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This article analyses certain issues of implementation of Russian energy policy in the Baltic region fr om the geoeconomic perspective. The purpose of the study is to explain Russian energy policy in the region as dependent solely on the import capacity of its partners. Russian energy policy is viewed as one of the most important activities of the state and its business structures. As such it aims to achieve both general economic goals (generation of profit, market domination) and more specific geoeconomic...

This article analyses population changes in North-West regions of Russia (the former North-Western economic zone and the Kaliningrad region) and the Baltics at the level of urban districts and municipalities. The cohort component method is used to analyze the youth population dynamics in the administrative territorial units of this level, which makes it possible to estimate the international (intraregional) migration of this population group. This method is used quite rarely, yet it is more accurate...

The relevance of the study lies in the acute need to modernise the tools for a more accurate and comparable reflection of the demographic reality of spatial objects of different scales. This article aims to test the methods of “demographic rankings” developed by Yermakov and Shmakov. The method is based on the principles of indirect standardisation of the major demographic coefficients relative to the age structure.The article describes the first attempt to apply the method to the analysis of birth...

International cluster is a relatively new form of spatial organisation of economy in the globalisation conditions, which has become a frequent phenomenon in European countries, including those of the Baltic region. It requires a comprehensive study of both regional economics and economic geography. This article aims to identify structured international clusters in the Baltic region and map the corresponding regions. The results obtained will make it possible to get a comprehensive idea of the aggregate...

... http://www.finland.org.ru/public/default.aspx?nodeid=37009&contentlan=15&culture=ru-RU (accessed 26 January 2013). 3. Deryabin, Yu. S. 2009, Osobaja avtonomija potomkov vikingov [The special autonomy descendants of the Vikings], Sovremennaja Evropa [Modern Europe], no. 1. 4. Efimova, E. G. 2012, Osobennosti razvitija biznesa na ostrovnyh periferijnyh territorijah Zapadnoj Evropy [Features of development of business on the island of peripheral areas of Western Europe], Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta,...

... problems and trends], Rossija i sovremennyj mir [Russia and the modern world], no. 2, p. 54—64. 10. Makarychev, A. 2005, Pskov at the Crossroads of Russia’s Trans-Border Relations with Estonia and Latvia: Between Provinciality and Marginality, Europe— Asia Studies, Vol. 57, no. 3, May, p. 481—500. 11. Mezhevich, N. M. 2007, Rossijsko-jestonskaja granica: istorija formirovanija i sovremennoe znachenie dlja razvitija Severo-Zapada Rossii [Russian-Estonian border: formation history and contemporary ...

... in the Baltic region as an impetus for regional development, Baltic Region, no. 4 (18), p. 7—22. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-4-1. 43. "Staraja Evropa" za schet "Novoj Evropy": bjudzhet ES sokratili vpervye za 56 let ["Old Europe" due to the "New Europe": EU budget cut for the first time in 56 years], 2013, Regnum, available at: http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1623294. html#ixzz2nvPnAY7F (accessed 09.02.2013). Mezhevich N. M. 10.5922/2079-8555-2014-1-1 ...

To study the key instruments of international cooperation between Russia and the European Union aimed at stimulating innovative development of tourism co-financed by the EU and Russia. The author describes specific projects implemented in the framework of the Lithuania-Poland-Russia cross-border cooperation programme for 2009—2013 in the field of tourism. Special attention is paid to analysing tourism innovations that have emerged as a result of the projects aimed at cooperation and tourism development...

... 1996, Wielkomiejska bieda w okresie transformacji. Zasiłkobiorcy pomocy społecznej, Łódź, Instytut Socjologii UŁ. 11. Warzywoda-Kruszyńska, W., Grotowska-Leder, J. 1998, Concentration of Poverty in Polish Large Cities: An Example of Lodz, L`Europe du Centre-Est. Eine wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, Vol. 20—23, Pat. 3—4. 12. Warzywoda-Kruszyńska, W. (ed.), 1998, Żyć i pracować w enklawach biedy, Łódź, Instytut Socjologii UŁ. 13. Warzywoda-Kruszyńska, W. (red.), 1999, (Żyć) ...

This article is devoted to the issues of cross-border cooperation carried out by agents resident in the Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian voivodeships. Among such agents there are non-governmental organizations. This article aims to identify the role of NGOs in cross-border cooperation and the predominant fields of their cooperation, as well as to assess their activity in attracting funding from European budgets. The article widely applies the results of surveys of NGOs conducted by the author, compares...

The current development of economic diplomacy in the world is determined by a combination of globalization and regionalization. In addition, it has an economic dimension. At the same time, the Baltic Sea region demonstrates large-scale politicisation of economic cooperation. The development of nuclear power in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea is indicative of the effectiveness of political and economic cooperation in the region. The author believes that Russia and the three Baltic States of Estonia...

This article offers a comprehensive definition of international, cross-border, and transnational clusters. The author presents a classification of international clusters of the Baltic Sea states, and identifies cross-border and transnational clusters. The paper considers the features of international clusters in the Baltic Sea region, as well as certain cases of implementation of national and international cluster policy. A comparative analysis of the Baltic Sea region provides a basis for identifying...

... sfere sovremennoj vysshej shkoly [On international innovation cooperation at modern universities], Balt. reg., no. 2, p. 112—116. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-2-11. 15. Novaja Evropejskaja strategija «Evropa 2020» [The new European strategy "Europe 2020"], available at: http://eulaw.ru/content/307 (accessed 9 January 2013). 16. Palmowski, T. 2004, Novaja Baltijskaja bipoljarnaja model' mezhregional'nogo sotrudnichestva [New Baltic bipolar model of interregional cooperation], Vestnik ...

... available at: http://www. bsr-quick.eu/4.html (accessed 19 September 2012). 17. Co2olBricks Climate Change, Cultural Heritage & Energy Efficient Monuments, available at: http://www. co2olbricks. eu/index. php?id=55 (accessed 19 September 2012). 18. Turning Europe into a true Innovation Union, 2010, Europa. Press Release RAPID, 2 October, available at: http://europa. eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do?reference=MEMO/10/473&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en (accessed 11 October 2012). 19. Short ...

Conducting a multi-aspect comparative analysis of curricula of bachelor’s degree programmes in oceanology offered at universities in St Petersburg, Klaipeda and Kaliningrad, the authors trace similarities between the existing variants of oceanologist training in the context of competence modules, disciplines, the so-called academic practices, and the number of hours and credits stipulated in the existing curricula. A formal comparison of generalised quantitative indicators without analysing the content...

... (accessed 28 March 2012). 19. Public funding for research and development, Tekes, available at: http://www.tekes.fi/en/community/Public_funding_for_R_D/507/Public_funding_for _R_D/1381 (accessed 15 March 2012). 20. Science, technology and innovation in Europe, Eurostat, available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?p_product_code (accessed 16 March 2012). 21. Statistics Finland, available at: http://www.stat.fi/index_en.html (accessed 04 June 2012). ...

... Rossijskoj imperii [Code of Laws of the Russian Empire], Saint Petersburg, Vol. 11, Part 2, p. 47. 2. Konsuly [Consuls], 1904, Saint Petersburg. 3. Weiner, A. P. 1894, Konsuly v hristianskih gosudarstvah Evropy i SASSh [Consuls in the Christian states of Europe and NAUS], Saint Petersburg. 4. Bereznikov, V. A. 1900, O dejatel'nosti konsula po otnosheniju k otechestvennoj torgovle [The activities of the consul in relation to domestic trade], Saint Petersburg. 5. Gorjainov, S. M. 1903, Rukovodstvo dlja ...

... Žepkaitė, R. 1983, Litovsko-pol'skie otnoshenija v 1919—1939 gg. i ih mesto v politicheskoj konstelljacii Severo-Vostochnoj Evropy [Lithuanian-Polish relations in the years 1919—1939 and their place in the political constellation of the North-Eastern Europe], Vilnius. 17. Žiugžda, R. 1983, Lietuva imperialistinių vlastibių planuose 1917—1940, Vilnius. 18. Grishin, Ja. Ja. 2005, Neobychnyj ul'timatum [An unusual ultimatum], Kazan. 19. Mihutina, I. V. 1994, Pol'sko-sovetskaja vojna 1919—1920 ...

In this paper we focus on the structure and territorial borders of the Baltic Sea region, and examine the key structural elements of the transnational territorial transport system. In this respect, we clarify some terms used in transport geography. For the first time the transport system gets territorially localized, which allows for a broad range of new studies of transnational transportation in the Baltic Sea area. We also identify the main principles of development and operation of international...

... la République française relatif à la suppression graduelle des contrôles aux frontières communes, 2000, Journal officiel des Communautés européennes. 22 septembre 2000, no. L 239, p. 19—62. 7. King, M. 2001, Le contrôle des différences en Europe: l’inclusion et l’exclusion comme logiques sécuritaires et économiques, Cultures & Conflits, no. 26—27, p. 35—49. 8. Meloni, A. 2006, Visa policy within the European Union structure, Berlin, Springer. 9. Guild, E., Bigo, D. 2003, Le visa: ...

The article focuses on the state frontier in European and Russian political cultures as a major instrument for developing trans-border regional cooperation. The term ‘state frontier’ is defined through a prism of regional integration processes. The authors examine the role of trans-border relations between Russia and the European Union in promoting mutually beneficial strategic cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. Historical experience, geopolitical position, national psychology and some other factors...

... 15th—19th centuries, Tallin. 14. Skazkin, S. D. 1958, Osnovnye problemy tak nazyvaemogo «vtorogo izdanija krepostnichestva» v Srednej i Vostochnoj Evrope [The main problem of the so-called "second edition of serfdom" in Central and Eastern Europe], Voprosy istorii, no. 2, p. 96—119. 15. Doroshenko, V. V. 1960, Ocherki agrarnoj istorii Latvii v XVI veke [Essays on the agrarian history of Latvia in the XVI century], Riga. 16. Penskoi, V. V. 2010, Velikaja ognestrel'naja revoljucija [Great ...

Both the official (state and diplomatic) and business protocols are frequently used in Europe; in Russia, it has become a focus of attention in recent years. Thus, there arises a need of training specialists in protocol. However, this aspect has not been tackled effectively by Russian universities. This article is aimed at identifying the ...

... Security and Justice (2005), the article assesses the main results of its implementation, such as the Readmission and Visa Facilitation agreements. Moreover, it stresses the role of Russia as an agenda-setter of the EU migration agenda in the Eastern Europe. 1. Averre, D. 2005, Russia and the European Union: Convergence or Divergence?, European Security, no. 14 (2), p. 175—202. 2. Barbé, E., Costa, O., Herranz, A., Johansson-Nogués, E., Natorski, M., and Sabiote, M. A. 2010, Drawing the neighbours ...

This article analyses the Erasmus Mundus programme run by the European Commission in terms of structured cooperation between the EU and third country universities. Special attention is paid to the implementation of Erasmus Mundus projects aimed at environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, reduction in the use of hazardous substances, and the improvement of the attractiveness of the region. 1. The OECD and the Millennium Development Goals, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development...

The article considers and assesses the influence of macro-geographical factors on communication behaviour of people in the course of transition to innovative economy through the example of the Baltic Sea region. 1. Dinamika razvitija jekonomicheskogo krizisa: Sweden [The dynamics of the economic crisis: Sweden], 2010, Informacionnyj bjulleten' Instituta Baltijskogo regiona RGU im. I. Kanta [Newsletter of the Institute of Baltic Studies of the Immanuel Kant State University of Russia], I quarter...

This article analyses the principal complex of economic and political motivations of the states of Central and Eastern Europe and the EU members related to the EU enlargement towards the East. Special attention is paid to the discussion on the reasonableness of the EU enlargement and the positions of certain EU members. 1. Borchardt K.-D. 1994, Azbuka prava Evropejskogo ...

... A. Stasiak. (red.). Księga poświęcona pamięci profesora Marcina Marii Rościszewskiego. Warszawa. 67. Palmowski, T. 2001. Kaliningrad and its Internal Problems. In: J. Wendt, A. Ilies. (red.). Chosen Problems of Political Geography in Central Europe. Gdańsk.68. Palmowski, T. 1999. Obwód Kaliningradzki wobec przemian w Europie Bałtyckiej In: J. Kitowski. (red.). Problematyka geopolityczna Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej. Rzeszów. 69. Palmowski, T. 2004. Rola Kaliningradu w procesie integracji ...

... 2010. Oceanologia, № 52 (2), pp. 197—210. 47. Olenin, S. (et al.). 2010. Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Task Group 2 Report. Non-indigenous species. Luxembourg, Communities. 48. Olenin, S. (et al.). 2010. Pathways of Aquatic Invasions in Europe. In: Atlas of Biodiversity Risk. Sofia, pp. 138—139. 49. Olenin, S. (et al.). 2010. Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, № 29, pp. 52—54. 50. Olenin, S., Alemany, F., Cardoso, C. (et al.). 2010. Marine Strategy ...

This article focuses on the present state and prospects of research and technology development in Lithuania. The authors focus on the main competitive innovation spheres (information technologies, biotechnologies, special purpose laser technologies) and analyse the principal lines of innovation policy and strategy. The article presents the results of a SWOT analysis of Lithuanian innovation development and describes the possible fields and mechanisms of research and technology cooperation between...

... http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/biog/61773.htm ( дата обращения : 07.04.2009) 15. Browning C., Lehti M. (eds.) The Struggle for the West: A Divided/ Con­tested Legacy. London : Routledge, 2009. 16. Huelsse R. Turkey’s Europeanness, Europe ’s Identity and the EU: Explora­tions below the Surface of the Enlargement Discourse // Borders, Identities and Na­tionalism: Understanding the Relationship / ed. by K. K. Khudoley, D. Lanko. St. Pe ­ tersburg , 2004. 17. Joenniemi P. ...

This article is dedicated to the EU strategy for the Baltic Sea region approved by the European Commission in October 2009. The Strategy expresses the intention to strengthen regionalisation in the framework of the EU. It distinguishes the Baltic region as an independent priority target of the complex strategy for the EU development and gives an additional incentive to the resolution of the problems related to the formation of this macroregion. Joenniemi Pertti 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-2-4 39-42...

This article considers the key stages of Lithuanian energy evolution since 1990 and the factors that affected the strategy of Lithuanian energy sector development in the period of preparation and accession to the European Union. The author offers the estimations and general strategic recommendations regarding national energy policy, which were developed by the specialists of the Lithuanian Energy Institute. Vilemas Jurgis 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-1-7 50-57 energy, energy strategy, European Union...

The article considers the IEA data on energy reserves in terms of global and national energy security. The authors describe methods for regulating the energy market in the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Community. The authors support the idea of applying the experience of the EU. 1.     Новые риски для глобальной энергетической безопасности и пути их снижения: глобальный обзор / ЕЭК ООН. Нью-Йорк; Женева, 2006. С. 4. URL : http //: www.vnece.org 2.     Компендиум международных договоров...

... Communication from the Commission "European Neighbourhood Policy" // COM. 2004. 373 final. 13.  Communication from the Commission "Eastern Partnership" // COM. 2008. 823/4. 14.  Ochmann С. Im Osten was Neues // Spotlight Europe. 2009. 06. 15.  Council of the European Union. Presidency Conclusions. 7880. 09. Brus­sels , 2009. 16.  Council of the European Union. 8435/09 (Presse 78). Brussels , 2009. 17.  Emerson М. The Shaping of a Policy Framework for the Wider ...

... Commission of the European Communities, Communication from the Com­mission to the Council and the European Parliament, Black Sea Synergy. A new regional cooperation initiative. COM(2007) 160 final. 2007, Brussels . 6.  Dwan R. Building security in Europe ’s new borderlands, Subregional coop­eration in the wider Europe, EastWest Institute. New York , 1999 7.  Hansen L. The foundations of regions: lessons from Europe and Nordic coun­tries // Searching and researching the Baltic Sea region: ...

The article describes changes in the cross-border cooperation support in the framework of the EU Regional Policy. The author emphasises the role of the European Neighbourhood Policy in the development of cross-border cooperation with non-EU countries. The article outlines the main obstacles for the development of euroregions at the EU-Russia border and arrives at the conclusion that their future depends on the success of the Russia-EU integration process in general. 1.   Кузнецов А.   В. Еврорегионы:...

This article focuses on the historic prerequisites and forms of international cooperation in the Baltic region (“Baltic cooperation”). According to the author, Baltic Europe is being formed as a single administrative, economic, cultural and infrastructural area, which could become a new economic and cultural center of Europe. Special emphasis is given to policies and strategies of the EU in the Baltic Sea region. ...

... Bd. 1. Berlin. S. 28—77. Mey, J. L., 2009. Pragmatics: Overview. In: J. L. Mey, ed. Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics . Amsterdam, pp. 787—797. Nerlich, B. and Clarke, D., 1996. Language, Action, And Context: The Early History of Pragmatics In Europe And America, 1780—1930 . Amsterdam; Philadelphia. Nuyts, J., 2001. Epistemic Modality, Language, and Conceptualization: a Cognitive—Pragmatic Perspective. Amsterdam; Philadelphia. Peirce, Ch. S., 1878. How to make our ideas clear. Popular ...

The Kaliningrad region, as a Russian exclave located at the center of the Baltic region, has found itself at the epicenter of geopolitical confrontation between the Russian Federation and the collective West. With the launch of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine, confrontation with NATO, the European Union, and regional states has reached its peak. The geographical position of the Kaliningrad region has generated threats of transport and economic blockade, while simultaneously enhancing its...

The article examines the degree of scholarly development of the problem concerning the influence of the tram network of the city of Königsberg on the spatial development of the urban territory prior to 1945. Based on an analysis of urban studies and transport-related academic publications, including research on other European cities (London, Warsaw, and Bucharest), the key patterns of the integration of tram infrastructure into the system of urban development are identified. The role of tram lines...

The article examines the system of training academic personnel in the history of the Russian state and law at the law faculties of the Russian Abroad in Harbin and Prague in the 1920—1930s. The main sources include case-related documentation from the archives of Russian institutions (State Archive of the Russian Federation, Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, State Archive of the Rostov Region), memoirs, and publications by contemporary emigrant scholars. It is argued that the training system...

The article examines the dynamics of the development of relations between the countries of the Baltic region, the influence of NATO and the United States on them in the conditions of the emerging polycentric world order. The main risks and threats to Russian regional security at the present time are identified, and measures to localize and neutralize them are proposed. The development of the international situation in the Baltic Sea in the medium term is predicted, and the possible consequences of...