. The ‘secret’ of Pushkin is analysed in this article in the context of the gen­eral cultural problem of fundamental ontological predicates, which determined the main cul­tural codes of the literary worlds reflected in the poet’s oeuvre. The methodological approach is based on Valentin Nepomnyashchiy’s concept...

... Kul'tura delovoi i politicheskoi argumentatsii [Culture of bu­si­ness and political reasoning]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Tulchinskii, G. L., 1992. Mechanical argument. Filosofskaya i sotsiologicheskaya mysl' [Phi­losophical and sociological thought], 11, pp. 108—112 (in Russ.). Tulchinskii, G. L., 1995. Argumentum ad morti. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo uni­ver­siteta. Ser. 6 [Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Ser. 6], 1, pp. 10—14 (in Russ.). Chueshov, V. I., 1993. The Argument to Death: ...

It has been repeatedly noted that there are similarities between Pushkin’s short story ‘The blizzard’, Zhukovsky's ballad ‘Svetlana’, from which Pushkin borrowed the epigraph, and Burger's ‘Lenora’, which was twice used by Zhukovsky in different contexts. Differences in the functioning of the traditional plot are considered against the background of the interrela­tion and interdependence between fate, chance, and free will. In a Christian reading, the atti­tudes of the main characters of the three...

... accusation and excuse in dialogic unity]. Ph. D. Novosi­birsk State Pedagogical University (in Russ.). Maksimyuk, E. V., 2017. Psychoemotional content of the genre of reproach (gen­der aspect). Vestnik TGPU [Bulletin of Tomsk State Pedagogical University], 11 (188), pp. 18—24 (in Russ.). Evgenieva, A. P., ed., 1985—1988. MAS = Slovar` russkogo yazy`ka: v 4 t. [Diction­ary of Russian language: 4 volumes]. Vol. 1. Moscow (in Russ.). Naumenko, Ya. M., 2014. Influence of pragmatic factors on the linguistic ...

This article deals with Andrey Bolotov’s official employment status during his time in Königsberg (April 1758 — March 1762). The work considers the historiographic tradition originating from Bolotov’s memoirs, the Königsberg pages of which were written more than 30 years after the events described. Bolotov’s memoirs are compared with his correspondence of the time and the archival materials of the Russian administration of East Prussia during the Seven Years’ War. It is concluded that Bolotov’s status...

This article explores when and under what circumstances the words starik and starina emerged as terms of friendship in standard Russian language. These terms were often used by male characters in the prose of the Khrushchev Thaw — students, scientists, and engineers. It was initially assumed that these words had become forms of address at that time. Analysis of data from the Russian National Corpus shows that these terms of friendship date back earlier than that. Starik was used to address a male...

... litsam [Letters of A. T. Boloto­va to different people]. OR RNB. F. 89. № 110 (in Russ.). Kucherov, A. and Morozov, I., 1933. From the unpublished literary heritage of Bo­lotov. In: L. Avebakh, ed. Literaturnoe nasledstvo [Literary heritage]. Vol. 9—10. Mos­cow. pp. 153—222 (in Russ.). Veselova, A. Yu., 2015. Novels in the circle of reading and memoirs of Bolotov. In: N. D. Kochetkova, ed. XVIII vek [XVIII century]. Vol. 28. St. Petersburg. pp. 86—104 (in Russ.). Glagoleva, O. E., 1988. ...

..., G. P., 2012. Principles for defining the boundaries of a translation com­mentary. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Romano-ger¬manskaya filologiya [Bulletin of the Buryat State University. Vol.: Romano-Germanic philology], 11, pp. 65—69 (in Russ.). Dumas, F., 2018. Le paratexte en devenir dans la traduction. Genèse et fonctions du paratexte traductif. Atelier de traduction, Section Dossier thématique, 30, pp. 103—118. Flores, V. d. N. and Hoff, S. L., 2018. Le dire ...

The author considers the evolution of the concept “people” in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Benedict Spinoza. The political thought of Europe in the 17th century demonstrates a conscious turn from the medieval scholastic tradition of thinking about people and power. Politics begins to be thought of as a complex of human ac­tions aimed at achieving certain human goals. This, in turn, leads to the rationalisation of politics and, as a consequence, to the rejection...