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The cultural movement known as “humanism” has unfortunately not received a clear and careful definition. Historians and philosophers have lumped together their various understandings of outlooks that stress the value and importance of human life under the collective term “humanism.” This essay sets out to contrast, in particular, three types of humanism, all of which attracted attention at overlapping times in Imperial Russia and then the Soviet Union. The youngest of the three, Marxist humanism...

Review: Valentin A. Bazhanov, Brain — Culture — Society: Kantian Programme in Cognitive Science. Moscow: Kanon+ ROOI “Reabilitatsiya”, 2019, 288 pp. Bazhanov, V. A., 2019. Brain — Culture — Society: Kantian Programme in Cognitive Science. Moscow: Kanon+ ROOI “Reabilitatsiya”. (In Rus.) Lorenz, K., 1982. Kant’s Doctrine of the a priori in the Light of Contemporary Biology. In: H. C. Plotkin, ed. 1982. Learning, Development, and Culture. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 121-143.

The period between the late 1910s and early 1920s saw the emergence of onto-epistemological philosophical projects in Russia that was determined by criticism and attempts to overcome the domination of epistemology in philosophy which was the result of the intensive development of Neo-Kantianism and the influence of Husserl’s phenomenology. Attempts to turn towards ontology were made both by Russian religious philosophers and by Russian Neo-Kantians. I look at the little-studied philosophical projects...

This article analyses the features of Kant’s [transcendental] philosophy, which Kant himself described as transcendental idealism. On the one hand, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the distinction between things-in-themselves and appearances. On the other hand, our method of cognition is representative in that is based on representations — subjective and objective (objectual) ones. A synthesis of the above considerations suggests that Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the [conceptual] triad — ‘[objective]...

This paper deals with the forms of satisfaction in the Critique of Judgement — disinterested affection for a beautiful form in a pure feeling, vital love for something sensorily pleasant, rational respect for unconditioned good, and non-self-regarding love for humanity. A synthetic union of the above gives the conceptual key to the critical philosophy of love, which was never fully articulated in Kant’s lectures or published works. Moral love and legal awareness prevent the encroachment of vital...

Debates over Kant’s famous postulate about the existence of synthetic a priori judgements in mathematics, formulated in the Critique of Pure Reason, have been raging for over two centuries. On the one hand, it was fiercely criticised by neo-positivists in the early 20th century. On the other hand, Kant’s ideas on constructive nature of mathematics served as a philosophical framework for LEJ Brouwer’s programme of intuitionism in the foundations of mathematics. Of interest are the ideas of the great...

In modern theoretical analytical philosophy, the interest in Kant is primarily due to discussions on the nature of sensory perceptions, on the epistemological status of experience, and on the so-called ‘constructivism’. The conflict of interpretations goes so far that some consider Kant to be a conceptualist, while others consider him an anti-conceptualist. For some, he is an internalist and, for others, an externalist. For some, he is a constructivist and, for others is a realist. This paper develops...

This paper argues whether Kant’s cosmopolitanism entails a specific theory of coercion. I will especially tackle Kant’s account of international political order. First, I claim that Kant attributes a systematic role to the cosmopolitan right, what justifies considering this part of the doctrine of law as a necessary rational conclusion of the legal system, although its institutional embodiment differs from that required by the rights of states. I highlight that according to Kant states may not behave...

Against the background of a dispute with K. Jaspers, this article considers the Critique of Pure Reason as a system of epistemology and an overview of Kant’s philosophical system. The cen-tral thesis is the statement that Kant’s epistemology is based on transcendental anthropology con-nected with the history of philosophy. It is proven that, in terms of its content, the formal dual divi-sion of the Critique is a triad system comprising a number of similar subsystems. 1. Abramjan, L. A. 1981,...

This article presents an overview of Russian philosophers’ publications in German periodicals of the late 19th/early 20th centuries. At the time, Germany boasted a significant number of journals dedicated to philosophy or addressing philosophical problems. Even in the first approximation, there are several dozen journals featuring either texts by Russian scientists or works dedicated to Russian philosophy. Of special importance are two journals with the most pronounced presence of Russian authors...

This article continues to analyse the systemacity of the CPR as a text ensuring the integrity of Kant’s philosophical system. Following the ideas presented in the first two parts of this work, part three considers the correlation between the spheres of concepts and reality. Kant divides concepts into phaenomena and noumena. The former are apprehended by the senses and the latter express the things-in-themselves. It is shown that, as concepts of things, noumena are divided into substan tial and empty...

This article analyses the science of spectres addressed in J. Derrida’s book Spectres of Marx. The methodological approach employed is Julia Kristeva’s ‘semiological adventure’, which is based on considering language as a heterogeneous structure in the realm of interactions between the ‘semiotic’ understood as a pre-linguistic condition of instinctive drives and the ‘symbolic’ manifested in socially oriented identification and discursive practices. The problem of play at the interface of its interactions...

C. S. Peirce is a prominent figure in the nineteenth-century American philosophy. His contribution to philosophy and logic is enormous. The significance of some of his ideas was not realized until today. As a philosopher, Peirce was shaped by Kant, whose Critique of Pure Reason he knew almost by heart. Peirce was fascinated by the German thinker, who literally opened for him the philosophy of modern era and introduced him to the problem of cognition and increment of knowledge. Peirce was never a...

This article examines the category of modality through the postulate of empirical thinking in general and in constructing a philosophical system where functions of consciousness are substantial elements. The system comprises ‘faculties of the mind’, as Kant calls them, namely, evaluation, cognition, and practical activity and norms. These forms of activity correlate with the world of possibilities, the actual world, and the world of necessity. Grammatical moods correspond to the modal worlds and...

This article analyses Kant’s work “Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?” It is shown that Kant’s enlightenment is a political project. The author focuses on the philosophical prerequisites and the essence of this project and analyses the difference between the “public” and “private” use of reason. The article emphasises the major significance of this difference for developing the ideal of enlightenment in the field of politics. It is suggested that this ideal be seen in the evolutionarydevelopment...

The article provides, for the first time in the philosophical literature, a general description of the Konigsberg Kant studies as a special local direction in the history of philosophy. Core activities in this direction formed the Society of Kant’s Friends, as well as "archival Kant studies" — the work of collecting, annotating and publishing the manuscript heritage, correspondence and lecture notes Kant. Given the large volume of primary and secondary sources, we propose a variant ofspecification...

Kant insisted on the inherent unity of a priori and empirical elements of cognition. To what extent further progress of philosophy and exact sciences confirmed (or modified) original Kant ideas? I'm inclined to judge that apriorism in its modest version does not contradict a modest type of empiricism. Real practice of logical and mathematical reasoning provides pry conjunctions of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive processes. We can find the harmonic combinations of mentioned standpoints...

This article offers an aanalysis of the concept of mystical experience and its relation to science and philosophy in connection with E. A. Torchinov's research and in the context of Kant's doctrine of human "metaphysical disposition", the nature and purpose of philosophy. 1. Gegel' G. V. F. Jenciklopedija filosofskih nauk. T. 1 : Nauka logiki. M., 1974. 2. Dzhems V. Mnogoobrazie religioznogo opyta. SPb., 1992. 3. Kant I. Grezy duhovidca, pojasnennye grezami metafiziki // Kant I. Soch...

The article considers the issue of audience absorption by traditional media and by social networks. The main characteristics of this new integrated mass audience are identified. The authors describe the correlation between the mentioned absorption processes and the quality of traditional media content. In general, there are trends in the integration of traditional media into new digital communication spaces, and the authors question the prospects for such integration. The conclusions are verified...

This article examines the social and cultural conflict, the essence of which lies in the opposition of the intellectual and the boor in Chekhov's play “The Cherry Orchard” and in S. Mrożek play “Tango”. The comparative analysis of the works reveals the national, historical and social specificity of the conflict between the intellectual and the boor in the context of the crisis of modern Western civilization. The author concludes that the disintegration of the bourgeois ethos in Chekhov's metaphysical...

The article considers a wide range of socio-psychological factors leading to aggression of various degrees among adolescents. This research aims to study and compare the degree of aggression caused by socio-psychological fac­tors among adolescents aged 12—16. The study group included 109 teenagers of 12—16 age group — 60 girls and 49 boys who live in Zhytomyr. The re­search relied on the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and the questionnaire Direction of Aggression in Adolescents, which...

The relevance of the conducted research is determined by insufficient lev­el of knowledge of the Muslim culture and its features, typical for modern Russian society. Due to the multidimensional nature of a Muslim woman im­age, the article considers one of the aspects of its discursive representation, which is the lexical means used by the authors to portray a Muslim woman athlete. The research material comes from Russian Internet sources devoted to Muslim issues. The results of the research indicate...

The paper describes some aspects of English loanwords top- and VIP- in the modern Russian language. The morphological status of the components depends on their derivative value in the donor language (analytical adjective, prefixoid) or according to the derivational model of the recipient language (ra­dixoid, affixoid, root). It is substantiated that the prepositive component top- acts as a sociopragmatic marker with the value of the highest position held by the compared objects in various ratings...

The article analyzes the problem of determining readiness for mediation as a professional activity in the works of Russian and international researchers, in view of the growing popularity of this social and humanitarian practice both in Russia and all over the world. The author shows the differences in the interpretation of readiness for activity as well as in the requirements for training mediators in Russia, the United Kingdom and the USA. The researcher states the need for a humanist outlook and...

The article describes an authentic model of the formation of future teachers’ readiness to facilitate the development of social interaction skills in preschool children. The proposed model meets the requirements of the current standards of professional education. The author describes the essence of the model focused on a set of measurable learning outcomes formulated in line with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education...

This article analyses Russian and international theoretical approaches to interpreting breaches of conduct by police officers. The author stresses the need to verify empirically the relevance of classical postulates of organizational and social psychology for interpreting breach of conduct in a formalized organization in the contemporary socioeconomic and political context. From the standpoint of collective action theory, the article examines the role of individual characteristics of psychological...

The authors analyse documents of international and European law: the Convention on the Rights of the Child, UNICEF Declaration "World fit for children”, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Social Charter, the Strategy of the Council of Europe on the Rights of the Child. The documents are analysed in the light of the mechanism of pedagogical support for children. It is shown that the abovementioned documents, which guarantee the protection...

Today, loneliness is no longer a problem of individuals but a problem of the society. Difficulties in adapting to changing conditions are increasingly characteristic of modern youth, which makes young people look for new ways to compensate for loneliness. The article considers different perspectives on one of such ways — social networking. 1. Бубер М. Два образа веры. М., 1995. 2. Журнал «Дети в информационном обществе» : [сайт] URL: http:// detionline.com/assets/files/journal/11/gost11.pdf (дата...

This paper offers a theoretical justification of the problem of intercultural sensitivity and analyses Russian and international approaches to studying the phenomena. The author presents the results of an empirical study into the in-tercultural sensitivity of students with different experiences of interacting with representatives of other cultures and ethnic groups. It is shown that a higher intercultural sensitivity is characteristic of students with a more than 10 years’ experience in cross-cultural...

The paper presents analysis of ekphrasis as part of artistic structure in D. Tartt’s «The Goldfinch», its plot and images of characters. The paper proves that ekphrasis helps the writer to describe the important tendencies of the existence of culture in the contemporary society. Existential motifs connected with the meeting of characters with the art treasures are also analyzed. 1. Анцыферова О. Ю. «Южный миф» и роман Донны Тартт «Маленький друг» // Филология и культура. 2015. № 2. С. 165—170. 2...

The author analyses the theory and practice of training pathologists. The experience of Blagoveshchensk Pedagogical University in the implementation of in-service training programmes for teachers, health care professionals and heads of medical-pedagogical commissions is analysed. The author assesses the efficiency of professional training provided by networks of education, health, and social care institutions. Networking and information technologies helped to create tailor-made education programmes...

Based on «VKontakte», «YouTube», «Facebook» social media services, this article considers the main features of the reciever as a structural element of the communicative interaction comparing to the standard media. 1. Гавра Д. П. Основы теории коммуникации. СПб., 2011. 2. Калмыков А. А. Интернет для журналиста. М., 2005. 3. Качкаева А. Г. Журналистика и конвергенция. М., 2010. 4. Клюев Е. В. Речевая коммуникация. М., 2002. 5. Кукса И. Ю. Модальная специфика русской рукописной газеты «Вести-Куранты»...

This article discusses the results of a study of youth’s values conducted in Kaliningrad in 2012—2013. Special attention is paid to the understanding of the life mission and the role of social and legal activism in the structure of values. The author presents arguments in favour of introducing prosocial val-ues into the education system. 1. Торопов П. Б. К вопросу об уровнях правомерного поведения // Актуальные проблемы профессионально-педагогического образования : межвуз. сб. науч. тр. / под ред...

This article examines the terms used to denote the category of persons with mental and physical impairments in the legal, psychological, and pedagogical literature. The author addresses the impact of the uses of these terms on the public perception of this social category. An attempt is made to classify the notions relating to persons with mental and physical defects in accordance with the conceptual – medical and social – models of disability:. 1. Выготский Л. С. Основы дефектологии. М., 1983....

This article analyses the main psychodiagnostic tools of attachment as-sessment. The most popular tools include the "Strange situation", "Strange situation for preschool children", and "End of story" techniques, Kerns’ scale, and Burmenskaya and Pupyreva’s questionnaire "Assessment of attachment to the mother". The authors emphasize the difficulties of using these tech¬niques in studying attachment in adolescents and adults and describe the main results of...

In the conditions of the modern sociocultural reality, inclusive education is one of the most relevant forms of education for all children, including nontypical ones. This study aims at conducting a comparative analysis of the conceptual framework of the social and pedagogical determinants of inclusive education. The article describes the author’s understanding of the concept of non-typical children and compares different interpretations of key factors of inclusive education. The main pedagogical...

Using the “personal-social” antinomy, the author analyses the results of a historical and pedagogical reconstruction of the 1960s— 80s theoretical and practical studies on the development of cognitive interests in cadets within the training process at military schools. The analysis helps to identify the conditions for critical and creative application of these results in humanising the system of military education in modern Russia. 1. Артемьева О. А. Активизация познавательной деятельности курсантов...

This article addresses the problem of promoting students’ health as a teacher’s activity within the educational system; special attention is paid to the pilot study into social attitudes to psychological health and its promotion in primary school teachers. The author analyses the classical ternary structure of social attitude to health promotion and identifies inconsistencies in the system of primary school teacher’s attitudes to the teaching process and the role of schoolchildren’s health in this...

The article is devoted to analysing possible filling of the semantic valence of a verb by the participants of a situation (actants) performng various roles. The problem of the semantic and social role correlation is the focus of our attention.Moreover, the principles of marking semantic cases are considered; role and non-role actions are described; shortcomings of the role nomenclature are specified. 1. Апресян Ю. Д. Избранные труды. Лексическая семантика: Синонимические средства языка. М., 1995...

This article considers the social and psychological mechanism of socialization of children and youth in the health sphere and emphasises the need and opportunities for health socialization of students by means of an educational institution. 1. Кислицина О. А. Масштабы распространения курения и потребления алкоголя среди детей, подростков // Дети и молодежь. Интернет-конференция. URL: http://ecsocman.edu.ru/text/33372865 (дата обращения:05.09.2012). 2. Симаева И. Н., Алимпиева А. В. Охрана здоровья...

The article analyses the appropriateness and efficiency of physical training by medical and social support of people living with HIV. The author presents the results of research conducted in Russia, the USA, and Canada. 1. Basta T.   B., Reece M., Wilson M.   G. Predictors of exercise stage of change among individuals living with HIV/AIDS // Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2008 Sep;40(9):1700—6. 2. Buchacz K., Rangel M., Blacher R., Brooks J.   T. Changes in the Clinical Epidemi­ology of HIV...

This article identifies the specific features of processes of exploration and development of classical pedagogical heritage on the basis of history of development of A. S. Makarenko's heritage as a social pedagogue-reformer in the context of description of social pedagogical initiative and formal pedagogy. The author emphasises the parallelism of the two factors, their non-linear and cyclic character, interdependence and interaction within the processes of exploration and development of A. S. Makarenko’s...

This article considers innovative activities of a specialist in social work. The author gives a definition of innovative product and provides a detailed description of stages of innovative activity. 1. Кайгородова Л.   А. Инновационные технологии в социальной работе с по­жилыми людьми. URL: http://home.novoch.ru 2. Карпова Ю.   А. Введение в социологию инноватики: учеб. пособие. СПб., 2004. 3. Нейхц Н.   П., Решетников В.   А. Традиция и инновация в социальной работе // Вестник Иркутского...

This article features a glossary, which explains the phenomenon of twins and serves as a benchmark of social and professional activity for a pedagogical team or a supplementary education institution and will also be helpful for eve-ryone bringing up twins or communicating with them. 1.  Морозова Т.   Б. Личностное развитие близнецов в процессе общения // Педагогика. 2003. №   8. С. 23—25. 2.  Морозова Т.   Б. Особенности работы с детьми-близнецами // Народное образование. 2009. №   1. С....

The aim of the present work is to study and compare the use of pronouns for second person reference in English and Swedish in terms of the two dimensions, power and solidarity, suggested by Brown & Gilman (1960) and the theory of politeness by Brown & Levinson. The history of expression of esteem by personal pronouns is traced through as well. 1.  Brown R., Gilman A. The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity // P.   P. Giglioni (red.). Language and Social Context. Harmondsworth, 1972 (1960). P. 252—282...

The German social-political discourse is regarded to be a cognitive space with its certain structure and dynamic character, it can be studied from both syncronistic and dyachronistic points of view. 1.      Кубрякова Е.С. Когнитивная лингвистика и проблемы композиционной семантики в сфере словообразования // Известия АН. Серия литературы и языка. 2002. Т. 61, №   1. С. 13—24. 2.      Кубрякова Е.С. О современном понимании термина «концепт» в линг­висти­ке и культурологи // Реальность...

This article analyses the conceptual framework of teaching primary school children conflict resolution in the countries of the European Union in order to integrate the global achievements in the field of conflict studies training into the effective development of regional educational science and practice. 1.  Валкер Дж. Тренинг разрешения конфликтов (для начальной школы). Как нам договориться? Практическое руководство по нена­сильственному разрешению конфликтов. СПб., 2001. 2.  Вульфсон Б.   Л...

This article analyses, by means of the reflective-environmental approach, the potential, features, and limitations to socio-pedagogical support of the subjective development of a student in the framework of additional education. On the basis of the research conducted, the author comes to a conclusion about the necessity of such support both for the development of students' subjectivity and the implementation of subjective functions of additional education. 1. Гущина Т.   Н. Я и мои ценности…...

The key aspect of incorporation of Prussians, who inhabited the South-East of Baltic region, into the social system of the State of Teutonic Order in the second half of the XIIIth—XIVth centuries was the distribution among them of land estates in exchange of military service and/or taxes. The military duties of Prussians involving defense of lands and participating in the campaigns against political rivals of Order raised the issue of the composition of their weapons which indicated either preserving...

The article deals with the problems of personal pension provision of M. A. Ivanova, the niece of F. M. Dostoevsky, granted for the merits of her famous relative. The main information sources are the documents of the pension file stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, confirming the right of the writer’s niece to a personal pension for the merits of her uncle and containing information about the size of the pension and the payment plan. The studied documents, together with regulatory...