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... philosophy of the modern period dealing with questions of ethics and epistemology; Socrates brought about a similar revolution in ancient Greek philosophy. The image of Socrates continues to inspire modern scholars, the main features of this image being rationality and publicity. Socrates is seen as an arch-rationalist and the founder of science and philosophy as a whole. Besides, he practised philosophy publicly, being an antipode of another ancient Greek philosopher, Pythagoras, whose doctrines were ...

... I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden; translated by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 121-142. Kant, I., 1996. The Conflict of the Faculties. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology. Translated by M. J. Gregor and R. Anchor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 233-328. Kaplun, V., 2001. From Nietzsche to Nietzsche: On the Intersection of Two Philosophical Biographies (Semyon Frank and Michel Foucault). In: ...

Throughout history, both philosophers and non-philosophers have doubted that philosophical positions qua philosophical positions are justified and that philosophy is a rational enterprise. Today, such doubts are grouped under the term “Metaphilosophical Skepticism”. Nicholas Rescher, in his book Strife of Systems, includes Kant among the proponents of this kind of skepticism. I want to argue that while Rescher is ...

... of the report consider Kant to be a philosopher of European Enlightenment which laid the foundations of the modern world, but also proved to be the source of global problems. The report characterises the philosophy of the Enlightenment as lop-sided rationalism which dismisses everything that does not possess desirable properties. In exchange, the authors offer a philosophy of balance, described in several points as the balance between conflicting values. The overarching problem of the philosophy ...

... universiteta [Sign Systems Studies. 5. Sci­entific letters of The University of Tartu.], 266. Tartu, pp. 334—344 (in Russ.). Saussure, F. de, 1997. Trudy po yazykoznaniyu [Cours de linguistique Générale]. Moscow (in Russ.). Searle, J. R., 1993. Rationality and Realism, What Is at Stake? Daedalus , 122 (4), pp. 55—83. Zimmerling, A. V., 2023. Really: syntactics without semiotics? Slovo.ru: Baltic ac­cent , 14 (3), pp. 125—153, https://doi.org/ 10.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-9 (in Russ.). Zolyan,...

... models: New perspec­ti­ves in a Peircean key. Biosemiotics , 13, pp. 179—197, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12304-020-09385-w. Porus, V. N., 2008. Between philosophy and history of science: on the way to the "flexible" theory of scientific rationality. In: I. Lakatos, ed. Izbrannye proizvedeniya po filosofii i metodologii nauki [Selected works on philosophy and methodology of sci­ence]. Moscow, pp. 9—24 (in Russ.). Sharov, A. and Tønnessen, M., 2021. Semiotic agency . Springer International ...

....). Entsiklika «Svet very» — Lumen Fidei [Encyclical Letter Lumen fidei], 2013. Avai­lable at: https://papst.pro/ru/1349 [Accessed 20 September 2021] (in Russ.). Esaulov, I. A., 2009. The Easter Archetype of Russian Literature as a Genre Gene­ration Factor. In: Dergachevskie chteniya — 2008. Russkaya literatura: natsional'noe razvi­tie i regional'nye osobennosti. Problema zhanrovykh nominatsii [Dergachev Readings — 2008. Russian Literature: National Development and Regional Peculiarities....

The key thesis of natural teleology is that the products of nature should be judged by the goal of their existence or they should be explained as if such a goal existed. The prevailing view in the literature is that there are two main stages in the development of teleology in the framework of philosophical knowledge: the classicaland the non­classical. The isolation of these stages is based on the conviction that at a certain period of time finalism is supplanted by the notion of the goal engendered...

... Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 43-108. Kant, I., 1996c. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology. Translated by G. Di Giovanni, edited by G. Di Giovanni and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 39-216. Kant, I., 1996d. The Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edit­ed by ...

... German Society’ in Königsberg and its founder Flottwell, a friend of Gottsched’s, are described. The influence of the Roman Stoa then becomes much clearer through the influence of Gottsched’s rhetoric textbook. All in all, Kant attempts to present rational arguments for dealing with death, which can suddenly strike human life; he writes under the obvious influence of a Stoic mindset (see the second part). Most of the comments by Kant scholars on the little work to date have been negative or vague....

... Gott und reiner praktischer Ver­nunft in der Philosophie Immanuel Kants. In: G. Kruip, M. Fischer, Hg. 2006. Als gäbe es Ihn nicht — Vernunft und Gottesfrage heute. Berlin & Münster: Lit, S. 55-63. Kant, philosophy of religion, church faith, rational faith, hypotyposis, symbol, Bible 125-154 10.5922/0207-6918-2024-4-5

... Journal. Philosophy. Sociology. Political Science, 4, pp. 230-239. (In Rus.) Shaftesbury, A. A. C., 1977. An Inquiry Concerning Virtue, or Merit. Edited by D. Walford. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Tilley, J., 2012. Exciting Reasons and Moral Rationalism in Hutcheson’s Illustrations upon the Moral Sense. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 50(1), pp. 53-83. Walschots, M., 2017. Hutcheson and Kant: Moral Sense and Moral Feeling. In: C.W. Surprenant and E. Robinson, eds. 2017. Kant and the ...

In this paper, which is largely personal and retrospective, the author shares his memories of his encounters with the works of Yuri Lotman and takes the opportunity for a reconside­ration of his semiotics as a specific reflection on the history of Russia. Beginning with me­mories of the first encounter with Lotman's work more than thirty years ago in Korea, the author describes his experiences studying Lotman in Russia under the ...

Outside the view of historians of Russian philosophy there are still unpublished materials that can illuminate unknown aspects of the reception of Kant’s philosophy in Russia. One piece of such material, which is published in the appendix to this article, was found in the archive of B. V. Nikolsky, where it is titled “Article by S.V. on the Occasion of the Centenary of Immanuel Kant’s Death. 1904”. It is devoted to Kant’s philosophy of law, the origins of which are traced back to the French Revolution...

In his 1916 book, History as a Problem of Logic, Gustav Shpet undertakes the task of reconstructing the whole Kantian conception of history, previously scattered in various articles and minor works of the critical period. He builds the reconstruction around Kant’s Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective, with a focus on the a priori ‘thread’ in history and not empirical history. Shpet’s general assessment of Kant’s contribution to the development of historical science is sharply...

... Metaphysics, and some modern conceptions of consciousness, I reconstruct the transcendental model of experience in terms of the conditions of its coherence. This model includes the systematic unity of the properties of objects, which is the flip side of the rational unity of cognizing reason. Important conditions of the unity of experiential data are their connectedness due to the homogeneity of time and space (non-empirical intuition), and the organizing work of the a priori forms of sensing, which creates ...

... “Travel Letters from England, Germany and France” by N. I. Gretch. Dva veka russkoi klassiki [Two centuries of Russian classics], 5 (3), pp. 24—59, https://doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2023-5-3-24-59 (in Russ.). Zhdanov, S. S., 2023. Idyll, history, rationality: city images in “Real journey to Germany in 1835” by Nikolay Gretsch. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent, 14 (1), рp. 8—28, https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-1-1 (in Russ.). imagology, travelogue, world-image of Germany, Bavaria, Munich,...

... [Collected works: in 10 volumes]. Vol. 4. Moscow, pp. 5—199 (in Russ.). Ramsey, F. P., 2003. General propositions and causality. In: F. P. Ramsey, ed. Filosofskie raboty [Philosophical works]. Tomsk, pp. 183—204 (in Russ.). Saimon, G. A., 1993. Rationality as a process and product of thinking. In: THESIS , 3. Moscow, pp. 16—38 (in Russ.). Shalack, V. I., 2022. On the origins of logical pluralism. Filosofskii zhurnal [Philo­sophy Journal], 15, 4, pp. 88—97, https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-4-88-97 ...

... hypothesis is that the semantic adaptation of borrowings is determined by the types of cognitive categorization employed. Two types of categorization are described: logical categorization and non-logical categorization. Logical categorization involves the rational structuring of phenomena within a native speaker’s worldview, while non-logical categorization reflects an emotional-evaluative perception of reality, expressing various emotions through borrowings. The research draws on several sources, including ...

... meanings based on the stereotypes associated with life in the capitals. The study reveals that the word ‘moskvanutyj’ expresses the meanings associated with a negative assessment of Moscow residents, rejection of their pace of life, values, as­pi­rations for success, and condemnation of those who seek to move to Moscow and do not app­re­ciate their ‘small homeland’. On the contrary, the words ‘peterburgnutyj’ and ‘piternutyj’ emp­hasize love for the city, contrasting its culture ...

This research is devoted to the study of efficacious translation strategies in the process of game localization. It discusses the means of linguistic localization of videogames in terms of cultural linguistic approach. The attention is paid to the analysis of the methods and grounds for choosing certain translation strategies so as to adapt the in-game realia fand terms for the target gaming community. The research is based on the materials of the role-playing computer game (RPG) Disco Elysium and...

Based on a review of the literature on ethnography produced by translation scholars over the past twenty years, this contribution explores how translation studies [TS] has appropriat­ed this concept, first as a way to solve translation problems (with Eugene Nida), then as an object (within the cultural turn) and more recently as a research methodology to document and analyze translation and interpreting events in context. The author shows how, in the early seventies, both cultural anthropology and...

The author considers the evolution of the concept “people” in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Benedict Spinoza. The political thought of Europe in the 17th century demonstrates a conscious turn from the medieval scholastic tradition of thinking about people and power. Politics begins to be thought of as a complex of human ac­tions aimed at achieving certain human goals. This, in turn, leads to the rationalisation of politics and, as a consequence, to the rejection...

... Pjatigorskij, ed. Neprekrashhaemyj razgovor [Incessant conversation]. St. Peters­burg. pp. 354—372 (in Russ.). Posner, R., 2015. Racional'nyj diskurs i pojeticheskaja kommunikacija: metody lingvisticheskogo, literaturnogo i filosofskogo analiza [Rational discourse and poetic communication: methods of linguistic, literary and philosophical analysis]. Tomsk (in Russ.). Reformatskij, A. A., 1996. Vvedenie v jazykovedenie [Introduction to linguistics]. Moscow (in Russ.). Shpet, G. G., 2007. Iskusstvo ...

The conceptualization of the philosophy of the text requires a preliminary idea about the ways of the textual presentation of philosophy as such. At the same time, philosophical views per se are difficult to classify and systematize — at best, they are arranged by eras and cultural-ethnic factors. In this regard, it seems fruitful and justified not to build various rationalistic constructions but to take an open look at the very existence of philosophizing. From such perspectives, philosophy appears...

... 1922—1923]. Moscow (in Russ.). Pound, E., 2000. Putevoditel' po kul'ture [Cultural Guide]. Moscow (in Russ.). Pozner, R., 2015. Ratsional'nyy diskurs i poeticheskaya kommunikatsiya: metody ling­vis­ticheskogo, literaturnogo i filosofskogo analiza [Rational discourse and poetic commu­ni­cation: methods of linguistic, literary and philosophical analysis]. Tomsk (in Russ.). Rossomakhin, A. A., ed., 2019. Prikaz Revvoensoveta № 279 "K pyatiletiyu Krasnoy Armii". 2019. Antologiya avangardistskikh ...

... State Linguistic University (in Russ.). Propp, V. Ya., 1986. Istoricheskie korni volshebnoj skazki [The historical roots of the fairy tale]. Leningrad (in Russ.). Sladkevich, Zh., 2018. I will not say anything, but again I will say something: the aber­ration content of public discourse from the perspective of meaning generation (ca­tegories of meaningfulness and meaninglessness). In: Zh. Sladkevich, A. Klim­ke­vich, eds. Perswazja językowa w różnych dyskursach. Vol. 3. Gdańsk (in print) (in ...

... Studies. Target, 13(2), pp. 203—239. Colina, S., 1997. Contrastive Rhetoric and Text-Typological Conventions in Trans­lation Teaching. Target, 9(2), pp. 335—353. Daghigh, A. J., Sanatifar, M. S. and Awang, R., 2018. A taxonomy of manipulative op­e­rations in political discourse translation. A CDA approach. Forum, 16(2), pp. 197—220. Fairclough, N., 1995. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. Lon­don: Longman. Fairclough, N., 2000. New Labour. New Language? London: Routledge....

... Methodology and ideology. Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers. Habermas, J., 2001. On the pragmatics of social interaction: Preliminary studies in the theory of communicative action. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Hempel, С.G., 2000. Science, Explanation, and Rationality. New York: Oxford University Press. McCloskey, D., 1998. The Rhetoric of Economics. University of Wisconsin Press. North, D., 2005. Understanding the Process of Economic Change. Princeton University Press. Taleb, N.N., 2007. The Black Swan....

Karsavin’s book Giordano Bruno is considered in the context of its author’s biography. The article explores the hypothesis about the deep ideational and spiritual connection between Karsavin and Giordano Bruno forged by undoing the fetters of rationality through a mystical epiphany. It is shown that, in the book, Karsavin foresaw his own academic fate. 1. Книжная полка // Воронежская коммуна. 1922. № 178 (830). 2. Карсавин Л. Noctes Petropolitanae....

... interpretation according to Fromm. The central element is understanding the image of a dream as a symbol common to both the realm of dreams and culture in general. The key mechanism of symbol formation is cultural- associative, which is a function of human rational thinking. It is suggested that images of dreams should be interpreted from this perspective. 1. Купер Дж. Энциклопедия символов. М., 1995. 2. Д. Тресиддер. Словарь символов. М., 1999. 3....

... spontaneity, integration into cultural contexts, elimination of functional borders between nominativity and predicativity, closeness to the object and cognitive metaphors. The author arrives at a conclusion that, in dreams, the metaphor brings together the rational and irrational spheres. 1. Арутюнова Н. Д. Языковая метафора // Лингвистика и поэтика. М., 1979. 2. Берестнев Г. И. Лингвистика сновидений // Логический ...

... Daniele Ficht… Henrico Ernesto Bertram… Joanne Christophoro Dmvschewski… subiiciet Johannes Chmelnitzki, Russus. Mathem. nec non Philosoph. Cvlt. Königsberg, 1762. 21. Chmelnitzki J. Dissertatio philosophica, de servitvte minvs toleranda ob rationes ex jvre natvre gentivm allatas quam consensv amplissime Facvltatis Philosophicae pro receptione in eandem Placido ervditorvm examini subicit Praeses Johannes Chmelnitzki, Respondente Theophilo Theodoro Weber… Opponentibvs Christophoro Schoenich… ...

... Kantian appeal to pure practical reason can remedy. I conclude that the objection fails: ordinary moral reasons do not stand in need of a grounding in Reason. There is no prospect of deriving them from a supreme principle of morality or other canons of rationality. Ordinary reasons are sufficient in themselves, though their significance can be elucidated and illuminated by various strategies — some broadly Aristotelian, some drawing inspiration from Kant’s formula of humanity — in ways that can ...

... crucial difference between human action and its (partial) AI-simulation. While Nida-Rümelin/Weidenfeld´s “digital humanism” is, on the one hand, inspired by Kant’s conception of human autonomous self-determination, the concept of “structural rationality” that they advocate is, on the other hand, quite problematic. “Digital humanism”, however, can be improved as I argue — with reference to Barbara Herman’s analysis of “moral judgment” and to Allen Wood’s reflections on “human ...

... B. Himmelmann, eds. 2021. The Court of Reason: Proceedings of the 13th International Kant Congress. Oslo, 6-9 August 2019. Berlin & Boston: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 1595-1604. Willaschek, M., 2021. The Structure of Normative Space: Kant’s System of Rational Principles. In: C. Serck-Hanssen and B. Himmelmann, eds. 2021. The Court of Reason: Proceedings of the 13th International Kant Congress. Oslo, 6-9 August 2019. Berlin & Boston: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 245-266.

... which was fundamentally made impossible by the Critique of Pure Reason: because the wise “intention of the creator”, which Lambert’s empirical-rationalistic cosmology could not and did not want to do without, could no longer be referred to in a rational context according to the Critique of Pure Reason. Even if Lambert certainly had moments of the Kantian theory of matter or — as Kant himself admitted — elements of the spatial theory of the first Critique, there is no way from his mathematisation ...

... Clarendon. Parfit, D., 2011. On What Matters, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Puls, H., 2016. Kant’s Justification of Parental Duties. Kantian Review, 21(1), pp. 53-75. Rumbaugh, D. and Washburn, D., 2003. Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings. New Haven: Yale University Press. Scheffler, S., 2011. Introduction. In: D. Parfit, 2011. On What Matters. Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. XIX-XXXII. Shiffrin, S., 1999. Wrongful Life, Procreative Responsibility, and the ...

... shares important logical features with the Tractatus. Then the question is addressed whether the middle Wittgenstein and the pre-critical Kant employed any thought experiments that could be equally characterised as “transcendental arguments”. A rational reconstruction of both thinkers’ arguments is carried out in the light of the contemporary literature on thought experimenting. The novelty and relevance of this approach is the emphasis laid upon a largely neglected affinity between Kant and ...

... Kalinnikov, L. A., 1994. Vl. Solovyov and I. Kant: Ethical Convergencies and Divergencies. II. Human-Godness or God-Humanity? Kantian Journal, 1(18), pp. 45-58. (In Rus.) Kalinnikov, L. A., 1995. Concept of “Sofia” and its Possible Correlates in a Rationally Constructed System of Philosophy (Vladimir Solovyev and Immanuel Kant). Kantian Journal, 1(19), pp. 40-60. (In Rus.) Kalinnikov, L. A., 2008. Immanuil Kant v russkoj pojezii (filosofsko-jesteticheskie jetjudy) [Immanuel Kant in Russian Poetry ...

... many of the ideas of Marburg Neo-Kantianism for the modern theory of cognition, the philosophy of culture, ethics and the philosophy of religion. The course of the discussion highlighted the relevance of Cohen’s theory of cognition based on logic and rationality. The main outcome of the discussion was the conviction that the potential of many of Cohen’s ideas has yet to be fully tapped and there are grounds for considering them to be heralds of a new philosophy which, in many of its features, is ...

... Programmes. In: I. Lakatos, 1978. The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Philosophical Papers. Volume 1. Edited by J. Warall and G. Currie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 8-101. Lakatos, I., 1978b. History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions. In: I. Lakatos, 1978. The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Philosophical Papers. Volume 1. Edited by J. Warall and G. Currie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 102-138. Lakatos, I., 1978c. Popper on Demarcation ...

The problem of rationality today means the problem of the inner unreasonableness of reasonableness in the sense of its inner limit. Even the humanistic revolution of the Renaissance gradually led to the replacement of the power of omnipotent faith by faith in the omnipotence ...

... Gregor. Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett. Kant, I., 1996a. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by W. Pluhar, Introduction by P. W. Kitcher. Indianapolis: Hackett. Kant, I. 1996b. Religion within the Bounds of Mere Reason. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Philosophy. Translated and edited by A. Wood, G. Di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 39-215. Kant, I., 1996c. On the Common Saying: That May Be Correct in Theory, but It is of No Use in Practice. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical ...

The positions of Christian Wolff and Im­manuel Kant on the possibility of proving the existence of God require some examination. Wolff’s critique of the physical-theological proof and his proposed ways of improving it are here analysed. God is central to Wolff’s philosophical system and the fundamental prerequisite of his theoretical and practical philosophy. Although Wolff insists that the natural law is inherent in human nature and can therefore be comprehended by human reason without turning to...

... imperative lies solely in this end in itself. Now Kant, in his remarks on the realm of ends, also operates with the notions of an end in itself and absolute value — seemingly in a different way, however. Thus, in the remarks on the realm of ends, the rational being becomes an end in itself through its real moral willing and acting, both of which presuppose the validity of the categorical imperative. Basically, the difference in the ways of using the concepts of absolute value and an end in itself ...

... judgement by making a detailed comparison of the texts of the two treatises. I demonstrate that Garve’s work is an eclectic attempt to combine in one concept the lessons of historical experience with the ideas drawn from British empiricism and German rationalism. These ideas were criticised by Kant in his “critical” period. There is a consensus among researchers that Garve condoned the expansionist policy of Frederick II of Prussia, totally denied that legality in international relations was possible ...