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... Lüge / Geismann G., Oberer H. (Hg). Würzburg, 1986. 11. Kim, J.-G. Kants Lügenverbot in sozialethischer Perspektive // Kant-Studien. 2004. Bd. 95. 12. Klemme H. F. Perspektiven der Interpretation: Kant und das Verbot der Lüge // Kant verstehen — Understanding Kant. Über die Interpretation philosophischer: texte / Schönecker D., Zwenger Th. (Hg). Darmstadt, 2001. 13. Korsgaard C. M. The Right to lie: Kant on dealing with evil // Ethical Theory / James Rachels (ed.). New York, 1998. 14. Bien ...

This article analyses, first of all, the epistemological theory of reflection (Abbildtheorie) of Heinrich Rickert, the main representative of the Baden Neo-Kantianism School. The author analyses the key arguments put forward by Rickert against the understanding of cognition as a reflection of reality. Rickert’s standpoint is neutral. He criticises the transcendental theory of reflection, but does not reject the idea of reflection as a model of cognition and acknowledges the immanent theory of ...

... analysis of Kant’s refutation of the ontological argument in his dissertation A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition (Nova dilucidatio). The author explains the importance of the pre-critical argument analysis for the understanding of argumentation presented in the Critique of Pure Reason. The traditional interpretation of the arguments in Nova dilucidatio and related problems are discussed in detail. 1. Гегель Г. В. Ф. Лекции о доказательстве ...

... Kant’s criticism of ontological argument are compared. It is argued that Heidegger’s concept of being as transcendental predicate cannot be identified with Frege’s treatment of existence as a second-order predicate. Furthermore it is shown that the understanding of being as perfection by Aquinas is quite similar to Kant’s concept of being as absolute positing in the via eminentiae perspective. 1. Аверинцев С. С. Бытие как совершенство — красота как ...

The article is devoted to comparison of Kant methodology and the phenomenology, which provide insight into the area of pure consciousness. Divergences in levels of its understanding are marked, disagreements concerning values of reflection and reduction between Kant and Neo-Kantian philosophers and representatives of phenomenology come to light. The analysis of basic concept of phenomenology, «intentionality», is ...

1. Кант И. Критика чистого разума / пер. с нем. Н. О. Лосского. Пг., 1915. 2. Лопатин Л. М. Настоящее и будущее философии // Философские характеристики и речи. М., 1995. С. 81—106. 3. Лосский Н. О. Введение в философию. Ч. 1 : Введение в теорию знания. СПб.,1911. 4. Сеземан В. Э. Теоретическая философия Марбургской школы (с послесловием В. И. Повилайтиса) // Кантовский сборник. 2010. 4 (34). С. 60—79. 5. Cohen H. Rede bei der Gedenkfeier der Universität Marburg zur hundertsten Wiederkehr des...

... Untersuchungen über die Grundfragen der Erkenntniskritik. Berlin). 18. Chisholm, R., 1950, The Theory of Appearing, in: Max black, ed. Philosophical Analysis (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), p. 102—118. 19. Collins, A., 1999, Possible Experience: Understanding Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, University of California Press. 20. Falkenstein, L., 1991, Kant's Account of Intuition, in: Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 165—193. 21. Falkenstein, L., 1995, Kant's Intuitionism: A ...

Postulates play an important role in Kant’s philosophy. Kant’s understanding of this term differs from the previous tradition. For Kant, postulates are originally subjective propositions necessarily supposed as objective ones. Otherwise, the systematic theoretical cognition and compliance with the moral law become ...

1. Асмус В. Ф. Религиозно-философские трактаты Л. Н. Толстого // Толстой Л. Н. Полн. собр. соч. Репринт. воспроизведение изд. 1928—1958 гг. М., 1992. Т. 23. С. V—XXXI. 2. Бердяев Н. А. Русская идея // Вопросы философии. 1990. № 2. С. 87—154. 3. Бердяев Н. А. Новое Средневековье. Размышление о судьбе России и Европы // Философия творчества, культуры и искусства : в 2 т. М., 1994. Т. 1. С. 406—464. 4. Булгаков С. Н. Свет невечерний. М., 1994. 5. Гадамер Х.-Г. Истина и метод. Основы философской герменевтики...

... i ob#ekt znanija [Analytic Work on Kant — Idealism, Things in Themselves, and the Object of Knowledge], in: Kantovsky Sbornik [Kantian Papers]. Vol 36. Issue 2. 4. Hume, D. 1996, Issledovanija o chelovecheskom poznanii [An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]. Essay XII, Part III // Jum D. Sochinenija [Hume D. Works]. In 2 volumes. Vol. 2. Мoscow. 5. Gödel, K. 1992, On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems. Transl. by B. Meltzer. N. Y. 6. Hanna, R. ...

... Leipzig. 19. Leger, J. S. 1962, The ‘Etiamsi daremus’ of Hugo Grotius. A Study in the Origins of International Law, Rom. 20. Locke, J. 1966, Ein Brief über Toleranz, hrsg. von J. Ebbinghaus, Hamburg. 21. Locke, J. 1975, An Essay concerning Human Understanding, ed. by Peter H. Nidditch, Oxford. 22. Ludwig, B. 2001, Auf dem Wege zu einer säkularen Moralwissenschaft: Von Hugo Grotius’ De Jure Belli ac Pacis zu Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, in: Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik, hrsg. von B. Sharon ...

... formal validity is defined as being invariant under substitutions for such terms. According to the second approach (e. g., Richard Billingham, Robert Fland, Ralph Strode, Richard Lavenham), the validity of a formal consequence stems from the formal understanding of the consequent in the consequence’s antecedent. I put forward the hypothesis that in his logical taxo­nomy, Kant attempted to reconcile the substitutional interpretation of formal consequences and a formal analysis of the transcendental ...

This article focuses on the question of what “progress in knowledge” (Fortschritt im Wissen) since the Enlightenment could mean. The answer is rooted in a shift in perspective in our understanding of the Enlightenment, and in an awareness of the gnoseotope at the center of this perspectival shift. Given the fact that human knowledge has always been considered li­mited, the axiom called gnoseotope (from Greek gnōsis: cognition, know­ledge ...

... aimed at alterity and the other; (5) the role of history and especially the history of Judaism in constructing a religion of reason and the developing the concept of Judaism. According to Cohen, thinking is the thinking of first elements. However, he understands the first elements not only as the beginning of any thinking process, but also as the first principle of critical thinking, whereas the ‘first principles’ of critical thinking are the act of questioning. Cohen believes that thinking is ...

... border between philosophy and psychology amid the need for coherent knowledge provoked sharp criticism. The author describes Vvednesky’s position, which can be traced in all of his later works. Its central elements is the need to create a coherent understanding of the world providing answers to all the phenomena of human existence, including those traditionally interpreted as objects of nonscientific knowledge. In the conclusion, the author focuses on the characteristics of Vvedensky’s oeuvre ...

... Schopenhauer’s doctrine of liberating the better consciousness from all the individual and earthly is also rooted in Fichte’s practical philosophy. Fifthly, Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals and Fichte’s System of Ethnics contributed to Schopenhauer’s understanding of will as the primary essence of all things and the idea of its absolute and unconditional nature and its primacy over cognition. Sixthly, some of the key aspects of Schopenhauer’s pessimism are rooted in Fichte’s philosophy. Seventhly,...

..., Pedagogicheskie sochinenija [Pedagogical works], ed. by A. T. Gubko, Moscow, p. 55—124. 29. Stammler, R. 1907, Hoziajstvo i pravo s tochki zrenija materialisticheskogo ponimanija istorii [Economy and right from the point of view of materialistic understanding of history], in 2 vol., St. Petersburg. 30. Sully, J. 1897, Untersuchungen über die Kindheit. Psychologische Abhandlungen für Lehrer und gebildete Eltern, aus dem Englischen übetr. und mit Anmerkungen versehen von J. Stimpfl, Leipzig....

... collection], no. 3 (45), p. 87—102. 6. Golovko, N. V., Zinevich, O. V., Ruzankina, E. A., 2014, «Tret'ya missiya» universiteta i proekt obshchestvennogo ponimaniya nauki: Doklad Bodmera [“Third mission” of the university and the project of public understanding of science: Bodmer Report], Filosofiya obrazovaniya [Philosophy of Education], no. 6, p. 77—93. 7. Dmitrieva, N. A., 2010, Ideya nauki v russkom neokantianstve: neokantianstvo vs. pozitivizm [Idea of science in Russian Neo-Kantianism: ...

... philosophical legacy in the context of the Russian intellectual culture of the 1860—90s. Modern Kant studies just began investigating Strakhov’s oeuvre. One cannot but agree that Strakhov ‘offers a subtle and in-depth interpretation of Kant’s understanding of the subjectivity of thinking (V. A. Zhuchkov). However, the complexity of historical and philosophical interpretation and analysis of Kant’s meanings in Strakhov’s philosophical research lies in the fact that this re-search is hermeneutic ...

... transcendental dialectic (it accounts for more than half of the book) in Kant’s methodology of science and the system of criticism. In the context of traditional epistemological theories, it was an entirely new instalment supplementing these theories and understanding knowledge as a continuous process undergoing scientific revolutions. Constructing synthetic a priori judgements requires leaving the extant knowledge for the realm of possible experience, where reason is faced with antinomies. The author ...

The article focuses on overcoming the superficial approach to Neo-Kantianism: Neo-Kantianism is widely interpreted as a one-sided understanding of Kant’s works, their corruption, and, thus, a dead-end branch of the transcendental philosophy of the great Königsberg thinker. The author also discusses some of the fundamental aspects of divergence between Hermann Cohen’s philosophical ...

... concept expresses relation of substance to its attributes and plays an important role in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. Law is a simple form of unity incorporating an idea of the play of powers, whereas power is a category that makes it possible to understand the supersensible as a realm of laws. This interpretation is inherent in the system of not only theoretical but also practical reason. Freedom is the ‘substance’ of human existence. The unity of freedom is an idea, whose unity is presented ...

... quite a number of studies. Even less in the study will be discussed on the consideration of personal stories. So here it draws attention to the following topics: the nature of thinking and thinking of nature. Conducted by the author analysis allows to understand the main causes of a Cohen’s critical attitude to Spinoza. Spinoza's pantheism, according to Cohen, leads to various unacceptable conse-quences: identification of ethics as metaphysics, which is referred to as an ontology and rests on a false ...

... have been formed already in the middle of 80’s of 18th century. Therewith we can use this lectures notes for the studies of Kant’s moral philosophy too, because of their closeness to the Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals, what can help us to understand some not clear aspects of Kant’s ethical thought. One of such questions is the question of moral motivation, and namely how we can not only know, what we have to do according to the moral law, but also actually want do it? As in his published ...

... Russian phi-losopher’s works on the topic: ‘The problem of idealism in philosophy’, ‘Theoretical philosophy of the Marburg School’, etc. The article focuses on Sesemann’s interest in the concept of the ‘irra¬tional’ and explains his understanding of Neo-Kantianism and the idea of infinity (fieri). Sesemann is interested in the Neo-Kantian aspiration to achieve a systematic unity of knowledge. The concept of one of the editors of the Russian version of the Logos international philosophical ...

... number of important aspects in the genesis of Kant’s practical philosophy. Firstly, this relates to the formation of the Königsberg philosopher’s views on law. However, the lecture notes (especially the introduction) are of equal importance to understanding certain problems of Kant’s ethical concept and interpretation of the connection between ethics and law. An important role is played by the concept of Billigkeit, which is rather difficult to translate into the Russian language and is found ...

... of material existence connected to space but, primarily, a hermeneutic category. It means that, in its very essence, time is not only objective and absolute, but also relative in a hermeneutic rather than Einstein’s sense — time is a function of understanding. In this respect, Donelaitis’s and Kant’s temporologies are similar in terms of personal responsibility for time, which both authors associate with the possibility of freedom. The ‘mystery of freedom’ is a means to combat the ‘mystery ...

This paper deals with the methodological and ontological significance of transcendentalism. The author advocates the understanding of transcendental philosophy as ontology and presents a critique of the interpretation given by David Carr, who attached a merely methodological significance to the concept of the ‘transcendental’. Within this interpretation, this paper ...

... and the modern interpretation of Kant that was called the “two aspects” interpretation (H. Allison). Whereas classical metaphysics interprets knowledge as a relation between the (empirical) subject and the object, the transcendental metaphysics understands "possible experience”(Erfahrung) as a relation between the transcendental subject (transcendental unity of apperception) and the transcendental object. At the same time, unlike contemplative classical metaphysics, Kant’s transcendentalism ...

This article considers the understanding of natural law from the perspective of neo-Kantian legal philosophy of the late 19th/early 20th century and the problem of correlation between changing rules of law and the unchanged form of moral prescriptions.The author focuses on the ...

... science and thus cannot serve as the basis for the whole system of knowledge. It itself requires reconstruction. On the contrary, I. Kant believes that traditional logic is a complete science, which acts as a basis for identifying pure concepts of the understanding. J. Jungius considers the question about the limits of our cognition reflective and forbids posing it in the beginning of research.J. Jungius formulated the basis of German methodological tradition through reorienting theory of science towards ...

... criticises the naturalism of Unlrich’s theory of freedom and stresses the major reason behind its failure, namely, that its author did not distinguish between the theo-retical and practical functions of consciousness. This circumstance complicates that understanding of that the same act can belong to natural determination in one aspect and free determination in another.It is stressed that the review’s methodology is presented in the analysis of the third antinomy of pure reason in “Chapter II: The ...

... his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result in different understandings of freedom — for Nozik it is the basic property of human nature, for Kant it is the result of entering the civil condition; c) the incommensurability of anthropological presuppositions and basic notions distorts the meaning of Kantian ...

... for studying the process of development of the key ideas of Kant’s philosophy. Being an interim variant between The Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reasons, these lectures contain a number of explanations contributing to a better understanding of both Critiques. In particular, this holds true for the postulates of the existence of god and immortality of the soul and their role on Kant’s ethical system. 1. Кант И. Критика практического разума // ...

... paradox. This dilemma helps to formulate the idea of antinomy of political reason, as well as develop its solution based on the notion of clear conscience. The author analyses the notion of clear conscience and uses example to illustrate that an adequate understanding thereof requires consideringKant’s practical philosophy. It is concluded that, unlike the Copernican system of theoretical reason, Kant’s system of practical reasons remains Ptolemaic, where a human is the only centre and constitutive ...

... on this basis, reconstructs his idea of evil. Of special importance is the analysis and criticism of the anthropology-focused study of the sources of good and evil in the work Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. The author sees the key to understanding Kant’s approach to the problem of evil in the differentiation of the levels of the existing and the due in his theory. The article has the following structure: first, the author emphasis that, for Kant, evil is a practical moral phenomenon ...

... the essence of constitutionalism, supremacy of law, and constitutional state lack philosophical depth and consideration of the sources of these phenomena. Without a philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of law, lawyers will be able to neither understand Kant’s “idealism”, nor explain the connection between this idealism and legal practice. The article presents two strategies corresponding to the spirit of Kant’s constitutional state in the modern Russian conditions: the principle of ...

This article attempts, on the one hand, to inscribe the works of the Russian philosopher Hessen into the Neo-Kantian tradition and, on the other hand, to emphasise the originality of his philosophical position in the framework of Neo-Kantianism. The author identifies two important aspects in the analysis of the Russian thinker’s works: his attention to the philosophical practice and the evolution of his philosophical views towards Platonism. As to the problem of philosophical practice, when analyzing...

... of pure theoretical reason. Of course, it is implied in the text: Kant’s reasoning is based on it and takes it into account. However, it is not explicitly expressed. Instead of this crucial structural element, which would significantly simplify the understanding of such a complicated treatise, the Critique of Pure Reason presents the system of antinomies of the cosmological idea of pure reason. However, these phenomena are not identical — there is a great difference between the antinomy of pure ...

... культуре // Кантовский сборник. 2012. № 1 (39). С. 45—54. 10. Патлач А. И. Философия языка Х.-Г. Гадамера : дис. … канд. филос. наук. М.,2011. 11. Arthos J. The fullness of understanding: the career of the inner word in Gadamer scholarship // Philosophy Today. № 55.2. 12. Bruns Gerald L. The remembrance of language: an introduction to Gadamer’s poetics// Gadamer on Celan. Who am I and Who are You? and other essays. ...

... one of the chief proponents of political liberalism. However, some of his important ideas can qualify as conservative. Their consequences are reaching far enough to sug¬gest a reevaluation of Kant as an unconditional liberal. Kant's generally liberal understanding of aims and values of a political process (which is, however, quite remote from the pluralism and individualism of some contemporary theories) is balanced by his reservations concerning the prospects of their realization, based on his «empirical ...

... intelligible character of human causation and freedom as a miracle of phenomenal world (as they are called in Rosenzweig’s reception of Kant) make it possible to guarantee an autonomous dimension of a human being that relates to the essence and is understandable for oneself, in other words, resistant to any claims of idealistic philosophy.The author believes that Rosenzweig arrives at the conclusion that nothing can be known about a human just as nothing can be known about god.An analysis of general ...

... Witgenstein und der Wiener Kreis / ed. by B. F. McGuinness. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1967. In English: Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle. Ed. by McGuinness B. F. Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1979. 31. Wright von, 1971: Wright von G. H. Explanation and Understanding. L. : Routledge, Kegan Paul, 1971. 32. Wright von, 1989: The Philosophy of Georg Henrik von Wright / ed. by L. Hahn, P. A. Schilpp The Library of Living Philosophers. Chicago : Open Court, 1989. 33. Cultural Relativism and Philosophy / ...

... devoted to the contemporary discussions about the history of analytic philosophy, the criteria of its distinguishing as a philosophical movement and its present status. It is emphasized that its ambivalent attitude to Kant’s philosophy is important for understanding the character of analytic philosophy. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Логика Канта и метафизика Стросона // Кантовский сборник. 2011. Вып. 3. С. 7—17. 2. Вригт Г. Х. фон. Аналитическая ...

... and McGuinness B. F. Stuttgart, 1976. 30. Witgenstein und der Wiener Kreis / ed. by McGuinness B. F. Frankfurt am Main, 1967. In English: Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle / ed. by McGuinness B. F. Oxford, 1979. 31. Wright von G. H. Explanation and Understanding. L. : Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971. 32. The Philosophy of Georg Henrik von Wright / ed. by Hahn L. and Schilpp P. A. // The Library of Living Philosophers. Chicago, 1989. 33. Cultural Relativism and Philosophy / ed. by Dascal M. Leiden,...

... philosopher of law upon a false trail, cannot provide a real solution of the problem. The naturalistic premise, in consequence of which the meaning of love is conceived in terms of pleasure, perpetuates the Roman contractualism in matrimonial law by understanding marriage as an external relation of persons, and prepares the soil for the seeds of a nihilistic philosophy of marriage and family. Kant's opinions about the reasons of inacceptability of false and, as a matter of fact, contractually based ...

... research was the “Psychological Atmosphere in the Group Scale” (F. Fiedler’s scale adapted by Yu. L. Khanin) with the inclusion of open-ended questions to assess participants’ attitudes toward inclusion in the university. The study aimed to understand how students evaluate the positive and negative effects of joint learning with students with psychophysical development peculiarities. Based on the results, the conclusion is drawn that the nosological ca­tegory of students with limited abilities ...

... well as the reasons for such changes. The paper also studies the trends in the selection of names, identifies the criteria for a fashionable name and lists the popular names of the current time. The meaning of the name turns out to be significant to understanding the female linguistic personality.

The article discusses the specifics of connection between codependency and young women’s understanding of abusive, romantic and marital relationships and clarifies the specific judgments about violent behavior in partnerships among women with high codependency. The study relies on 110 responses from women aged from 19 to 30. The free associations ...