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... Translated by T. Mehigan and B. Empson. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. Rouba, M. V., 2019. The Problem of the Transcendental Subject and Its Justification in Kant’s Critical Philosophy. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Philosophy and Psychology,... ... Pretensions of the Critique of Reason. In: G. E. Schulze, 2000. Between Kant and Hegel: Texts in the Development of Post-Kantian Idealism. Translated by G. di Giovanni, H. S. Harris. Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, pp. 104-135. Soboleva,...

... answer the question as to why one should study Cohen. The author’s first and preliminary answer is that the study of Hermann Cohen’s thought is relevant to contemporary philosophy due to at least five reasons: (1) Cohen’s improvement of critical idealism of subject through replacing it with the idealism of ideas; (2) the exposition of thought as the ethics of law; (3) the development of the notion of anticipation as the principle of time, history, and interpretation; (4) the exposition of critical idealism ...

..., W., 1968. Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd & The Humanities Press. Schulting, D., 2011. Kant’s Idealism: The Current Debate. In: D. Schulting, J. Verburgt, eds. 2011. Kant’s Idealism: New Interpretations of a Controversial Doctrine. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 1-25. Sosa, E., 1987. Subjects among Other Things. Philosophical Perspectives, l, pp. 155-87. Stang, N., 2017. An Ecumenal Approach to Kant’s Idealism. In: S. L. Katrechko, ed. 2017. Proceedings of the International Workshop “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy ...

... a/M, 1999. 17. Turbayne C. M. Kant´s refutation of dogmatic Idealism // Philosophical Quarterly. 1955. Vol. 5 (20). P. 225—244. 18. Zeltner H. Idealismus // Historische Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Basel ; Stuttgart,1976. Bd. 4. Trotsak A. idealism, subjective idealism, transcendental idealism, external world 14-22

This article analyses the features of Kant’s [transcendental] philosophy, which Kant himself described as transcendental idealism. On the one hand, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the distinction between things-in-themselves and appearances. On the other hand, our method of cognition is representative in that is based on representations — subjective and objective (objectual) ones. A synthesis of the above considerations suggests that Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the [conceptual] triad — ‘[objective] object (thing-in-itself; Ding an sich) —appearance (Erscheinung) — and [mental] ...

... form of sensory perception of phenomena. At the same time, Trubetskoy argued that, due to the sobornost of consciousness, the subject is not an individual person but the humanity as a community of sentient and intelligent beings. In addressing Platonism,... ... the Confessor], ΣΧΟΛΗ Vol. 9. 1. 2015. p. 119—136. 5. Trubetskoy S. N. 1908а. Osnovanija idealizma [The Foundation of idealism] in: Trubetskoy S. N. Sobranie sochineniy kn. S. N. Trubetskogo v 5 t. [Works in 5 volumes], Moskow, 1908a, vol. 2. 6....

... Kant shows that the eminent micro-judgement-act “I think” has the complex, though paradigmatic substructure of each human subject recog­nising his/her identity as thinking / judging and temporally existing while thinking / judging. Caimi, M.... ... Philosophy. In: J. Stolzenberg und K. Ameriks, Hg. 2008. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Idealismus / International Yearbook of German Idealism 2007. Band 5: Me­taphysik / Metaphysics. Berin und Boston: De Gruyter, S. 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110192438....

... Kant-Gesellschaft and co-editor of the Kant-Lexikon (2015), explores a wide range of topics — from Leibniz and Wolff to Heidegger and Husserl. The leading idea of Stolzenberg’s philosophical research is the justification of the principle of modern subjectivity in Kant’s philosophy and its transformations until our days. He discusses the meaning and development of the concept of self-consciousness and the understanding of subjectivity in Kant’s ethics as well as in Fichte’s philosophy. Stolzenberg ...

... интуитивизма // Лосский Н. О. Избранное. М.,1991. Popova V. S. logic, rationality, N. O. Lossky, intuitionism, ideal-realism, laws of logic, analytic and synthetic statements propositions, singular and general propositions,subject and predicate, hypothesis and conclusion, logical connection. 116-123

... first and thought is only second. Against this background I analyse Schelling’s interpretation of the Kantian account of the ideal of reason. Schelling, on the one hand, agrees with Kant that being is not a real predicate, hence real existence cannot ... ... other hand, in contrast to Kant, he believes that real existence of the individual absolute must be assumed, which would be the subject for all possible predicates and whose being is ecstatically posited by reason as being external to itself. I raise the ...

... collection]. № 1, p. 88—97. 14. Sezeman V. E. 2012, Problema idealizma v filosofii. Pier. V. N. Belova [The prob¬lem of idealism in philosophy. Trans. V. N. Belov] // Voprosy filosofii [Problems of philoso¬phy]. № 4, p. 127—134. 15. Sezeman-Kovno ... ... Logos [Logos]. № 6, p. 119—162. 16. Frank S. L. 1995, Predmiet znanija. Ob osnovah i predelah otvlechennogo znanija [The subject knowledge. On the principles and the limits of abstract knowledge] // Frank S. L. Predmiet znanija. Dusha cheloveka [Frank ...

... Maimon’s critical reinterpretation of Kant’s theory of analytic judgments. Maimon contributed to the history of the German Idealism primarily through his criticism of Kant’s theoretical philosophy, which largely predetermined some ideas of Fichte ... ... difference between analytic and synthetic judgments, based on his theory of a real cognition as of a connection of a definable (subject) and a definition (predicate). According to this formulation, he defined analytic judgments as the ones in which thinking ...

... filosofii (ob anglo-amerikanskom semanticheskom idealizme) [Marazm of Modern Bourgeois Philosophy (On British-American Semantic Idealism]. Moscow: Pravda. (In Rus.) Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, 1944. On the Shortcomings ... ... 1986. Problema aktivnosti sub”ekta poznaniya v nemeckoj filosofii vtoroj poloviny 18 veka [The Problem of the Activity of the Subject of Knowledge in German Philosophy of the Second Half of the 18th Century]. Abstract of the Dissertation for the PhD Degree....

... the transcendental metaphysics understands "possible experience”(Erfahrung) as a relation between the transcendental subject (transcendental unity of apperception) and the transcendental object. At the same time, unlike contemplative classical ... ... Платон Парменид // Собр. соч. : в 4 т. М., 1993. Т. 2. С. 346—413. 10. Allison H. Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. New Hawen ; L., 2004. 11. Bird G. The Revolutionary Kant: A Commentary on the Critique ...

It was not until German Idealism that philosophy briefly regained the importance it had in antiquity. This is indicated precisely by the “peripeteia” ... ... ultimately become the “play of forces” via the life of things. Secondly, Hegel works out the self-referentiality of the subject in this process of experience. Finally, Hegel shows how the experience of objects refers beyond itself to more complex ...

... circle”, who, due to their limited intellectual resources, are sometimes con­tent with not the best results in reasoning and who turn out to be the only candidates to par­ticipate in a dispute about truth, as such disputes are possible with neither ideal thinkers nor logical aliens. The concept of logical penalists allows us to illustrate the idea that disputes are possible due not to the differences in opinions among humans, but to the variety of ways to justify them. Bentem, J. van., 2011....

... 2013. The Ideality of Space and Time: Trendelenburg versus Kant, Fischer and Bird. Kant­ian Review, 18(2), pp. 263-288. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1369415413000022 . Köhnke, K. C., 1991. The Rise of Neo-Kantianism: German Academic Philosophy between Idealism and Positivism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Konovalova, E. N., 2010. Immanuel Kant and the Development of the Idea of Subjectivity in Russian Ecclesiastical-Academic Philosophy. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. 2(50), pp. 58-64. (In Rus.) Kudryavtsev-Platonov, V. D., 1854—1874. Analitika chuvstvennogo poznaniya. Analitika rassudochnogo poznaniya. Analitika ...

... [Kantovskiy sbornik], no. 2 (52). p. 62—75. 26. Prasolov M. A. 2007. Subjekt i sushchee v russkom metafizicheskom personalizme [Subject and existence in Russian metaphysical personalism]. St. Petersburg, 354 p. 27. Salagova V. 1916. Transtsendentalnyy kharakter ... ... tomakh [Full collected works in eight volumes]. Moscow, 1900—1904. Vol. I, p. 287—320. 33. Beiser F. C. 2013. Late German Idealism: Trendelenburg and Lotze. New York: Oxford University Press. 34. Schwenke H. 2006. Zuruück zur Wirklichkeit: Bewusstsein ...

..., which necessitates a precise definition of each subject. However, the approach taken by Anton Zimmerling in this regard is subject to de­bate. In the discussion of semiotics, the focus tends to lean towards interpretations that recog­nize the dual ... ... sochinenii [Chebanov S. V. Collected works]. Vol. 1. Vilnius, p. 80 (in Russ.). Kordonsky, S. G., 2001. Tsikly deyatel'nosti i ideal'nye ob"ekty [Cycles of activity and ideal objects]. Moscow (in Russ.). Kordonsky, S. G., 2011. Veernye matritsy kak ...

... From Empire to Soviet Union. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press. Lohr, E., 2013. Russian Citizenship Modernization and Population Policy in His­torical Perspective. Problems of Post-Communism, 60 (6), pp. 3—15. Lohr, E., 2006. The Ideal Citizen and Real Subject in Late Imperial Russia. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 7 (2), pp. 173—194. Mann, M., 1987. Ruling Class Strategies and Citizenship. Sociology, 21 (3), pp. 339—354. Pocock, J. G., 1998. A. The ideal of citizenship since ...

... ground rests the relation of what we call representation in us to the object?’, as Kant put it in his letter to Herz. The subjective thing in itself is defined as a transcendental object and/or phenomenon. It is emphasised that, in a certain sense,... ... teorija opyta/poznanija (analiz struktury kantovskogo kopernikanskogo perevorota) [Does the Kant’s Copernican Revolution Lead to Idealism? (Structure and Dialectic of Kant’s Copernican Revolution] In: Filosofija i nauka: problemy sootnesenija, Kn.1, Moscow,...

... subjectivity. The negative effect of sensibility of human behaviour emphasised by Kant is critically analysed. When choosing between subjective and material sensibility and objective and formal reason, Kant gives preference to reason as the ground for morals.... ... notion of freedom as relating to practical reason is necessarily understood as freedom aimed at the good. In the sphere of the ideal, i. e. the sphere of logical bases of ethics, there should be no freedom aimed at evil; such freedom exists only in the ...

... systematically present sense formation through the lens of the pragmasemantic approach. It enables the demonstration of how the primary factors of sense formation, socio-cultural practices and personal agency interact. Their relationship is non-linear: subjectivity results from the assimilation of socio-cultural experiences and the accom­panying narrative communication. Self-consciousness of the Self arises from the socialization of the individual through reflexive self-description. Thus, it engenders ...

The article broaches the issue of Kant’s claim of the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject by tracing his criticism of philosophical enthusiasm (“Schwärmerei”). For Kant intellectual intuition (“intellektuelle Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical knowledge....

... Culture]. Translated by S. Gessen. Saint-Petersburg: Obrazovanie. (In Rus.) Rumyantseva, T. G., 2023. I. Kant’s Philosophy as a Subject of Plekhanov’s Polemics with the Leaders of the Second International. In: G. Ch. Lyankevich and A. Ju. Dudchik, 2023.... ... Century]. Translated by M. M. Rubinstein. Moscow: Zveno. (In Rus.) Plekhanov, Neo-Kantianism, Kant, Marxism, materialism, idealism, Windelband, Rickert Rumyantseva T.G. 89-106 10.5922/0207-6918-2025-1-4

... as an instrument of conveying mental content. I have selected Immanuel Kant and Edmund Husserl from amongst its numerous representatives. In this tradition, a language expression, i.e. an expression that has meaning, is determined by the objectively ideal character of the meanings (“rules”) given through the subject’s intellectual acts. The main task is to fix with a maximum degree of accuracy what is “seen” in consciousness. This model inevitably considers words to be “markers” or “labels” which have no intrinsic power. The problem with this ...

... Context and Reflection: Philosophy of the World and Human Being, 7(5A), pp. 52-57. (In Rus.) Munk, R., 2015. Another Critical Idealism of Hermann Cohen. Translated by V. N. Belov. Kantian Journal, 4(54), pp. 67-81. (In Rus.) Pertsev, A. S., 2023. Hermann ... ... Cohen and the Philosophy of Dialog. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya. (In Rus.) Sokuler, Z. A., 2010. Ideas for a new Concept of the Subject in Hermann Cohen’s “Religion of Reason from the Sources of Judaism”. In: I. N. Griftsova and N. A. Dmitrieva, eds....

... the instrumental function, that is, one’s own practice in the framework of the real world, implied a mystical desire for an ideal, that is, the Word of God, and rational and mystical know­led­ge of an object, that is, the Lost Word. 1. Мельгунов ... ....com/bsb/genesis/1.htm (Accessed 5 February 2019). 7. Bernard D. Light on Masonry: a collection of all the most important documents on the subject of speculative free masonry; embracing the reports of the Western Committees in relation to the abduction of William Morgan....

... of Hermann Cohen. Ethical Thought, 14, pp. 174-199. (In Rus.) Belov, V. N., 2016. Our Disagreements: On the Anniversary of the Leading Kant Scholar of Modern Russia. Kantian Journal, 2(56), pp. 10-15. (In Rus.) Bykova, M. F., 2006. The Concept of the Subject in Fichte’s Philosophy, Istoriko-filosofskii ezhegodnik 2006, pp. 151-179. (In Rus.) Cohen, H., 1877. Kants Begründung der Ethik. Berlin: Harwitz und Gossman. Cohen, H., 1904. System der Philosophie. Teil 2: Ethik des reinen Willens. Berlin: ...

... Revive the Language Sciences. Constructivist Foundations , 6 (3), pp. 352—362. Kravchenko, A. V., 2013a. On grounding the ideal project of linguistics: integ­ra­ting language, semiotics, and biology. In: E. I. Pivovar, ed. Gumanitarnye chteniya ... ... — 2014 [The RGGU readings in the humanities — 2014]. Moscow, pp. 697—709 (in Russ.). Kravchenko, A. V., 2015b. On the subject matter of linguistics. In: Language and thought: Contemporary cognitive linguistics. Moscow, pp. 155—172 (in Russ....

... philosophy, e. g. the question: What is intuition and singular term? Then I look at more specific questions, e. g.: What is the subject of arithmetic and what is the significance of diagrams in mathematical reasoning? As a result, the reader is presented ... ... an Earlier. Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1-104. Allison, H. E., 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. 2nd ed. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. Baumgarten, A., 1773. Acroasis logica....

... clarification of the status of the principles and their justification in relation to a subjective deduction. Kant offers with the subjective deduction, as introduced in the “Preface” (of the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason) and again in the ... ... specification, and continuity in the framework of the Critique of Pure Reason. Allison, H.E., 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. An Interpretation and Defense. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. Bartuschat, W., 1972. Zum systematischen Ort ...

... Petrograd, p. 102—127. 5. Volzhanin, Vl. [Dinze, V. F.], 1916b, Istorija kak predmet nachal’nogo obuchenija [History as a subject of national education], Petrograd. 6. Gessen, S. I. 1998, Ideja nacii [Idea of nation], in: Gessen, S. I., Izbrannye sochinenija ... ... Dinze. Na nem. yaz. [Letter of P. Natorp to V. Dinze, in German]. Marburg, 20.12.1909. 23. Rubinshtein, M. M. 1916a, Vojna i ideal vospitanija (K voprosu o nacionalizme v pedagogike) [War and the ideal of upbringing (To the problem of nationalism in pedagogy)],...

Kant’s turn to the subject has changed the epistemological conditions for theology. Four intellectual backgrounds of objections are examined: an Aristotelian and Thomistic teleological order of nature (1); Augustinianism based on original sin in which human agency is completely ...

... consciousness which makes it possible to study three objects of consciousness: internal and external representations of the subject, the synthetic activity of understanding and our soul. Apperception is the Latin synonym of the concept of Selbstbewußtsein ... ... because his concept of consciousness follows the Leibniz-Wolffian tradition. Allison, H., 1983. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. New Haven: Yale University Press. Ameriks, K., 2000a. Kant and the Fate of Autonomy: Problems in the Appropriation of ...

... highest act of freedom”, which is inaccessible to him and beyond which the perspective of the world as law is replaced for the subject by the perspective of the Kingdom of the Spirit in which the “selfhood” of each moral agent is practically overcome.... ... In: J. Stolzenberg, F. Rush, eds. 2013. Internationales Jahrbuch des Deutschen Idealismus / International Yearbook of German Idealism 2011. Volume 9: Freiheit / Freedom. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 150-168. Metzger, W., 1912. Untersuchungen zur Sitten- ...

... Skepsis im Denken E. Husserls. Phaenomenologica 38, Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 197 s. 2. Allison, H. 1983, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 537 p. 3. Carr, D. 1997, „Krisis“ Husserla i Problema Istorii. [Husserl’s ... ... History. In: A Study of Husserl’s Transcendental Philosophy, Northwestern, 283 p. 6. Carr, D. 2003, Transcendental and Empirical Subjectivity. The Self in the Transcendental Tradition. In: The New Husserl. A Critical Reader, Ed. by D. Welton, Bloomington,...

... References to the ethical idea of the absolute unity of personality, as well as the accent on “pleasure” as the necessary subjective goal of marital union, which leads the moralist an the philosopher of law upon a false trail, cannot provide a real ... ... Kant’s later years there is no ethical notion of family as a personality. Its elaboration became a task for German classical idealism. 1. Кант И. Основоположение к метафизике нравов // Кант И. Сочинения ...

... formulated by academician Stepanov. The paradigm forms a deep methodological framework that has a direct impact on the goals, subject and methods of research. At the same time, the paradigm shift reflects the development and continuity of linguistic knowledge.... ... yazyke v svete ideala tsel'nogo znaniya: v poiskakh in ­ tegral'nykh paradigm [The science of language in the light of the ideal of integral knowledge: in search of integral paradigms]. Moscow (in Russ.). Rudenko, D. I., 1993. Linguophilosophical paradigms: ...

... notions of what exactly purposiveness is, as well as by calls for practical activity in the course of which nature should be the subject of some tweaking. To bolster this hypothesis I turn to the teaching of Nikolay Fyodorov, the father of Russian cosmism,... ... Sciences, 37(4), pp. 735-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2006.09.007 . Schelling, F. W. J., 1997. System of Transcendental Idealism. Translated by P. Heath with an Introduction by M. Vater. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. Sechenov, I....

... self-image in virtual spaces, they form a positive value of the Self, but the self-image is childish. If teenagers advocate a modern self-image, then there is a “split” in the assessment of the self-image: the real Self is radically different from the ideal Self. Escapism can be dangerous for teen­agers if the searching for the value of the Self in virtual spaces is not support­ed by subjective resources. 1. Балыков Д. В. Эскапизм как психологический феномен // Вестник Улья­новского государственного технического университета. 2019....

The article presents the results of a theoretical study on the substantiation of the levels of value conditionality of political participation. On the basis of the subjective and objective nature of values, the level of normative ideals and that of individual priorities in the conditionality of civic activity and the political participation of young people have been singled out. 1. Баталов Э. Я. Политическая культура России сквозь призму ...