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... the use of force in the struggle against evil prompted Russian émigré thinkers to take a closer look at Tolstoy’s ethical concept and pay attention to its positive content. On this basis Berdyaev and especially Frank create their version of the Christ-centered ... ... Books of S. L. Frank]. Moscow: Modest Kolerov. (In Rus.) Berdyaev, N. A., 1912. The Old and New Testament in L. Tolstoy’s Religious Consciousness. In: Sbornik vtoroi. O religii L’va Tolstogo [The Second Collection. On Lev Tolstoy’s Religion], 1912....

... Last Days of the Earthly Life of Our Lord Jesus Christ]. Odessa (in Russ.). John of Damascus, 2003. Tochnoe izlozhenie pravoslavnoi very [An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith]. Moscow (in Russ.). Jones, M., 2005. Dostoevsky and the Dynamics of Religious Experience. London. Karamzin, N. M., 1984. Pis'ma russkogo puteshestvennika [Letters of a Russian tra­vel­ler]. Leningrad (in Russ.). Kasatkina, T. A., 1996. Kharakterologiya Dostoevskogo. Tipologiya emotsional'no-tsen­nostnykh orientatsii ...

... Prepodavatel XXI vek, 2/1, pp. 46-61. (In Rus.) Ern, V. F., 1910. Berkeley as the Founder of Modern Immanentism. Voprosy filosofii i psihologii [Issues of Philosophy and Psychology], 103, pp. 413-436. (In Rus.) Ern, V. F., 1912. Critique of the Kantian Concept of Truth. In: Filosofskij sbornik. L’vu Mihajlovichu Lopa­tinu k tridcatiletiyu nauchno-pedagogicheskoj deyatel’nosti. Ot Moskovskogo psihologicheskogo obshchestva. 1881-1911 [Philosophical Collection. To Lev Mikhailovich Lopatin for Thirty ...

... content from the functions of thinking underlying each category. Furthermore, Kant justifies by means of a transcendental deduction the fact that the categories of freedom necessarily relate to all objects of the will. I argue that the categories are concepts constitutive for the object of the will: the role they play is that of the functions of willing an object. Finally, I show that the categories of freedom reach beyond Kant’s foundation of moral philosophy. They point to the later Metaphysics ...

... Empowerment. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Laitinen, A., 2015. Social Pathologies, Reflexive Pathologies, and the Idea of Higher-Order Disorders. Studies in Social and Political Thought, 1, pp. 44-65. Laitinen, A. and Särkelä, A., 2019. Four conceptions of social pathology. European Journal of Social Theory, 22(1), pp. 80-102. Lenczewska, O., 2025. Karolina on Confining Women to Domestic Labor and Private Reason. In: R. Maliks & E. Widmer, eds. 2025. Kant’s Early Followers in Political ...

... ikh lechenie [Clinical semiotics with a focus on threatening symptoms and their treatment]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Podgornaya, E. A. and Demidenko, K. A., 2014. Linguistic characteristics of In­ternet chats as a type of communication. Koncept [Concept], 9(September), pp. 136—140. Avaliable at: http://e-kon-cept.ru/2014/14254.htm [Accessed 13 December 2021] (in Russ.). Polani, M., 1985. Lichnostnoe znanie: na puti k postkriticheskoi filosofii [Personal know­ledge: on the way to post-critical ...

... theological faculty). Vizual'naya teo­logiya [Journal of Visual Theology], 1, pp. 84—99 (in Russ.). Solntsev, N. I., 2012a. The concept of “New Jerusalem” in the construction initia­tive of Andrey Bogolubsky. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im.... ... E. N., 1993. Speculation in colors. In: Filosofiya russkogo religioznogo is­kusstva ХVI—ХХ vv. [Philosophy of Russian religious art of the 16th — 19th cen­tu­ries]. Moscow, pp. 195—219 (in Russ.). Ukolova, V. I., 1999. The city as a paradigm ...

This article addresses the structure of the ‘mission’ religious conceptual field in the discourse of the German theologian J. H. Wichern. The structure of the corresponding core concept incorporates basic characteristics – representatives of group meanings and varying characteristics, i. e. the author’s interpretation of group meanings. 1. Кубрякова Е. С. О тексте и критериях его определения ...

... not merely laws of cognising things, but laws of their being. In conclusion, I show that Golubinsky forms his epistemological concept in polemics with Kant, borrowing from him only those propositions which fit his metaphysics or modifying them to that ... ... Golubinsky as a Subject of Historical and Philosophical Analysis]. St. Tikhon’s University Review. Series I: Theology. Philosophy. Religious Studies, 5 (49), pp. 43-59. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2008. Tetens, Kant i diskussiya o metafizike v Germanii vtoroj ...

A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical principles in a way that would clarify the conceptual connection between maxims and laws. In this...

... as a form of idealism that is not violent, totalitarian or reductive, but rather is an idealism aimed at alterity and the other; (5) the role of history and especially the history of Judaism in constructing a religion of reason and the developing the concept of Judaism. According to Cohen, thinking is the thinking of first elements. However, he understands the first elements not only as the beginning of any thinking process, but also as the first principle of critical thinking, whereas the ‘first ...

... Leont'ev. Ocherk iz istorii russkoy religioznoy mysli. Aleksey Stepanovich Khomyakov [Konstantin Leontiev. Essay of Russian religious life. Aleksey Stepanovich Khomyakov]. Moscow, p. 226—445. 7. Bobrov E. A. 1898. Iz istorii kriticheskogo individualizma ... ... individualism]. Kazan, 51 p. 8. Bobrov E. A. 1895. O ponyatii iskusstva. Umozritel'no-psikhologicheskoe issledovanie [About the concept of art. Speculative and psychological research]. Yuriev, 248 p. 9. Gaydenko P. P. 2001. Vladimir Soloviev i filosofiya ...

... analyzing Hessen’s works — unlike the works of other Russian philosophers, one faces the acute problem of separation between the concepts of practical philosophy and philosophical practice or ‘concrete philosophy’. If practical philosophy is ethics, philosophical ... ... this evolution was his interest in the philosophical ideas of Solovyov and Dostoyevsky. Hessen found the foundation for the religious perspective of his position in the Platonic tradition. 1. Гессен С. И. Избранные сочинения....

... of the four surviving manuscripts of Kant’s lectures on rational theology. The Lectures include an introduction, two parts, and an appendix. The introduction contains an overview of the basic questions and problems of rational theology, namely: the concept of theology, arts of natural theology, the idea of highest essence, possible types of arguments for the existent of God and their limitations etc. The first part is called “Transcendental theology”. It is of limited research interest, since ...

... an antipode of another ancient Greek philosopher, Pythagoras, whose doctrines were secret. Coming together in the image of Socrates, publicity and rationality mutually condition each other. This again is a feature shared with Kant who put forward the concept of the public and private use of reason. Today, the term “publicity” should be replaced by the more accurate term “openness.” Like publicity, openness implies accessibility of knowledge to the largest possible number of people. However,...

Axiological categories and the concepts they consist of have always been a major area of interest in science. The development of cognitive linguistics has opened new perspectives for the study of axiological events, categories and concepts within them. This article explores the structure ...

... and yet claim to be a renewed version of it. It is shown that the fairly systematic critique of the Kant­ian approach by Johann Georg Hamann and Johann Gottfried Herder falls short of proposing an alternative philosophical system because, having a religious foundation, it does not offer a complete grounding of knowledge. In the wide range of anti-Kantian positions on the nature of language Gustav Shpet’s concept of language is singled out. It pursues the same task of creating a universal system of knowledge as Husserl’s phenomenology, but it proceeds from fundamentally different notions of philosophical knowledge. Unlike Husserl, whose thought is marked ...

... late capitalism. It is well-established that Dostoevsky's ‘orthodox’ socialist stance resonated with Marx's critique of bourgeois society, focusing on themes of materialism, the dominance of wealth, and alienation. Both thinkers grappled with the concept of human free­dom, recognizing it as an intrinsic characteristic and essential aspect of humanity. While they shared similar views on existential and social dimensions of freedom, they diverged in their conceptual approaches to achieving it. ...

This article discusses the results of a survey underlying a reconstruction of ideas about tact and tactlessness in Russian communicative culture. The author considers the concept of tact to be a communicative strategy within the cate­gory of politeness that is closely related to native speakers' notion about the boundaries of private space. Thus, tact is defined as a communicative strategy driven by the speaker's desire ...

... examination, however, a more differentiated picture emerges. In addition to pathological enthusiasm, Kant recognises an aesthetically sublime enthusiasm, and in his reflections on the reaction to the events of the French Revolution, Kant coined the concept of a true enthusiasm, related to the ideas of freedom and justice. Finally, Kant introduces the concept of the enthusiasm of good resolution. It is a preliminary stage of the feeling of respect for the moral law in moral education. It is no longer ...

In this article I propose a reconstruction of the link between the concept of the system of philosophy as “the history of self-consciousness” put forward by Schelling in the treatise The System of Transcendental Idealism (1800), and one of the key elements of the Kantian critical philosophy, the teaching on the transcendental ...

... and personality traits. Describing his characters, the writer uses a number of images: the king of all animals, the cowardly lion, etc. The multilanguage anagrammatic code highlights the connection of the name of the pro­ta­gonist with the two key concepts of the novel — love (LEV = LoVE) and death. Similarly, this code works with the names of Lyuda (‘ludus’ as ‘game’ in Latin; Lev playing with Lyuda — ‘homo ludens’). The name Arkady is semantically associated with death in the ...

... ideas and principles of reason build transcendental elements to conceive transcendental philosophy as a philosophical system. Accordingly, in addition to the “Transcendental Analytic”, Kant develops in the “Transcendental Dialectic” an expanded concept of the transcendental. The transcendental ideas do not denote object-constitutive principles but, in a weaker sense, conditions of the possibility of experience. The relation between Division One and Division Two of the “Doctrine of Elements” ...

... answer this question I analyse the structure and give a brief summary of the dissertation, look at the history of its writing and try to identify the place of this work among Kant’s other papers on natural philosophy. I then demonstrate that Kant’s concept of ether as an elastic matter of fire, heat and light containing the forces of attraction and repulsion originates in the dissertation On Fire. I identify the provisions in Kant’s early works which he later develops in the Master’s dissertation ...

... Kant’s practical philosophy. Firstly, this relates to the formation of the Königsberg philosopher’s views on law. However, the lecture notes (especially the introduction) are of equal importance to understanding certain problems of Kant’s ethical concept and interpretation of the connection between ethics and law. An important role is played by the concept of Billigkeit, which is rather difficult to translate into the Russian language and is found in other Kant’s texts on practical philosophy....

... interpretation of secularity of the state and the widespread atheist politics in modern society. The author analyses the genesis of the concept, its evolution, and the main features of a secular state. The interdisciplinary approach is used for a deeper understanding ... ... there is a need to distinguish secularism from secularism, and suggests ways to strengthen the national culture, including its religious aspects. 1. Понкин И. В. Светскость государства. М., 2004. 2. Даль В. И. Толковый ...

The authors have conducted a comparative analysis of the novels by Olga Tokarczuk, "The Journey of the People of the Book" and "The Books of Jacob,", where the conceptual role is played by motifs of travel and books, and the theme of religious-mystical societies of the 17th-18th centuries becomes significant. The genre specificity of the two texts, features of their narrative structure, and character systems are considered. It is asserted that the two analyzed books share a logocentric...

... defend the thesis that their philosophical projects are firmly linked. Considering Kant’s presence in Deleuze’s study, I conclude that Kant’s philosophy has shaped some key aspects of the French philosopher’s thinking — in particular, the concept of “transcendental empiricism” — and also has influenced Deleuze’s ideas about difference, becoming, ground and immanence. Agamben, G., 1999. Absolute Immanence. In: D. Heller-Roazen, ed. 1999. Potentialities: Collected Essays in ...

This text is a polemic against the 2023 article by Sergey N. Gradirovsky who wrote about the present-day relevance of Immanuel Kant’s concept of enlightenment and challenged the idea of the modern human being as a child who needs an external guardian or guide to control his behaviour. In my polemic with Gradirovksy I point out that in addition to “self-incurred immaturity” Kant ...

... foundations of a new metaphysical synthesis. He set himself the task of “transforming” the Kantian philosophy into a new metaphysical system proceeding from the foundational principles of critical thinking. As a result, he managed to overcome the abstract concept of the human being characteristic of Neo-Kantians to put the concrete human in the absolute horizon of being at the focus of philosophical investigations. In his metaphysics anthropology begins to play a system-forming and meaning-forming role,...

... philosophy, most notably on the problems of free will in the light of the debates at the end of the eighteenth century; on the concept of human dignity and its reflection in daily life and in the main legal documents of the Russian Federation; on the possibility ... ... realities. The issue of the reception of Kant’s philosophy in Russia is also discussed, using as an example the article by Russian religious philosopher Alexey Vvedensky in the historical context of Kant’s early reception and subsequent fate in the twentieth ...

... Kirsberg, I. V., 2003. Fenomenologiya zhizni: Vetkhii Zavet i pervye khristiane [The Phenomenology of Life: The Old Testament and the Early Christians]. Moscow (in Russ.). Proskurin, S. G. and Kharlamova, L. A., 2007. Semiotika kontseptov [Semiotics of Concepts]. Novosibirsk (in Russ.). Proskurin, S. G., 2013. Kurs semiotiki. Yazyk, Kul'tura, Pravo [Semiotics Course. Lan­guage, Culture, Law]. Novosibirsk (in Russ.). Rosier, J. L., 1964. Instructions for Christians. Anglia-Zeitschrift für englische ...

... Kant, his views command some interest today because many of them played a certain role in the perception of Kant in the Soviet and post-Soviet times and were reflected in the discussions of the Kantian philosophy as a whole, especially its fundamental concept of the “thing-in-itself”. Belov, V. N., 2012. Russian Neo-Kantianism: History and Peculiarities of Development. Kantian Journal, 39(1), pp. 27-39. (In Rus.) Chaly, V., 2018. Kantianism and Anti-Kantianism in Russian Revolutionary Thought....

... Proceeding from Kant’s correspondence, the Critique of Pure Reason, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, and some modern conceptions of consciousness, I reconstruct the transcendental model of experience in terms of the conditions of its coherence.... ... Philosophy]. Moscow: Progress-Kul’tura, pp. 100-106. (In Rus.) Manoussakis, J. P., 2019. Sacred Addictions: On the Phenomenology of Religious Experience. Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 33(1), рр. 41-55. Mazijk, C. van, 2020. Perception and Reality in Kant,...

... criteria of a ‘science’. The same argument holds for alchemy (‘chymistry’ or spagyric), which is likewise not regarded as a science. Hermeneutic history and philosophy of science are useful, not only for developing an understanding of Kant’s conception of chemistry as a science, but also of his invocation of Stahl’s spagyric ‘art’, and his example of the mutable properties of a specific ore of mercury, Zinnober or cinnabar (HgS). A significant property of cinnabar (HgS) in this regard ...

The ‘pragmatics of language’ is a set of pragmatic means of a particular language, the meanings of which not only change the world, but also themselves change in the framework of discourse. At the same time, ‘linguistic pragmatics’ is a branch of linguistics that examines linguistic units from the point of view of their use. The ‘pragmatic turn’ of the 1970s in lin­guistics meant an interest in using language as an action in which words acquire their ac­tual mea­nings, sometimes radically different...

The article examines the transformation of the concept of diglossia from the moment of its introduction by C. Ferguson to denote a stable language situation to the comprehension of the phenomenon of polyglossia, which is characteristic of many countries in the modern world. It is noted that code-switching ...

... imperial heritage. The method aimed to diminish and ridicule that heritage. This was achieved by causing ‘high’ (objects of religious worship or imperial power) and ‘low’ (objects relating physiological processes or sexuality) phenomena to collide ... ... November 2017]. 6. Malyutin, A. K voprosu o sushchnosti ponyatiya «levoe iskusstvo» [To the question of the essence of the concept of "left art"]. Available at: http://www.1917.com/Gallery/ProletCritica/1118916025.html [Accessed 21 November ...

A new interpretation of the novel "The Pyramid" by L. Leonov is suggested. The article supports the idea that in his ideology developed in the novel, Leonov is close to Dostoevsky: the central religious and philosophical statement of the novel is the ontological duality of existence where good and evil, God and Devil actively oppose each other. 1. Варламов А. Наваждение Леонида Леонова // Журнал русской ...

The author analyses the main characteristics of legal discourse and its relatedness to the system of values of any given society, its political, religious and economic spheres. Legal discourse reflects historical and cultural conditionality. The main characteristics of legal discourse include reference to special legal concepts, narrow communicative setting and a number of semantic limitations. 1. Аутюнова Н. Д. Дискурс // Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь. М., 1990. С. 136—137. 2. Дейк Т. ...

This article develops the concept of historical process being determnined by cultural phenomena. The cultural aspect examined by the author is religious beliefs. It is shown that Prussia constituted a region of intersection between ancient Prussian paganism rooted in the proto-Indo-European era and Roman Catholic Church and Orthodoxy. The interaction of these forms of ideology is used to explain ...

... “post-humanist” (Utopian or dystopian) ideas about AI — that there exists a crucial difference between human action and its (partial) AI-simulation. While Nida-Rümelin/Weidenfeld´s “digital humanism” is, on the one hand, inspired by Kant’s conception of human autonomous self-determination, the concept of “structural rationality” that they advocate is, on the other hand, quite problematic. “Digital humanism”, however, can be improved as I argue — with reference to Barbara Herman’s ...

An unrecognised copy (1665) in Kant’s private library of Michael Piccart’s Isagoge (1605), an introduction to the system of Aristotelian philosophy together with Kant’s own remarks on this author (Refl 4160, AA 17, p. 439) can be established as an original source for the Kantian ‘ideosphere’. First, I point out contexts and consequences of Piccart’s Altdorfian Aristotelianism, in contrast to the Königsbergian Aristotelianism (emphasised by Tonelli’s research). To further check the quality of Piccart...

... Gadamer and others). Accordingly, the authors consistently reconstruct “the sphere of conversation” within which Shpet’s concept of “historical philosophy” was formed and reveal the place and role of Kant’s ideas in Shpet’s theories (with ... ... philosophy and the methodology of scientific cognition. Akhutin, A. V., 1990. Sophia and the Devil (Kant in the Face of Russian Religious Metaphysics). Voprosy filosofii, 1, pp. 51-69. (In Rus.) Anonym., 1907. Report on the activities of the Psychological ...

The Russian intuitivist philosopher Nikolay Lossky repeatedly admitted Kant’s substantial formative influence on him as a scholar. Moreover, Lossky was a disciple of the Russian Kantian Aleksander Vvedensky, and was one of the most successful translators of the first Critique. However, his own philosophical project is rather the opposite of the critical programme. While in the framework of Lossky’s epistemology the specificities of his reading of Kant have received a fair amount of attention in Russian...

... categorial schemes by Lossky and Frank is their striving to combine gnoseological and ontological descriptions of categories. The key difference is the way an onto-gnoseological system as a whole is justified. In revealing the contradictions in Lossky’s conception, I proceed from the critical remarks of S. A. Askoldov (Alexeyev), pointing out that these contradictions stem from an absolutisation of intuition in cognition, the renunciation of the idea of gnoseological transcendence, incompleteness of ...

... Russ.) Chistovich, I. A., 1857. Istoriya Sankt-Peterburgskoi Du­khovnoy Academii [History of St. Petersburg Theological Academy]. St. Petersburg: Typ. Iakova Treia. (In Russ.) Drobnickii, O. G., 1974. Ponyatie morali: istoriko-kriticheskiy ocherk [The Concept of Morality: A Historico-Critical Sketch]. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russ.) Ferretti, P., 1998. A Russian Advocate of Peace: Vasilii Malinovskii (1765—1814). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Fischer, A., 1835. On the Course of Education in Russia ...

... prevailing interpretations of Spinoza’s ethical theory view it as an example of heteronomy in the Kantian sense of the term. I make a case for the claim that is not in harmony with such interpretations. In the course of the argument I discuss Kant’s concepts of autonomy and heteronomy showing how they refer to will and to ethics. Then I describe a group of interpretations which portray Spinoza’s moral theory as heteronomous. My critique begins by presenting some textual evidence which vividly contradicts ...