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... as metaphor, metonymy, symbolisation, paronymy, homonymy, language game, and associative networks for Freud’s theory. Moreover, polysemy, initial context conditions, and the transfer of content from one coding into another — from the iconic image system into the symbolic conceptual one — also play an important role in dream interpretation. It is concluded that Freud anticipated key theoretical principles of modern cognitive linguistics. 1. Аверинцев С. С. Вода // Мифы народов ...

The title and text of Lomonosov’s spiritual Meditation is considered within the system of an integrated context of meanings. The role of the title is identified through its connection with the structural and semantic framework of the poetic plot. 1. Даль В. И. Толковый словарь живого великорусского ...

This article considers the semantics of Russian and Lithuanian zoonym phraseological units and performs their semantic and structural systematisation. The author identifies the cultural linguistic features of fixed expressions containing a zoonym component in the worldview of native speakers. 1. Гак В. Г. Сравнительная типология французского и русского языков. М., 1976. 2. Гудавичюс А. Сопоставительная семасиология литовского и русского языков. Вильнюс, 1985. 3. Зайнуллина Л. М. Композиционная...

The most vivid characteristics of a person capable of having ‘prophetic’ dreams are identified on an analytical basis. The authors consider such aspects as the dreamer’s gender, age, ability of semantic development of dreams, and ability to understand their prophetic nature. The combination of these parameters comprises the portrait of a dreamer. 1. Берестнев Г. И. Слово, язык и за их пределами. Калининград, 2007. 2. Витгенштейн Л. Философские работы. М., 1994. Ч. 1. 3. Фрейд З. Введение в психоанализ...

This article examines the adaptation of historically developed East Prussian settlement system to the new objectives and functions during the formation of the Kaliningrad region. The author offers an overview of the basic urban development trends in the course of the region’s formation in the ages of Stalin (partial restoration and adaptation ...

... condition of modern society, its problems, and origins. The author stresses that the modern European civilisation is coming to a “dead end” and considers a human being as an object of manipulation. The subject of these manipulations is the bureaucratic system, whose interests lie in its own well-being. 1. Бобков В. Мнение эксперта // Аргументы и факты. 2014. № 2. 2. Гладилин А. Где у политиков ум? // Там же. 2013. № 51. 3. Губенко ...

... the role of the cathedral and the icon in the lives of V. Shukshin’s characters: the author shows the most important features of the Russian national character of the second half of the 20th century, as well as the peculiarities of the axiological system characteristic of a non-clerical, but religious consciousness. The author identifies typological features of the characters according to their attitude to the society and nature. The article shows how the tradition of Russian classical literature ...

This article examines the approaches of modern international scholars to the problem of anagrams in ancient texts. The author addresses the following “problem nodes”: the difficulty of proving the presence of an anagram in each individual case and the ambiguity of the question as to the arbitrary or systematic nature of anagrammatic structures and anagrams’ functions. Solving these problems will contribute to identifying the major avenues of further research on anagrams. 1. Гаты Заратустры. URL:...

... the theory of “hereditary sin” within modern Orthodoxy. The author examines the “threshold situations” faced by the novel’s characters and arrives at a conclusion about the role of the “hereditary sin” problem in Dostoevsky’s literary system. 1. Достоевский Ф. М. Братья Карамазовы : в 2 т. М., 1981. 2. Дунаев М. М. Вера в горниле сомнений // Православие и русская литература в XVIII—XX вв....

... multi-language anagrammatic code in Yu. Buida’s works. The authors identify the anagrammatic foundations of the “Venice text” in the shorty story “All the floating by” from the collection The Prussian Bride. It is shown that the core of the system is the anagrammatic variation of the words Венеция / невеста и море / amor / mors. The matrimonial and funeral semantics of the night boat rides of the female character along the Pregolya is emphasised. The authors consider the ...

This article focuses on the importance of developing speech and communicative skills in students of technical universities in view of the requirements of the Russian higher education system after the transition to the 3rd generation federal state education standards. A comparison of 2010—2013 survey of junior and senior students of Kaliningrad State Technical University helps come to a conclusion that the goal of teaching is to ...

... foreign language and analyses the means and methods of teaching aimed to develop the sociocultural competence in students. Special attention is paid to characterising the most informative — from the perspective of mental meaning explication — language system elements and the problems of presenting sociocultural information faced by the teacher of Russian in front of a foreign audience. 1. Бабушкин А. П. Концепты разных типов в лексике и фразеологии ...

... works. The author emphasises his original interpretation of theoretical problems of aesthetics characteristic of Romanticism. It is stressed that the category of harmony defined by Delving as a crucial principle of artistry is very productive in his system of views and underlies his own poetry. 1. Вацуро В. Э. Антон Дельвиг — литератор // Дельвиг А. А. Сочинения. Л., 1986. 2. Каменский З. А. Русская эстетика первой ...

The criminal song is considered as a phenomenon of urban folklore functionally linked to the criminal community as an archaic subculture. The author characterises the plot structure of the criminal song: the system-building characters, their plot function, and typical motives. The article poses the question as to the thematic typology of the criminal song. It is emphasised that the bearer of the criminal song characteristics, its “gene” is the main character (the crime lord), whereas the other characters...

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the question of whether humans should reproduce. Some say human life is too punishing and cruel to impose upon an innocent. Others hold that such harms do not undermine the great and possibly unique value of human life. Tracing these outlooks historically in the debate has barely begun. What might philosophers have said, or what did they say, about human life itself and its value to merit reproduction? Herein it is useful to look to Kant, who wrote much...

... Bakhurst, B. Hooker and M. Little, eds. 2013. Thinking about Reasons: Themes from the Philosophy of Jonathan Dancy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 192-217. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604678.003.0010 Foot, P., 1978. Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives. In: P. Foot, 1978. Virtues and Vice and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 157-173. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kant, I., 1998. Groundwork of the Metaphysics ...

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the need to rethink the status of space and time which Kant considered to be a priori forms of sensibility was prompted by the emergence of new approaches to the methodology of scientific cognition. In neo-Kantian interpretation these cognitive forms acquire a special epistemological status, manifesting themselves in theoretical research as “pre-given” foundations of knowledge. It seems necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of two interconnected...

... Rossii XIX veka [Reception of the Critical Philosophy of I. Kant in Russia of the XIX Century]. Dissertation. Saint Petersburg: s. n. (In Rus.) Romanko, Yu. I., 2012. Religiozno-filosofskaya sistema F. A. Golubinskogo [The Religious and Philosophical System of F. A. Golubinsky]. Dissertation. Blagoveshchensk: s. n. (In Rus.) Tsvyk, I. V., 2002. Duhovno-akademicheskaya filosofiya v Rossii XIX v.: Istoriko-filosofskij analiz [Spiritual and Academic Philosophy in Russia in the 19th Century: Historical ...

... In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Edited by M. Gregor and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 41-108. Klingel, A., Kraft, T. and Zweig, A., 2020. Potential Best Practice Approaches in the Use of an Algorithmic Decision-Making Systems with the Example of the AMS [Austrian Arbeitsmarktservice] Algorithm. In: M. Hengstschläger, ed. 2020. Digital Transformation and Ethics. Salzburg & Munich: Ecowin Verlag, pp. 178-196. Kurzweil, R., 2005. The Singularity is Near. London: Viking ...

The aim of this research is to explore what relations self-affection bears to the intuitions of inner sense. I propose that self-affection makes some contribution to formal intuitions and empirical consciousness by arguing that the functions of self-affection consist respectively in conceptualising and conscious-making. I begin by examining Kant’s concept of inner sense and point out that inner sense as a receptive faculty depends on self-affection. In so doing, I emphasise that self-affection includes...

... Serck-Hanssen and B. Himmelmann, eds. 2021. The Court of Reason: Proceedings of the 13th International Kant Congress. Oslo, 6-9 August 2019. Berlin & Boston: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 1595-1604. Willaschek, M., 2021. The Structure of Normative Space: Kant’s System of Rational Principles. In: C. Serck-Hanssen and B. Himmelmann, eds. 2021. The Court of Reason: Proceedings of the 13th International Kant Congress. Oslo, 6-9 August 2019. Berlin & Boston: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 245-266.

... S. R., 2012. Could Kant’s Jesus be God? International Philosophical Quarterly, 52(4), pp. 421-437. https://doi.org/10.5840/ipq201252443 Pasternack, L., 2015. Kant’s ‘Appraisal’ of Christianity: Biblical Interpretation and the Pure Rational System of Religion. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 53(3), pp. 485-506. https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.2015.0042 Rosenkranz, K., 1987. Geschichte der Kant’schen Philosophie. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. Sala, G., 2007. „Est Deus in nobis“. Überlegungen ...

It is necessary to reconsider P. M. S. Hacker’s assessment of Kant and Wittgenstein’s philosophical affinities and the question concerning Wittgenstein’s alleged use of “transcendental arguments”. First, Alfred Norman’s reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a thought experiment receives revision to develop a view of the Critique of Pure Reason as a large-scale thought experiment that shares important logical features with the Tractatus. Then the question is addressed whether the middle...

The international conference “Kantian Rationality in Philosophy of Science” was held on 9–11 October 2020 at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU) in Kaliningrad. Fifteen participants from different countries discussed aspects of the Kantian understanding of science and the roles of reason in it: the unity, difference, and systematicity of the functions of reason in science, as they are revealed in Kant’s discussions of criteria of scientificity, the classification of sciences, or methods...

... The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Scanlon, T. M., 2013. Contractualism and Utilitarianism. In: R. Shafer-Landau, ed. 2013. Ethical Theory: An Anthology. Second Edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 593-607. Schelling, F. W. J., 2001. System of Transcendental Idealism. Translated by P. Heath, Introduction by M. Vater. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. Singer, M. G., 1971. Generalization in Ethics. New York: Atheneum. Vinogradova, O. and Ugleva, A., 2019. The Birth of the ...

... Dialectical Manerialism]. Minsk: Bel. dzyarzh. vydav. (In Belar.) Bykhovsky, B. E., 1933. Vragi i fal’sifikatory marksizma [Enemies and Falsifiers of Marxism]. Moscow: Sotsekgiz. (In Rus.) Bykhovsky, B. E., 1941. Metod i sistema Gegelya [Method and System of Hegel]. Moscow: OGIZ. (In Rus.) Bykhovsky, B. E., 1947. Marazm sovremennoj bur­zhu­az­noj filosofii (ob anglo-amerikanskom semanticheskom idealizme) [Marazm of Modern Bourgeois Philosophy (On British-American Semantic Idealism]. Moscow: Pravda....

An unrecognised copy (1665) in Kant’s private library of Michael Piccart’s Isagoge (1605), an introduction to the system of Aristotelian philosophy together with Kant’s own remarks on this author (Refl 4160, AA 17, p. 439) can be established as an original source for the Kantian ‘ideosphere’. First, I point out contexts and consequences of Piccart’s Altdorfian ...

... T., 1991. Erlösungsglaube und Freiheitsgeschichte. Eine Skizze zur Soteriologie. Third Edition. München: Kösel. Pröpper, T., 2011. Theologische Anthropologie. Volume 2. Freiburg: Herder. Ricoeur, P., 1995. Hope and the Structure of Philosophical Systems (1970). In: P. Ricoeur, 1995. Figuring the Sacred, Religion, Narrative and Imagination. Translated by D. Pellauer, edited by M. Walker. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, pp. 203-216. Schleiermacher, F. D. E., 1986. The Christian Faith (1830/31)....

... and Im­manuel Kant on the possibility of proving the existence of God require some examination. Wolff’s critique of the physical-theological proof and his proposed ways of improving it are here analysed. God is central to Wolff’s philosophical system and the fundamental prerequisite of his theoretical and practical philosophy. Although Wolff insists that the natural law is inherent in human nature and can therefore be comprehended by human reason without turning to divine revelation, in reality ...

... Affairs, 1(3), pp. 229-243. Stark, C., 1997. The Rationality of Valuing Oneself: A Critique of Kant on Self-Respect. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 35(1), pp. 65-82. Sticker, M., van Ackeren, M., 2018. The Demandingness of Beneficence and Kant’s System of Duties. Social Theory and Practice, 44(3), pp. 405-436. Sticker, M., 2015a. Educating the Common Agent. Kant on the Varieties of Moral Education. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 97(3), pp. 358-387. Sticker, M., 2015b. The Moral-Psychology ...

... Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company Inc. Kant, I., 2009. Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Translated by W. S. Pluhar, Introduction by S. R. Palmquist. Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company Inc. Lewin, M., 2021. Das System der Ideen. Zur perspektivistisch-metaphilosophischen Begründung der Vernunft im Anschluss an Kant und Fichte. Freiburg & München: Alber. Lossky, N. O., 1932. Freedom of Will. Translated by N. A. Duddington. London: Williams & Norgate. Lossky,...

n this article, which completes a two-part series on the problem of optimism in Kant’s works, I explore in detail the arguments advanced by the Crusians A. F. Reinhard and D. Weymann against the actual world as the best of all possible worlds and in favour of the actual world as one of the good worlds, Kant’s counterarguments put forward in the mid-1750s drafts and in An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism (1759), and further polemical attacks on this topic against Kant by D. Weymann in his works...

... has repeatedly come under close scrutiny. The first works devoted to this problem date to the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Pointers to the possibility of such influence are semantic and structural similarities of the two thinkers’ systems. Besides, it is an unchallengeable fact that Kant was fairly familiar with the main theses of Crusian philosophy. Some scholars proceed from the study of Kantian vocabulary. Some of the terms Kant uses, especially in his early works which later ...

1. Belov, V. N., 2013. A. I. Vvedneksy, the Forefather of Russian Neo-Kantianism. In: V. N. Bryushinkin, V. S. Popova, eds. 2013. Neo-Kantianstvo v Rossii: Aleksandr Ivanovich Vvedensky, Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin [Neo-Kantianism in Russia: Aleksandr I. Vvedensky, Ivan I. Lapshin]. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 74-93. (In Russ.) 2. Belov, V. N., Czardybon, B., 2016. Studies into the History of Russian Neo-Kantianism in Poland. Kantovsky sbornik [Kant­ian Journal], 1, pp. 66-86. (In Russ.) 3. Czardybon, B., 2015...

... Bibelgesellschaft. Feder, J. G. H., 1790. Emil oder von der Erziehung nach bewährten Grundsätzen. Frankfurt & Leipzig: s. n. Feder, J. G. H., 1792. Untersuchungen über den menschlichen Willen, Part 3. Lemgo: Meyersche Buchhandlung. Fichte, J. G., 1977. Das System der Sittenlehre nach den Principien der Wissenschaftslehre. In: J. G. Fichte, 1977. Gesamtausgabe der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Volume 5. Edited by R. Lauth, H. Gliwitzky. Stuttgart & Bad Cannstatt: frommann-holzboog, pp. 1-317. ...

... Faktum? Berlin, München und Boston: De Gruyter, S. 227-268. Ludwig, B., 2017. Kants Fortschritte auf dem langen Weg zur konsequent-kritischen Metaphysik. In: A. Hahmann, B. Ludwig, hg. 2017. Über die Fortschritte der kritischen Metaphysik. Beiträge zu System und Architektonik der kantischen Philosophie. Hamburg: F. Meiner, S. 79-118. Mahnke, D., 1939. Die Rationalisierung der Mystik bei Leibniz und Kant. Blätter für Deutsche Philosophie, 13, S. 1-73. Manstetten, R., 1995. Kant und das Problem der ...

... accordingly, the implicit reason for the critical attitude to this plan on the part of many contemporary philosophers stem from the fact that he had no theoretical link at his disposal which would offer a more solid scientific grounding for his entire system. I believe that Darwinism is such a link which bolsters the central but ungrounded thesis of the Critique of Pure Reason on the existence of a priori synthetic judgments. The synthesis of Darwinism and critical philosophy dictates, however, a substantial ...

... Zu den Grundlagen von Kants und Fichtes Theorien des sittlichen Bewußtseins, in: D. Henrich und R.-P. Horstmann, hg. 1988. Metaphysik nach Kant? Stuttgarter Hegelkongreß 1987. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, S. 181-208. Stolzenberg, J., 1995. Ursprung und System. Formen der Begründung systematischer Philosophie im Werk Hermann Cohens, Paul Natorps und beim frühen Martin Heidegger. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Stolzenberg, J., 2001. Personalitas moralis. Zu Martin Heideggers Kritik von Kants Theorie ...

In the second section of the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant introduces the concept of an end in itself and defines it as something whose existence has an absolute value. He continues with the assertion that the ground of a possible categorical imperative lies solely in this end in itself. Now Kant, in his remarks on the realm of ends, also operates with the notions of an end in itself and absolute value — seemingly in a different way, however. Thus, in the remarks on the realm of...

... Иммануила Канта и ее актуальность. (Обзор международной летней школы) // Вопросы философии. 2018. № 6. С. 212—215. Gardner S. Kant’s Practical Postulates and the Limit of his Critical System // Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain. 2011. Vol. 63, no. 4. P. 187—215.

The starting point of my study is Kant’s remark to the effect that Garve in his treatise on the connection between morality and politics presents arguments in defence of unjust principles. Recognition of these principles is, according to Kant, an inadvisable concession to those who are inclined to abuse it. I interpret this judgement by making a detailed comparison of the texts of the two treatises. I demonstrate that Garve’s work is an eclectic attempt to combine in one concept the lessons of historical...

.... Eine Studie zur systematischen Bedeutung des Rechtfertigungsgedankens für Kants Religionsphilosophie. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Kopper, J., 1955/56. Kants Gotteslehre. Kant-Studien, 47, S. 31-61. Langthaler, R., 1991. Kants Ethik als “System der Zwecke”. Perspektiven einer modifizierten Idee der “moralischen Teleologie” und Ethikotheologie. Berlin und New York: de Gruyter. Palmquist, S. R., 2016. Comprehensive Commentary on Kant’s Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. ...

In the Cartesian tradition of discussing the structure of the micro-judgement “I think” Kant‘s treatment deserves extraordinary attention. Under the idiomatic heading of self-affection he delivers a micro-analysis of this judgment, contributing in a unique way to the clarification of a singular case of self-knowledge: In this case the thinking subject 1. thematises the act of judging “I think” by conferring on this act the specific logical, categorical form, 2. intuits this act under the temporal...