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... развития // Вопросы философии. 2008. № 12. С. 3—21. 31. Bassin M. «Classical» Eurasianism and the Geopolitics of Russian Identity //Ab imperio. 2003. № 2. Р. 257—266. 32. Bassin M., Glebov S., Laruelle M. (eds.). Between Europe and Asia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh, 2015. 33. Mackinder H. J. The geographical pivot of history // The Geographical Journal. 1904. № 23. Р. 421—437. 34. O’Loughlin J. Geopolitical fantasies, ...

This study is an attempt at a historiographical analysis of research works into the history of peasant horse breeding in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century. The work delineates historiographical periods, identifies the focal points covered in the literature and outlines avenues for future exploration. Monographs, dissertations and research articles reporting findings on peasant horse breeding served as sources of the study. Pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern historiographical...

This article is dedicated to the study of lichen biota as part of the research and conservation of biodiversity in the Kaliningrad region. Biological studies of little-known territories are a crucial component of the ecologically oriented development of the Kaliningrad region, especially for areas with heavily transformed landscapes. Expanding the understanding of the diversity and distribution of lichens plays an important role in nature conservation and supporting the biodiversity of the Kaliningrad...

In the context of modern globalization processes, the volume of population involved in international educational migration is growing increasingly intensive, and its results are having a more noticeable impact on socio-political and socio-economic processes. This article examines international educational migration as a source of potential labor resources for the country’s economy and as an indicator for assessing geopolitical and geoeconomic processes. Current trends in international educational...

The relationship between the individual and society is the leitmotif of Georges Gurvitch’s work. Beginning from the early Russian-language books on the philosophy of law and ending with the works on sociology published in France and the USA at the final stage of his career, Gurvitch studied the individual person and collective units as interacting sides of the collective social subject. He sought to overcome the struggle between individualism and collectivism which found its ideological expression...

This text is a polemic against the 2023 article by Sergey N. Gradirovsky who wrote about the present-day relevance of Immanuel Kant’s concept of enlightenment and challenged the idea of the modern human being as a child who needs an external guardian or guide to control his behaviour. In my polemic with Gradirovksy I point out that in addition to “self-incurred immaturity” Kant writes about the historical “immaturity” of savage or backward peoples. I also argue that for Kant “maturity” carries not...

In the course of a close analysis of Kant’s essay in which he gives his original answer to the question, “What is Enlightenment?” I examine the causes and consequences of the theses about Enlightenment which makes a plea for emancipation from the shackles of guardianship, above all by getting rid of one’s own cowardice. In search of an answer to the question, “What is the real reason of self-incurred immaturity?” I consider the bifurcation: Is it all about unjust social institutions established in...

The authors of the idea of a “new Enlightenment”, Ernst von Weizsäcker and Anders Wijkman, in their 2018 report to the Club of Rome analyse the causes of the explosive development of science and technology in the Modern period and come to the conclusion that their triumph and existential threats stem in many ways from the ideals of Enlightenment, so that the future of humankind depends crucially on an ideological rethinking of man’s status in the world. They stress the need to enhance the responsibility...

In the Club of Rome report Come on! Capitalism, Short-Termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet (2018) Kant, along with other “old” Enlighteners, is presented as the father of a world-view which led to the destabilisation of the environment in which humanity exists. The authors of the report argue that the “old Enlightenment” with its individualism, faith in the market and a consumerist attitude to nature should be scrapped. I maintain that this assessment of Kant’s philosophy is groundless...

The relation between Kant’s philosophy and the “philosophy of balance” as it is described in the report Come on! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet, delivered to the Club of Rome in 2018, requires some analysis. The authors of the report consider Kant to be a philosopher of European Enlightenment which laid the foundations of the modern world, but also proved to be the source of global problems. The report characterises the philosophy of the Enlightenment as lop-sided...

... as a banal and superficial one, opposed to faith. Further transformation of the views on the Enlightenment led to the emergence of the inauthentic terms of “Enlightenment” and Lumières applied post factum to the eighteenth-century philosophy in Europe. As a result, the essence of the enlightenment was defined not so much by the eighteenth-century Enlighteners as by historians and philosophers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries who constructed a model notion of enlightenment against which ...

The movement for the revival of the Scholastic tradition (Neo-Scholasticism) was a reaction to devastating criticism by the representatives of Enlightenment which led to the destruction of traditional metaphysics and of epistemological optimism, the two pillars of European religious philosophy. Reception of Kantian ideas in Neo-Scholasticism varied from total rejection to its use in renewing the philosophical foundation of religious philosophy. In this regard the legacy of the Polotsk Jesuit Academy...

... Philosophy and Psychology], 61(1), pp. 826-863 (In Rus.) Frank, S. L., 1922. The Crisis of Western Culture. In: N. A. Berdyaev, Ya. M. Bukshpan, F. A. Stepun and S. L. Frank, 1922. Osvald Shpengler i Zakat Yevropy [Oswald Spengler and the Decline of Europe]. Moscow: Bereg, pp. 34-54. (In Rus.) Frank, S. L., 1931. Dostoevsky and the Crisis of Humanism. Put’ [The Way], 27, pp. 71-78. Frank, S. L., 1996. Regarding the Article about “Signposts” by S. V. Lurie. In: S. L. Frank, 1996. Russkoye mirovozzreniye ...

The widespread assessment of the early period of Semyon L. Frank’s work as being influenced by German Neo-Kantianism is in need of a critical scrutiny. There are several reasons why the Russian philosopher’s interest in Neo-Kantianism merits a closer look. First, two systemic theories belonging to different trends exerted a decisive influence on Russian philosophy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: German Neo-Kantianism and Vladimir Solovyov’s school of all-unity. Second, Frank...

This article examines the perception of ‘rare’ and ‘common’ languages through literary translations. The study is based on the materials from De Bezige Bij Publishing House in the Netherlands, comparing the periods of 2010—2013 and 2020—2023. A significant increase in the role of translators is reflected in the rise of translation share in the publishing house. There is an observed growth in the number of source languages for translation, with a dec­rease in the proportion of English. Translations...

... may have lost their na­tive language due to external circumstances, to demonstrate their cultural identity. It is suggested that the occurrence of such speech behaviour is strongly influenced by the specific time and place, where forced emigration to Europe not only contributes to the preservation of archaic speech etiquette patterns but also involuntarily activates them. Abaev, V. I., 1973. Istoriko-etimologicheskii slovar' osetinskogo yazyka [Historical and etymological dictionary of the Ossetian ...

... Lifschitz, A. S., 2010. Translation in theory and practice: The case of Johann David Mi­chaeli’s prize essay on language and opinions (1759). In: S. Stockhorst, ed. Cultural Transfer Through Translation: The Circulation of Enlightened Thought in Europe by Means of Translation. Amsterdam; New York, pp. 29—43. Luckhardt, H.-D., 1987. Der Transfer in der maschinellen Sprachübersetzung. Tübin­gen. Neurath, O., 1932. Protokollsätze. Erkenntnis, 3, pp. 204—214. Newmark, P., 1996. The ethics ...

The article explores the images of the German cities, Lubeck and Hamburg, presented in Nikolay Gretsch’s travelogue “The real trip to Germany in 1835”. The author determines the link between the images of the two cities and the tradition of describing Germany as an idyllic place. This tradition was widespread in Russian literature at the end of the 18th century — first half of the 19th century. In Gretsch’s text, Lubeck and Hamburg are depicted as idyllic but to different degrees. The locus of Lubeck...

... the Trinity in the Academy. 1814—1914]. Moscow: Izd. byvsh. vospitannikov Mosk. duhov. akad., pp. 131-140. (In Rus.) Solovyov, V. S., 1900. Three Characteristics. — M. M. Troickij. — N. Ya. Grot. — P.D. Yurkevich. Vestnik Evropy [Bulletin of Europe], 1, pp. 319-335. (In Rus.) Vvedensky, Alexey I., 1891. Basic Epistemological Principles of Post-Kantian Philosophy. Historical-critical Essay. Vera i razum [Faith and Reason], 19, pp. 305-326 (2nd pagin.). (In Rus.) Vvedensky, Alexey I., 1892....

On the eve of the tercentenary of Kant’s birth, just as it was a hundred years ago, Kantianism is simultaneously on the receiving end of the blows of history and attacks by rival philosophical parties, both progressivist and reactionary. The radical wings of both parties perceive modernity as a depressing, nauseating period which must be broken with by moving toward the past or toward the future. One of the most original and profound diagnoses of this attitude was offered by Hans Jonas, who discerned...

Although Kant was born three hundred years ago, his practical philosophy is still relevant and helpful for understanding difficult and crucial issues of today. One example is the strange transformation the concept of human dignity has undergone in post-Soviet Russia — in everyday language, in ideological doctrines, and in legal documents. While in ordinary life dignity is increasingly reduced to access to material benefits, in its legal sense — above all in the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation...

The topics of this issue, devoted to the tercentenary of Immanuel Kant’s birth, focus on his practical philosophy, most notably on the problems of free will in the light of the debates at the end of the eighteenth century; on the concept of human dignity and its reflection in daily life and in the main legal documents of the Russian Federation; on the possibility of deriving positive duties from the categorical imperative; and on the relevance of Kantian ethics to modern-day realities. The issue...

The review covers scholarly publications devoted to the philosophy of Hermann Cohen, the head of the Marburg School of Neo­Kantianism, written by Russ­ ian researchers in the period between 2000 and 2023. Although Cohen commanded unquestioned authorityamong Russian philosophers of his time — among them some followers and pupils — there was no systematic and substantive study of his work in pre­revolutionary Russia. The review below attempts to show the evidentgrowth of interest in Cohen’s philosophy...

The Kantian legacy has had a key impact on the landscape of theoretical philosophy in the first half of the twentieth century. Philosophers both in Germany and in Russia saw Immanuel Kant’s ideas as seminal for their philosophical research. The main schools of that era were formed in discussions of the problems and the solutions which were proposed by Kant. The methodological legacy of the critical philosophy effectively became the main benchmark of the thinking of a whole generation of intellectuals...

This paper examines two models of language philosophy. The first is the Kantian philosophy which sees language as an instrument of conveying mental content. I have selected Immanuel Kant and Edmund Husserl from amongst its numerous representatives. In this tradition, a language expression, i.e. an expression that has meaning, is determined by the objectively ideal character of the meanings (“rules”) given through the subject’s intellectual acts. The main task is to fix with a maximum degree of accuracy...

This research aims to present a coherent analysis of so-called “doctrinal hermeneutics” by examining notable passages from Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason and the Critique of the Power of Judgment. It is first shown that doctrinal hermeneutics essentially relies on symbolic hypotyposis, which can be understood as thinking by analogy supplemented with a reference to intuition. Here, both an historical and a contemporary interpretation inform the reconstruction of what Kant understands by...

The concept of “moral sense”, introduced into the philosophical lexicon by Ashley-Cooper Shaftesbury and Francis Hutcheson, has found a place in the teachings of many thinkers. Immanuel Kant was one of them. The position of the theory of moral sense, which exerted a formative influence on Kant’s moral philosophy, varied as it evolved from the pre-critical to the critical period of Kant’s work. In order to find out what this influence was, I first reconstructed the views of Shaftesbury on the nature...

In this second installment (for the first, see Kantian Journal, 2024, vol. 43, no. 2), Kant’s references to ancient consolation writings are elaborated. The general aim is to make Kant’s proximity to the Roman Stoa, and his borrowings from it, more apparent. A comparison with his necrology for Funk then shows more explicitly how Kant takes up this ancient philosophy anew for his time, and for his fellow human beings. In so doing, he continued a trend that had begun in the Enlightenment. In Universal...

An Old English poem, preserved in a copy of the 12th century, Instructions for Chris­tians, consisting of 265 lines, is considered through the prism of the explication of the theme of moral instructions in the Old English tradition. The poem, along with other Old English sermons and Christian poems, represents the suggestion of moral rules regarding early Chris­tian life, being a set of orders for believers. This article provides the author's translation of the contexts of the poem Instructions for...

The article delves into the intricacies of integrating poetic texts into the discourse of au­thorial cinema. It begins by examining the multifaceted interaction between cinema and poet­ry within contemporary artistic culture, framing author cinematography through the lens of the poetic concept. Intermediality and interdiscursivity are explored as intrinsic properties of cinema, serving as tools for shaping the unique style and aesthetics of filmmakers. Two films, “Stalker” by Andrei Tarkovsky and...

There is a dearth of empirical literary studies devoted to digital literature, primarily due to the poor development of a methodological framework for analysing digital texts and a lack of clarity as regards the text/meaning-generating capacity of the new communication channel, the language of digital texts' literary meta-description and the limits of freedom in interpret­ing such volatile texts. This article attempts to answer these and other questions, providing a semiotic understanding of communication...

... Editing: Recognizing Materiality in the Work of bpNichol. MA Thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax. Zarutsky, P., 2020. The mouse's tail, the Tower of Babel of letters and poems without words. What is visual poetry and how did poems turn into drawings in Europe . Nozh. Media [Knife. Media] . 21 March 2020. Available at: https://knife . media/visual-poetry/ [Accessed 10 June 2023] (in Russ.). Zholkovsky, A. K. and Shcheglov, Yu. K., 1975. On the Concepts of ‘Topic’ and ‘Poetic World’. In: ...

This article examines the image of 'flowers of evil' as an imago image — an imaginary image of a real object. The term 'imago' was first used in this sense by Carl Jung in 1912. The work proposes a novel approach to investigating the image of 'flowers of evil'. The com­pa­rative historical, analytical and psychoanalytic methods of text examination revealed that, in his novel À rebours, Huysmans espouses Baudelaire's celebrated image, representing it pri­marily as a notion of something bizarre, extraordinary...

The spread of new poetic meters in the works of both older and younger generation of symbolists inevitably led to attempts at their scientific comprehension and description. This paper demonstrates that in writings on Russian verse, starting with Andrei Bely's “Symbol­ism”, the concepts of ‘dolnik/pauznik’ have been consistently analysed in comparison with German tonic verse in general and Heine's poetry in particular. The theoretical interest in ‘dolnik’ was fueled not only by the prevailing poetic...

The article presents a historical and scientific analysis of the oral presentations and other works that criticized Boris Eikhenbaum’s “Melodics of Verse” and Viktor Zhirmunsky’s “Rhyme, Its History and Theory” from the perspective of Moscow formalism. The overview relies on unknown materials, which can thus be introduced into scholarly discourse. It refers to the presentations made by the philologist and philosopher Maksim Kœnigsberg and the literary scholar Mikhail Shtokmar, a student of Boris...

... parts of the region. A comparison with 2015 data revealed a 46 % increase in zinc accumulation lev­els. The study established that the main sources of pollution include both local industrial facil­ities and transboundary transport of air masses from Europe, particularly under prevailing southwesterly winds. moss biomonitors, epithermal neutron activation analysis, zinc, at­mospheric pollution, transboundary transport, Kaliningrad Region 101-116 10.5922/vestniknat-2025-2-6

In his 1916 book, History as a Problem of Logic, Gustav Shpet undertakes the task of reconstructing the whole Kantian conception of history, previously scattered in various articles and minor works of the critical period. He builds the reconstruction around Kant’s Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective, with a focus on the a priori ‘thread’ in history and not empirical history. Shpet’s general assessment of Kant’s contribution to the development of historical science is sharply...

In this article I propose a reconstruction of the link between the concept of the system of philosophy as “the history of self-consciousness” put forward by Schelling in the treatise The System of Transcendental Idealism (1800), and one of the key elements of the Kantian critical philosophy, the teaching on the transcendental ideal. Differentiating three meanings of the term “history” in The System, I concentrate on the broadest of these meanings which describes the system as a whole and is expressed...

... enthusiasm and from the applicability of this concept to the interpretation of some recent varieties of technological enthusiasm. Reviewed below are nineteen papers presented at the conference of young scholars. Chakrabarty, D., 2000. Provincializing Europe. Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press. Fukuyama, F., 1989. The End of History? The National Interest, 16, pp. 3-18. Herder, J. G., 2024. Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind....

This article examines the attempts of many libertarian philosophers to justify the self-ownership principle using the second formulation of the categorical imperative. It begins by reconstructing the self-ownership principle, according to which each person has a natural property right over her body and person. There are many versions of this principle, each recognizing a different set of such property rights; but what all formulations have in common is their radical anti-paternalism and, consequently...

The literary fate of the German dramatist Heiner Müller is paradoxical. Despite his plays being part of the main repertoire in many of the world’s leading theaters, he faced prolonged censorship both in his homeland, the German Democratic Republic, and in Russia. However, interest in his works has grown significantly in recent years. Müller's major works have been translated into Russian, and his plays are increasingly staged in domestic theatres. Alongside these theatrical productions, Russian researchers...

... 460—468 (in Russ.). Maslennikova, O. N., 2016. Germany in Andrey Bely’s letters — Andrey Bely in letters from Germany. In: Rossiya i Zapadnaya Evropa: vzaimovidenie (literatura, filosofi­ya, kul'turologiya): sb. nauchnykh statei [Russia and Western Europe: mutual viewing (literature, philosophy, cultural studies): collection of scientific papers]. Ivanovo, pp. 202—217 (in Russ.). Ospovat, A. L., Pigarev, K. V. and Lerner, N. O., 1989. Tyutchev in Munich: (from the correspondence of I. S. Gagarin ...

This article is the study of the Chinese characters through the semiotic weakening law. The hieroglyphic sign shapes the Chinese linguistic and cultural domain following the unique algorithm to code information. However, the linear principle of the Indo-European semiotics can hardly be applied to the Chinese semiotics with the hieroglyph sign at its heart. This makes the problem of the research obvious, that is to study cognitive processes that underlie the formation of the Chinese characters. The...

The article is devoted to the questions "Who am I? What am I?", which have been actively spreading in the Russian language since the end of the 18th — beginning of the 19th century, both in poetry and prose. As a linguistic means of self-presentation and self-iden­tification, questions are used in situations that encourage a person to reflect on their place in so­ciety and their own rank feelings. The very fact of using the rhetorical questions "Who am I? What am I?" excludes...

The article provides a functional interpretation of explanation. It is based on the principles of Linguistic Pragmatics and Functional Linguistics. Explanation is analysed from two perspectives: as a communicative act and as a two-part discursive structure. The com­mu­nicative act of explanation is characterised by a perlocutionary goal of making the reader un­derstand the properties of an entity. This understanding focuses on the properties that are un­clear or not obvious to the reader. The perlocutionary...

The discursive approach to the study of politeness has expanded its scope by incorpo­ra­ting the hearer, in addition to the speaker, as well as the context of interaction, which de­ter­mines various aspects of communication, including the emotional/emotive dimension. This ar­ticle examines politeness through the prism of the emotional component of communication. It contributes to the study of emotive politeness, which focuses on the recipient's feelings, in face-threatening acts. The purpose of this...

Althaus, H. P. and Henne, H., 1971. Sozialkompetenz und Sozialperformanz. Thesen zur Sozialkommunikation. Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik, Bd. 38 (1), S. 1—15. Capone, A., Graci, R. and Perconti, P., eds., 2024. New frontiers in Pragmalinguistic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65502-9 . Leech, G. N., 1983. Principles of pragmatics. London. Marmaridou, S., 2011. Pragmalinguistics and sociopragmatics. In: W. Bublitz and N. R. Norrick, eds. Foundations of pragmatics. Berlin;...

... role of borrowings from French and English in enriching the Russian language with nuanced shades of meaning for ‘atlet’, and characterizes the connection of this entire group of cognate words to broader social and cultural changes in 19th-century Europe and Russia. borrowing, word portrait, discourse analysis, stereotype, feminitive, gender, semantics, word formation 134-153 10.5922/2225-5346-2025-3-9