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... Hopkins University Press. Marinetti, F. T., 1915. Guerra sola igiene del mondo. Milano. Marinetti, F. T., 1914. Sintesi futurista della guerra. Nilano. Marinetti, F. T. Teoria e invenzione futurista. Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. McLuhan, M., 1964. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. Mentor, New York. Nancy, J.-L., 2000. War, Right, Sovereignty — Techne. In: N. Jean-Luc, ed. Being Singular Plural. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Pêcheux, M., 1982. Language, Semantics, and Ideology....

... role of the conscious part of the psyche abiding behind the momen­tary consciousness. Although the narrative is evidently about a mental illness, a split person­ality in the state of psychosis, it still structures past events and their analytical understand­ing, leading to their strictly individual perception. Kononov, N., 2012. Source of injuries. In: N. Kononov, ed. Saratov: rasskazy [Sara­tov: stories]. Moscow (in Russ.). Konstantinov, A. V., 2007. The archetypes of transformation in ...

... edition. Available at: http://www . sigcis. org/files/SIGCISMC2010_001.pdf [accessed 14 May 2019]. Manovich, L., 2013. Software Takes Command. New York: Bloomsbury. Manovich, L., 2018. AI Aesthetics. Moscow/London: Strelka Press. Miller, V., 2011. Understanding Digital Culture. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Mosco, V., 2017. Becoming Digital. Toward a Post-Internet Society. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Ltd. O’Brien, S., Balling, L. W., Carl, M., Simard, M. and Specia, L. eds., 2014. Post-editing ...

... Pragmatics of What is Said. Mind and Language, 4, pp. 295—329. Anon, 2004. Literal Meaning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Saka, P., 2007. How to Think About Meaning. Dordrecht: Springer. Traxler, M., 2011. Introduction to Psycholinguistics: understanding language science. Boston: Wiley-Blackwell. Tuggy, D., 1993. Ambiguity, Polysemy and Vagueness. Cognitive Linguistics, 4, pp. 273—290. Zabotkina, V. and Boyarskaya, E., 2017. On the Challenge of Polysemy in Con­tem­porary Cognitive Research: ...

... philosophy appears not so much a single, monolithic, and strictly ordered system as a ‘system of systems’ that are interrelated, interconnected, and reminiscent of Ludwig Wittgenstein's ‘family of language games’. Philosophy is a universal, ultimate understanding of the world, society, human beings, and their self-determination in this rea­lity. In this interpretation, being in itself appears as a text. Philosophizing as such is reali­zed in various forms of textualization, which are the focus ...

... praktika [Pedagogue: Science, technology, practice], 2 (7), pp. 58—62 (in Russ.). Moskal’chuk, G., Manakov, N., 2014. Forma teksta kak mnogourovnevyi konstrukt [The form of text as a multi-level construct]. In: Znanie. Ponimanie. Umenie [Know­ledge. Understanding. Skill]. № 4. pp. 291—302. Available at: http://www.zpu-jour nal.ru/zpu/contents/2014/4/Moskalchuk_Manakov_Multilayer-Construction/ [Ac­cessed 2 May 2019]. Merlo-Ponti, M., 1999. Fenomenologiya vospriyatiya [The phenomenology of per­ception]....

... Priemy — Tekst [Works on the poetics of expressiveness: Invariants — Theme — Receptions — Text]. Moscow: Progress (in Russ.). Il‘in, M. V., 2018. Image, appearance, eidos, figure, pattern. How do words help to recognize images, feel them, understand meanings and meanings? Slovo.ru: the Baltic accent, 9(2), pp. 6—20 (in Russ.). Kovalev, O. A., Negreeva, A. D., 2013. The plot and rhythm in the lyrics of Brod­sky: to the question of the relationship between semantics and the rhythmic structure ...

..., 1980. The Intentionality of Intention and Action. Сognitive Science, 4, pp. 47—70. Searle, J. R., 1995. The Construction of Social Reality. N. Y., The Free Press. A Divi­si­on of Simon & Schuster Inc. Wright, G.-H. von., 1971. Explanation and Understanding. Ithaca (N. Y.): Cornell University Press.

... literature, art, politics, law, etc.) can be considered as semantic ensembles consisted from meaningful actions. The concept of “meaning” is fundamental not only in linguistics amd semiotics, but also in M. Weber's theory: thesubject of sociology is the understanding of “the meaning of behavior”. Based on the Weber’s definitions and their possible modification, we suggest the transdisciplinary synthesis around the study of the problem of meanings and their manifestation. Meaning production is understood ...

....ru/docs/sociologia/html/parsons_modern_soc_systems.html [Accessed 05 March 2018]. Samoilova, E. O., 2012. Semiotic and ontological aspects of the phenomenon of “cosplay”. In: Ponimanie i refleksiya v kommunikatsii, kul'ture i obrazovanii. Materialy nauchnoi konferentsii [Understanding and reflection in communication, culture and education. Proceedings of the scientific conference]. Tver, pp. 165—171 (in Russ.). Chernikova, P. G., 2013. The paradox of transcendental in popular culture. Obshchestvo, sreda, razvitie [Society,...

... air quality, space) as well in the broader sense of the role of translation and translators in the economy and society as a whole can also influence the process. Viewing translation from an ergonomic perspective can provide an appropriate framework to understand the impact of such factors on the demanding bilingual activity that translators engage in. Because their work requires close attention and concentration, translators have to exert energy and ultimately cognitive resources to compensate for ...

... González Núñez, Y. Khaled and T. Voinova, eds. Emerging Research in Translation Studies: Selected Papers of the Cetra Research Summer School 2012. pp. 1—17. Tesseur, W., 2014a. Institutional Multilingualism in Ngos: Amnesty International's Strategic Understanding of Multilingualism. Meta: Translators' Journal, 59(3), pp. 557—577. 10.7202/1028657ar. Tesseur, W., 2014b. Transformation through Translation: Translation Policies at Amnesty International. Ph. D. Aston University. Tian, D. and Chao, C....

The article explores the process of image recognition. The author analyses everyday language to identify correlattions between cognitive patterns of the image and a set of alternative etymons and cognitive patterns in Russian and other languages — Greek, Latin, English, German. Links between them form a vast conceptual space associated with image recognition. The author proposes a pattern of image recognition, which is, in its simplified form, unfolding from a quantum automaton, to its "saturation"...

... and even non-existent entities. This makes it possible to consider a sign as not only a discrete and symbolic phenomenon based on an arbitrary connection between the signified and the signifier. Alternative semiotics can be based on Wittgenstein’s understanding of a sign as a picture, a holistic structure of non-discrete components and a system, which is not construed from given components. It is a system, which forms intra- and intertextual structures. In this way, it will be possible to describe ...

... soteriological aspect does not diminish the significance of other factors determining the iconography of the murals, i. e. the architectural design, the dedication of the Cathedral, liturgical aspects etc. On the contrary, it contributes to a deeper understanding of such aspects. 1. Arkhimandrit Ioann (Krest'yankin), 1994. Propovedi 1973—1994 godov [Sermons of 1973—1994]. Pskov. Vol. 2. 2. Gubareva, O. V., 2013. Rozhdestvo Khristovo [Nativity]. St. Petersburg. 3. Davidova, A. G., 2015. The ...

... identity, but also for the position and role of the country in the world and its international policy. The aim of the reviewed issue is to promote exchange ideas among scientists whose research in various scientific disciplines contributes to a deeper understanding of Russia and the formation of its image in national and intercultural communication. The issue provides a multidimensional coverage of various theoretical and practical aspects of the image-making from the perspective of the theory of communication,...

... cultural field of the metaphysical concept “Soul” and its comparative analysis]. Available at: http://ysu.am/files/Narine-Dusha.pdf [Accessed 22 February 2017]. 3. Vezhbitskaya, A., 2001. Ponimanie kul’tur cherez posredstvo klyuchevykh slov [Understanding cultures through the use of keywords]. Moscow. 4. Vezhbitskaya, A., 1993. Semantics, culture and cognition: universal concepts in culturally specific contexts. THESIS, 3, pp. 185—285. 5. Kolesov, V. V., 2004. Mentality and the word. Ways ...

... 1999. Tekstologiya slavyanskoi Biblii [Textology of the Slavic Bible]. St. Petersbourg (in Russ.). Bahtina, O. N., 1999. Staroobryadcheskaya literatura i traditsii khristianskogo ponimaniya slova [Old Believer literature and traditions of Christian understanding of the word]. Tomsk (in Russ.). Bibliya, sirech' knigi svyashchennogo pisaniya Vetkhogo i Novogo zaveta s parallel'nymi mestami [The Bible, the books of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments with parallel places], 1900. St. Petersburg ...

... Ivanov’s novel In a Besieged City, which was inspired by the author’s battlefield memories. Yu. N. Ivanov pictures the city as he saw it in April 1945. It is shown how descriptions of the works of architecture and art contribute to the artistic understanding of the history of Königsberg. The literary text based on what the author saw and experienced helps him to not only immerse himself in the past and relive it but also rewrite the past and change it to fit his concept of it. 1. Gosudarstvennyi ...

... the concept of translation transforms. The differences between the above-mentioned schools relate to the way translation is perceived; they also show which cognitive operations or procedures each linguistic paradigm identifies as priority ones. The understanding of translation corresponds to different cognitive operations — shared knowledge is important for structuralism, perspectivisation is relevant to cross-cultural studies, and blending is crucial for cultural transfer studies. 1. Dem'yankov ...

... sense in the procedure of communication per se rather than in reflecting reality or conveying thoughts; 5) when perceiving a written text, the reader’s consciousness constantly interprets a single communicative action and this makes a not-procedural understanding of a text ineffective. In dynamic terms, discourse represents a recognized situation of a given communicative action or a flexible system of parameters that is constantly recreated and updated to ensure the correct interpretation of a semiotic ...

... public space as the only realm where political discourse is produced legitimately. Another focus is the current ‘conflict of interpretations’ in regard to the markers and symbols of political language. To identify the metamorphoses of PD and to understand their genesis, the author investigates the main features of and transformations in the cognitive mechanism of PD and traces the emergence of the isomorphism of semiotic systems characteristic of politics/authorities and mass culture. These ...

... publications on the most important developments in England’s foreign and domestic policy. Special attention is paid to the articles in the Messenger of Europe concerning various aspects of Britan’s struggle against Napoleonic France. Those articles help to understand what N. Karamzin deemed worthwhile to inform the readers about. 1. Вестник Европы. 1802. № 1. 2. Вестник Европы. 1802, № 3. 3. Вестник Европы. 1802. № 7. 4. Вестник Европы. 1802....

... hagiography as an ecclesiastical genre and a form of the Sacred Tradition, the author addresses the analysis methodology and proposes to combine the principles of hagiology and literary and philological research on hagiographic texts. The primary focus is on understanding the category of hagiographic topoi, which is linked to the concept of literary etiquette. This concept is examined from a polemic standpoint since it does not fully conform to the genesis and function of hagiographic topoi. It is concluded ...

... of phonological processes and rules of syntax, which helps to identify fundamental cognitive factors leading to the possibility of anagrams. These are the transcendence of temporal linear organisation of discursive formation and their comprehensive understanding at deep levels of human mentality. 1. Арутюнова Н. Д., Толстая С. М. От редактора // Логический анализ языка. Язык и время. М., 1997. С. 5—16. 2. Берестнев Г....

This article analyses attitudes relevant to dream interpretation according to Fromm. The central element is understanding the image of a dream as a symbol common to both the realm of dreams and culture in general. The key mechanism of symbol formation is cultural- associative, which is a function of human rational thinking. It is suggested that images of dreams ...

... 1990. P. 52—65. 18. Cowley S. J. Bridges to history: biomechanical constraints in language // In¬tegrational linguistics and history. London, 2006. Р. 200—223. 19. Maturana H., Varela F. The Tree of Knowledge — The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston, 1987. 20. Spurrett D., Cowley S. J. How to do things without words // Language Sci¬ences. 2004. Vol. 26, N 5. P. 443—466.

This article considers the temporal constants of the holiday of Christmas in I. S. Shmelev’s novel The Summer of the Lord. The key to understanding the verbal image of a holiday is the lines based on Christmas chants. An analysis of lexical and grammatical means of expressing temporal semantics shows that the past and the eternally present amalgamate in the description of a holiday: ...

... many values cannot be divided into ‘ours’ and ‘theirs’. The article analyses the increasing interest in Russian culture in Lithuania, as well as the motivation for learning the Russian language, which can be explained by the desire to learn and understand Russian culture, read a book, watch a move or a play, feel a poem, etc. It is stated that a certain motivation for learning the Russian language can be the increasing interest in the works of F. M. Dostoyevsky. 1. Анненский И. Книга ...

... setups. It is stressed that studying folk tales gives foreign students an idea of the culture of Russian people, their fundamental features and values, and contributes to the development of a cultural linguistic competence, which helps ensure mutual understanding with representatives of another culture. 1. Караулов Ю. И. Русский язык и языковая личность. М., 1987. 2. Леви-Стросс К. Структурная антропология. М., 2001. 3....

The most vivid characteristics of a person capable of having ‘prophetic’ dreams are identified on an analytical basis. The authors consider such aspects as the dreamer’s gender, age, ability of semantic development of dreams, and ability to understand their prophetic nature. The combination of these parameters comprises the portrait of a dreamer. 1. Берестнев Г. И. Слово, язык и за их пределами. Калининград, 2007. 2. Витгенштейн ...

... G. W., 1840. God. Guil. Leibnitii Opera Philosophica quae exstant Latina Gallica Germanica omnia. Pars prior et altera. Edited by J. E. Erdmann. Berolini: Sumtibus G. Eighleri. Locke, J., 1898. Opyt o chelovecheskom razume [An Essay Concerning Human Understanding]. Translated in Russian by A. N. Savin. Moscow: Typ-lit. t-va I. N. Kushnereva. (In Rus.) Plato, 2005. Phaedo. In: Plato, 2005. Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus. Translated by H. N. Fowler, Introduction by W. R. M. Lamb. Cambridge,...

... transcendental philosophy from the viewpoint of programmatic metaphilosophy. The first part discusses programmatics as a distinct subsection of metaphilosophy. I argue that Kant’s architectonic methodology and the methodology of Lakatos can be used to understand the inception, development and degradation of philosophical systems. In the second part I look at the project of transcendental philosophy and the stages of its development from the standpoint of architectonics. The third part shows that Lakatos’s ...

... international conference “Kantian Rationality in Philosophy of Science” was held on 9–11 October 2020 at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU) in Kaliningrad. Fifteen participants from different countries discussed aspects of the Kantian understanding of science and the roles of reason in it: the unity, difference, and systematicity of the functions of reason in science, as they are revealed in Kant’s discussions of criteria of scientificity, the classification of sciences, or methods ...

... Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God (1763), in which Kant explicitly addressed the question of being for the first time. Heidegger focuses on the transcendental power of imagination not only as the “common root” of sensibility and understanding, but also as the fundamental faculty of ontological cognition. He links it with the phenomenon of time, arguing that the object of knowledge as such is also linked with this phenomenon. True, for Heidegger what matters is not a singular ...

... of the subject” and the “transcendentalism of the medium.” The transcendentalism of the subject assigns a central role to the faculties of the cognising subject (according to Kant, cognition is not the conforming of a subject’s intuitions and understanding to objects, but rather the application of a subject’s cognitive faculties to them). The transcendentalism of the medium assigns the role of an “active” element neither to the external world nor to the faculties of the cognising subject,...

... Filosofiya kak naukouchenie. Genezis nauchnogo metoda v trudakh J. G. Fichte [Philosophy as a Science. The Genesis of the Scientific Method in the Works of J. G. Fichte]. St. Petersburg: Vladimir Dal. (In Rus.) Locke, J., 2013. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Edited by P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Oxford Scholarly Editions Online. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780198243861.book.1. Rorty, R., 1984. The Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres. In: R. Rorty, J. B. Schneewind and Q....

... consciousness during early childhood, and Rubinstein’s position on this issue is closer to the position of Natorp than to that of Hessen. Furthermore, I examine the differences in the views of the Russian Neo-Kantians on play as an activity crucial for the understanding of human childhood. According to Hessen, play is anomic, whereas Rubinstein sees it as a collaborative activity that can engender respect for other people and their rights, i.e., to legal consciousness. In conclusion, I address Hessen’s ...

... ascribed to the transcendental subject is sometimes that of a thing-in-itself and sometimes that of a “mere” idea. Finally, Kant’s transcendental subject was sometimes seen as something to be overcome and sometimes as an infinite challenge to understanding. Azeri, S., 2010. Transcendental Subject vs. Empirical Self: on Kant’s Account of Subjectivity. Filozofia, 65(3), pp. 269-283. Baumann, Ch., 2017. Kant, Neo-Kantians, and Transcendental Subjectivity. European Journal of Philosophy, ...

The cultural movement known as “humanism” has unfortunately not received a clear and careful definition. Historians and philosophers have lumped together their various understandings of outlooks that stress the value and importance of human life under the collective term “humanism.” This essay sets out to contrast, in particular, three types of humanism, all of which attracted attention at overlapping times in Imperial ...

... section (I), I show what Kant means by the architectonic ideas by explaining and interrelating the concepts of (a) the faculty of reason, (b) ideas (as principles), (c) method, and (d) sciences of reason. Thereafter (II), I think through his holistic understanding of science and scientific progress and suggest differentiating between four levels of use of architectonic ideas, drawing on the metaphor of a well-structured universe as imagined by Kant in his work on the Universal Natural History and ...

... Kantian text are within square brackets. When the meaning of a word is translated in a form that departs from the original meaning due to context the Latin original is attached within round brackets in the grammatical form used by Kant. To facilitate understanding, long compound sentences of the Kantian text are sometimes broken up into several simple sentences. The structure of the text and title page format have been preserved. The translator would like to express sincere gratitude to Alexei N. ...

... Ringparabel des Nathan. Euphorion. Zeitschrift für Literaturgeschichte, 77, S. 113-126. Vollhardt, F., 2013. Aufklärerische Religionskritik und historische Reflexion im Werk G. E. Lessings. In: H. Feger, Hg. 2013. The Fate of Reason. Contemporary Understanding of Enlightenment. Würzburg: Könighausen & Neumann, S. 85-93. Vorländer, K., 1977. Immanuel Kant. Der Mann und das Werk. 2., erweiterte Auflage. Mit einem Beitrag „Kants Opus postumum“ von W. Ritzel. [2 Bände in einem Band]. Unter ...

... position is essentially incapable of delivering a pure and higher moral doctrine. I examine the substance of these critical arguments in the context of his later metaphysics. Fichte maintains that in the “second type” of worldview man himself feels and understands, respects and loves himself only as a subject of unconditional law, therefore the pathos and “affection of law” pervades all his assessments and motivations. This affects the impartiality of moral assessment if the requirements of the ...

... asynchronicity by taking central pre-critical writings into account while discussing Kant’s concept of space and gravity. This sharpens the picture of Kant’s work and the different stages his philosophy of nature went through. Further, it helps to understand the influence of Euler on Kant’s development in natural philosophy and his critical philosophy in general, as Kant under the influence of Euler formed deeper-going reflections on Newton’s theory of space and these mark turning points of ...

... translated by H. B. Nisbet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 54-60. Kharitonova, А. М., 2016. Medical Anthropology in the 18th Century and Development of Anthropology Discipline. Voprosy Filosofii, 6, pp. 96-106. Kharitonova, А. М., 2016. Understanding the Human Body in the German-speaking Philosophy of the 18th Century. In: Blauberg, I. I., Chickina, A. A., eds. 2016. Tema “zhivogo tela” v istorii filosofii [Theme of the “Living Body” in the History of Philosophy]: Proceedings ...

... Smith, C. U. M., 1991. Kant and Darwin. Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 14(1), pp. 35-50. Strawson, P. F., 1966. The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. London and New York: Routledge. Toulmin, S., 1972. Human Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Van Cleve, J., 1999. Problems from Kant. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press.

... the nineteenth century. We show that he used Kant’s autonomy principle to argue against the idea that religious dogmatism is a fundament of morality. We prove this thesis by focusing on the forgotten historical background, which is important for an understanding of Morals und Dogma. Originally this essay was an expert opinion for the court case of the socialist H. Tauschinski who was accused of blasphemy. Tauschinski wrote an article in which he doubted the immortality of the soul and the existence ...

... Wien, 1949—1957. 23. Hamann J. G. Briefwechsel. Bd. 1 — 3 / hrsg. von W. Ziesemer, A. Henkel. Wies­baden, 1955—1957; Bd. 4 — 7 / hrsg. von A. Henkel. Wiesbaden, 1959; Frankfurt am Main, 1965—1979. 24. Hume D. Enquires concerning the human understanding and concerning the prin­ciples of morals / ed. by L. A. Selby-Bigge. Oxford, 1951. 25. Roth F. Hamanns Schriften. 8 Bde. Berlin, 1821—1843.