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This article focuses on the issues of post-WWII economic restoration effort in the Soviet Lithuania. German occupation of the republic caused significant damage to its industry and agriculture. Pre-war Lithuania was an agrarian state aspiring to embark on an industrial-agrarian path of development. After the war, this aspiration did not only persist,...

This article examines policies of Moscow and Brussels in the Baltics since the launch of the European Union’s Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region in June 2009. An increase in the efficiency of Russia’s policy in the region requires not only the development of bilateral relations with the region’s countries but also a dialogue with the European Union, the key player in the Baltic. The author identifies Russian economic, military, political, and humanitarian interests in the region, and describes the...

This article examines cooperation in the electric energy sector in the Baltic region. The author explores the existing undersea HVDC power exchange projects. It is emphasised that cooperation in the electric energy sector is concentrated largely in the EU member states despite earlier plans to establish the Baltic energy ring, which would also include Russia and Belarus. The author stresses that one of the most acute problems for the EU today is overcoming isolation of the energy systems of the Baltic...

This article discusses the complicated diplomatic relations between Lithuania and Germany in 1938—1939 on the basis of archive documents and historical studies. The author identifies the methods used by the Germans in the Klaipėda region in order to destroy the system established by the Treaty of Versailles, propagate national socialist ideas among the population, and spread a positive attitude to the restoration of the region as a part of the German Reich....

After the German reunification the agricultural development of eastern territories seemed to have picked up its pace. Yet the main problems those territories are facing today hatched already in the mid-1990s. In our study we address the problems and challenges ...

... Passive Voice constructions in the modern advertising. The author analyses the use of various types of Passive and explores other forms of speech when it becomes possible to convey the Voice relations. The research has been conducted on the basis of the German advertising texts. 1. Арутюнова Н. Д. Предложение и его смысл. М., 1992. 2. Коммерческий словарь/ под общ. ред. А. Н. Арзилияна. М., 1992. 3. Bendel S. Werbeanzeigen von ...

The article analyzes the final plays from the surviving repertoire of the Neues Schauspielhaus (New Dramatic Theater) in Königsberg, staged in April 1944, four months before the destruction of the city’s historic center due to Anglo-American bombing. The aim of the study is to identify the specifics of the theater’s dramaturgical repertoire selection during the Nazi era in a frontline city, in the context of its historical fate. The plays of Hermann Sudermann — “Teya,” “Fritzchen,” and “The Last...

A commented translation of a short but substantive correspondence of 1923 between Kusling, Chief Inspector of the dams of the Memel Delta, R. I. Detlefsen, Conservator of His­torical and Cultural Monuments of East Prussia, and W. Sch?nichen, Director of the State Commission for the Protection of Natural Monuments in Prussia, is published. The corre­spondence discusses the need to protect an untouched area of wilderness in the north-west of East Prussia, which received the unofficial name “Staldzen...

... significant differences in the specifics of the historical memory of generational groups were revealed. Differences were found in the degree of their interest in the periods of the history of the region. The younger generations are mainly interested in the German period, while the older ones, along with it, are also interested in the Soviet period. The consequence of this is that among the younger generations (especially among generation Z) there is a markedly higher support for the idea of restoring dilapidated ...

... comparative-historical, typological and diachronous-synchronous methods were re­sear­ched both written sources and funds from the Old Prussian necropolis. It allows to define that Old Prus­sians expressed their loyalty by the reception of Middle High German language, Chris­tian names and symbols and sign of Teutonic order. Being included in the culture of Old Prussians these elements co-existed with traditional names, language and principle of heathen fu­ne­ral rite. The resulting co-existence ...

The tourism geography currently uses a variety of approaches to analyze tourist flows. The purpose of the study is to identify geographical features in the distribution of inbound tourist flows in the Benelux countries, using various approaches to data aggregation and visualization. The study is based on the national tourism statistics of the Benelux countries. Five leading countries in terms of the volume of inbound tourist flow in this region are considered: France, Germany, the United Kingdom...

The article traces the history of one of the oldest elite educational institutions in Königsberg — the Löbenicht Real Gymnasium, which was attended by engineers, bankers, architects, administrators and others famous in Königsberg and beyond. The evolution of the status of the gymnasium is traced, starting from the parochial school of Löbenicht to the leading real gymnasium in East Prussia, which was attended not only by the inhabitants of the region, but also by other countries, including Russia...

... interaction between the militia and party administration in the Kaliningrad region during the post-war period. The study covers the time from the establishment of militia authorities in the region in 1946 to the completion of the deportation of the German population in 1948. The research primarily employs general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, and induction. The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the specific features of the formation of the domestic law enforcement ...

... inter-discursive character, determining a complex, poly­valent translational process. This study, based on the author’s extensive translation experi­ence, focuses on horticultural discourse in two non-cognate linguistic and cultural environ­ments (Russian and German), with the research subject being the discursive and translational features of this discourse. The goal and research tasks are centered on identifying the features of the poly-discursive nature of specialized translational discourse (using horticultural ...

Dlugach, T. B., 1986a. Denis Diderot. Second Edition. M.: Mysl‘. (In Rus.) Dlugach, T. B., 1986b. Problema edinstva teorii i praktiki v nemetskoy klassicheskoy filosofii (I. Kant i J.G. Fikhte) [The Problem of the Unity of Theory and Practice in German Classical Philosophy (I. Kant and J. G. Fichte)]. M.: Nauka. (In Rus.) Dlugach, T. B., 2006. Tri portreta epokhi Prosveshche­niya. Monteskye. Volter. Russo (ot kontseptsii prosveshchennogo absolyutizma k teoriyam grazhdanskogo obshchestva) [Three ...

... Rus.) Harman, G., 2020. Spekulyativnyy realizm: vvedeniye [Speculative Realism: Introduction]. Moscow: Ripol-klassik. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 2001. Critique of Judgment. In: I. Kant, 2001. Sochineniya na russkom i nemetskom yazykakh [Work in Russian and German]. Volume 4. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 68-833. (In Rus.) Kerslake, C., 2020. Grounding Deleuze. Logos, 4(137), pp. 89-108. (In Rus.) Land, N., 2018. Kibergotika [Cybergothic]. Perm: Hyle Press. (In Rus.) Lord, B., 2012. Deleuze and Kant. Cambridge: Cambridge ...

... individual person and collective units as interacting sides of the collective social subject. He sought to overcome the struggle between individualism and collectivism which found its ideological expression in the rivalry of the French (Emile Durkheim) and German (Max Weber) schools of sociology. Gurvitch formulated the concept of society as dynamic interaction and mutual determination of the individual and collective unit. In his Russian-language works, written before his emigration, he maintained that ...

... Activity of N. N. Strakhov. Obrazovanie [Education], 3, sec. 2, pp. 1-8. (In Rus.) Windelband, W., 1895. Filosofiya Kanta: (Iz istorii novoj filosofii Windelbanda) [Philosophy of Kant: (From the History of Windelband’s New Philosophy)]. Translated from German by N. Platonov, Introduction by A. I. Vvedensky. St. Petersburg: Tip. I. N. Skorokhodova. (In Rus.) Kant, Nikolay Strakhov, critical thinking, epistemology, the sphere of conversation 69-85 10.5922/0207-6918-2023-4-4

... Philosophie in weltbürgerlicher Absicht: Akten des XI. Kant-Kongresses 2010. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110246490 . Illetterati, L. and Miolli, G., eds. 2022. The Relevance of Hegel’s Concept of Philosophy: From Classical German Philosophy to Contemporary Metaphilosophy. London, New York & Dublin: Bloomsbury Academic. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited and translated by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cam­bridge University Press. Kant, I., 1996. The Metaphysics ...

According to several passages in the available sources, Kant developed some ideas about the difference between being persuaded and being convinced which have antecedents in the German tradition, but with regard to which he developed ideas of his own. It is my intention to examine precisely some of these passages. I will explain how the philosopher understood this difference, what its relevance is and why the figure of the other ...

... Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. Translated and edited by G. Hatfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kuznetsova, I. S., 1980. On the Specifics of Mathematical Concepts. Kantian Journal, 5, pp. 28-38. (In Rus.) Legchilin, A. A., 2019. German Philosophy in the Intellectual Culture of the North-Western Territory of the Russian Empire: a Historiographic Review In: T. S. Suprankova, ed. 2019. Natsional’nyye kul’tury v mezhkul’turnoy kommunikatsii (Novaya paradigma okhrany kul’turnogo ...

... ABRIS-KNIGA, 1993. (In Rus.) Frank, S. L., 1995. Predmet znaniya [The Object of Knowledge]. In: S. L. Frank, 1995. Predmet znaniya. Dusha cheloveka [The Object of Knowledge. Man’s Soul]. St. Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 37-416. (In Rus.) Frank, S. L., 2006. German Idealism: From Kant to Schopenhauer. Lectures, 1910/1911. In: S. L. Frank, 2006. Saratovskij tekst [Saratov Text]. Saratov: Saratov University Press, pp. 112-168. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 1992. The Jäsche Logic. In: I. Kant, 1992. Lectures on Logic....

... Fate of the Present Tense Form of “BE” in the Mirror of Old Russian Texts. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 9. Philology, 5, pp. 55—72 (in Russ.). Smirnitskaya, O. A., 1994. Stikh i yazyk drevnegermanskoi poezii [The Verse and Lan­guage of Old Germanic Poetry]. Moscow (in Russ.). Stepanov, Yu. S., 1994. Word. From an Entry for the Dictionary (“Conceptuary”) of Russian Cultural Concepts. Philologica, 1 (1—2), pp. 11—31 (in Russ.). Stepanov, Yu. S., 1998. Yazyk i metod. K sovremennoi ...

... 394/2412-9410-2019-5-4-239-259 (in Russ.). Volkova, M. V., 2011. Zagadka i krossvord kak tipy teksta: semanticheskii i pragma­ti­cheskii aspekty (na materiale nemetskogo yazyka) [Riddle and crossword as text types: semantic and pragmatic aspects (based on the material of the German language)]. PhD thesis. Smolensk (in Russ.). Zakharenko, I. V. and Krasnykh, V. V., 1998. Russian cognitive base and Russian cultural space in the mirror of crossword. In: Yazyk, soznanie, kommunikatsiya: sbornik statei [Language, consciousness,...

... 1924 as a pretext, Sergey Hessen, a Russian émigré neo­Kantian, draws no direct political conclusions but sets forth a view of the great philosopher’s legacy from the position of a “legal socialist”, selecting from his heritage those parts of German socialist doctrines that to his mind experienced a departure from a recent flowering of Kantian ideas in Neo­Kantianism and the collapse of traditional liberalism in the wake of the First World War. The fact that the text was first published in ...

... Kharitonova and L. E. Kryshtop, edited by A. N. Krouglov. Moscow: Canon+, 2022, pp. 83-86. (In Rus.) Kovač, S., 2020. Logical Foundations and Kant’s Principles of Formal Logic. History and Philosophy of Logic, 41(1), pp. 48-70. Krouglov, A. N., 2022. “German Logic” by Christian Wolff. In: I. Kant, 2022. The Vienna Logic. Moscow: Canon+, pp. 30-48. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2023. Figurative, Symbolic and Contemplative Cognition. Part II: From Chr. A. Crusius to I. Kant. History of Philosophy. 28(1),...

... generation of intellectuals. Research into the unity of “form” in the structure of human cognition was also in many ways mediated by the Kantian tradition. To prove this thesis I first look at the philosophy of Gustav Shpet who creatively interpreted the German tradition and proposed an original project of his own, and then I examine the theory of Ernst Cassirer, an outstanding representative of Neo-Kantianism who in the later period of his work proposed considering the phenomena of the humanities to ...

... philosophy on Russian soil, and Marxism as it existed in the USSR. Axelrod, E. L., 1902. Tolstois Weltanschauung und ihre Entwicklung. Stuttgart: Druck der Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft. Axelrod (Ortodox), L. I., 1906. Dual Truth in Modern German Philosophy. In: L. I. Axelrod (Ortodox), 1906. Filosofskie ocerki. Otvet filosofskim kritikam istoricheskogo materializma [Philosophical Essays. A Response to the Philosophical Critics of Historical Materialism]. St. Petersburg: Izd. M. M. Druzhininoj ...

... adjudication and execution. Adickes, E., 1925. Einleitung in die Abteilung des handschriftlichen Nachlasses. In: I. Kant, 1925. Gesammelte Schriften, Band XIV. Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter, pp. XXXV-XLVII. Allison, H., 2013. Autonomy in Kant and German Idealism. In: O. Sensen, ed. 2013. Kant on Moral Autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 129-145. Bobrova, A. S., 2022. The “Vienna Logic” of the 18th Century and the Destiny of Practical Logic in the 20th and 21st Centuries. In: ...

... psy­cholinguistic studies], 16, pp. 13—24 (in Russ.). Dal, V. I., 1997. Tolkovyi slovar' zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka [Explanatory diction­ary of the living Great Russian language]. Vol. 2. Moscow (in Russ.). Datsishina, M. V., 2020. Place renaming and German policy-making in tempo­rarily occupied soviet territories. Voprosy onomastiki [Problems of on­omastics], 17 (1), 113—135, https://doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.006 (in Russ.). Fedotova, T. V., 2012. Russkaya toponimicheskaya sistema ...

... Sofronov. Moscow (in Russ.). Mould, O., 2018. Against Сreativity. London; New York. Nietzsche, F., 2011. Menschliches, Allzumenschliches. In: F. Nietzsche, ed. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 13 t. [Complete works in 13 volumes]. Vol. 2. Translated from German by V. M. Bakusev. Moscow (in Russ.). Rancière, J., 2007. Le Partage du sensible: Esthétique et politique. In: J. Rancière, ed. Razdelyaya chuvstvennoe [Partager sensuel]. Translated from French by V. Lapit­sky. St. Petersburg, pp. 9—46 (in ...

... difference between this concept and the related but defunct concept of pauznik [pause-based verse] is also discussed). The concluding section of the article is devoted to the history of the overarching term for verse studies, stikhovedenie (a calque of the German Verslehre). The study of versification ter­minology allows us to more effectively develop modern verse theory, which dates back in many respects to the polemics between the Russian Formalists and the Symbolists. Bailey, J., Taranovsky-Johnson,...

... Account of Economic Dependence from the Perspective of Social Philosophy. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 55(4), pp. 330-347. Sánchez Madrid, N., 2025b. Who Is the Caregiver in Kant’s Theory of Labour? Examining Social Domination in Classical German Philosophy. Kantian Review, First View, pp. 1-18. Sarti, R., 2023. Slaves, Servants and other Dependent People: Early Modern Classifications and Western Europe’s Self-Representation. In: J. Whittle and ‎T. Lambrecht, eds. 2023. Labour Laws ...

... 233-254. Bowie, A., 1993. Schelling and Modern European Philosophy: An Introduction. London: Routledge. Estes, Y., 2010. Intellectual Intuition: Reconsidering Сontinuity in Kant, Fichte, and Schelling. In: D. Breazeale and T. Rockmore, eds. 2010. Fichte, German Idealism, and Early Romanticism. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 165-178. Gulyga, A. V., 1981. Kant and Schelling’s “System of Transcendental Idealism”. Kantian Journal, 1(6), pp. 78-86. (In Rus.) Gulyga, A. V., 1987. Schelling’s Philosophical Legacy....

Before Emil Lask wrote The Logic of Philosophy (1911) he outlined the main theses of his future philosophical project in The Philosophy of Right (1905): critique of the “two worlds theory”, the problem of pre-reflective cognition, the emphasis on the role of “pre-scientific” pre-theoretical reality. But how, according to Lask, does the transition from “pre-legal” to “legal” reality take place? The Philosophy of Right criticises the “two worlds theory”, interpreted in the spirit of Platonism, as a...

... Practical Justification: Interpretive Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395686.003.0012 Wood, A. W., 2006. Kant’s Practical Philosophy. In: K. Ameriks, ed. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 57-75. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521651786.004 Zwolinski, M., 2008. The Separateness of Persons and Liberal Theory. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 42(2), pp. 147-165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-008-9107-y ...

... niversiteta. Filologiya [Tomsk State University Journal of Philology], 75, pp. 67—93, https://doi.org/10.17223/19986645/75/4 (in Russ.). Nefedov, S. T., 2022. Teoreticheskaya grammatika nemetskogo yazyka. Sintaksis. Tekst [ Theoretical grammar of German. Syntax. Text ]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Sarangi, S., 2000. Activity types, discourse types and interaction hybridity: The case of genetic counselling. In: S. Sarangi and M. Coulthard, eds. Discourse and social life . London, pp. 1—27, ...

... lingvistiki, filosofii, iskusstva [In the three-dimensional space of language: semiotic problems of linguistics, philosophy, art]. Moscow (in Russ.). Wierzbicka, A., 1997. Understanding cultures through their key words : English, Rus­sian, Polish, German, and Japanese . Oxford. Wierzbicka, A., 1999. Emotions across languages and cultures: diversity universals . Cambridge. Zhivov, V. and Timberlake, A., 1997. Parting with structuralism (theses for dis­cussion). Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics ...

... https://doi.org/ 10.22363/2687-0088-34051 . Goffman, E., 1967. Interaction ritual: essays on face-to-face interaction. New York. House, J. and Kádár, D., 2021. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics . Cambridge. House, J., 2006. Communicative styles in English and German. European Journal of English Studies , 10 (3), pp. 249—267, https://doi.org/10.1080/13825570600967721 . Iliadi, P. L. and Larina, T., 2017. Refusal strategies in English and Russian. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics ...

.... V. V. Vinogradova [Proceedings of the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute], 2 (40), pp. 231—242, https://doi . org/ 10.31912/pvrli-2024.2.13 (in Russ.). Zieleke, R., 2024. Contrast via information structure: On topic development with German aber in post-initial position. In: J. Brysbaert and K. Lahousse, eds. On the Role of Contrast in Information Structure. Vol. 382. Berlin ; Boston, pp. 131—160, https:// doi.org/10.1515/9783110986594-006. prosody, pragmatics, system, speech,...

... Schafroth, E., 2015. How to apply CxG to phraseology: a multilingual research project. Journal of Social Sciences , 11 (3), pp. 275—288, https://doi.org/10.3844/jsssp.2015.275.288 . Boas, H. C. and Ziem, A., 2018. Constructing a constructicon for German. In: B. Lyngfelt, L. Borin, K. Ohara and T. T. Torrent, eds. Constructicography: Constructicon development across languages , pp. 183—228, https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.22.07boa . Bulygina, T. V., 1982. Towards the Construction of a Typology ...