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... to the post-socialist era // Population in Central and Eastern Europe: Challenges and Opportunities. Statistical Publishing Establishment /eds. I. E. Kotowska, J. Jóźwiak. Warsaw, 2003. P. 35—90. 33. Michalski T. The main demographic and health problems of the former Soviet part of Baltic Europe // Baltic Europe on the Eve of Third Millenium. Published series: Coastal Regions 3 / ed. J. Wendt. Gdańsk, 2001. P. 113—119. 34. Michalski T. Procesy demograficzne w Europie Bałtyckiej w połowie ...

... gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Terra Economicus) [Terra Economicus], Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 70—90. 16. Gareev, T. R., Zhdanov, V. P., Fedorov, G. M. 2005, Novaja jekonomika Kaliningradskoj oblasti [The new economy of the Kaliningrad region], Voprosy jekonomiki [Problems of Economics], no. 2, p. 23—39. 17. Gareev, T. R., Fedorov, G. M. 2005, Pljusy i minusy rezhima Osoboj jekonomicheskoj zony [Pros and cons of the Special Economic Zone], Kosmopolis, no. 13(3), p. 82—89. 18. Granberg, A. G. 2004, Osnovy ...

... the fundamental conceptual framework of the modernisation of Russian society. In particular, it focuses on the criticism of the modernisation project initiated by the forces that present themselves as conservative. The author also mentions significant problems arising during the modernisation of Russian society; these problems are rooted in both objective conditions of the on-going process and subjective factors. The article addresses the emergence and development of the modernisation idea in Russia....

... development, change in the status, and extinction of enclave and exclave formations in the territory of the modern Kaliningrad region. The author offers information on their socio-economic and political features. The article identifies enclave (exclave) problems peculiar to them, including the land access (passenger and cargo transit) of the metropolis to the isolated territory, as well as the issues relating to the origins of state border, border control, visa regime, and political and economic relations ...

After the German reunification the agricultural development of eastern territories seemed to have picked up its pace. Yet the main problems those territories are facing today hatched already in the mid-1990s. In our study we address the problems and challenges that hinder sustainable development of East German rural areas. We analyse agricultural statistics and describe the structure ...

The article examines personal surety as a preventive measure in contemporary criminal proceedings and analyzes problems related to the effectiveness of its application. Using histor­ical analysis, the authors trace changes in the legal regulation of this preventive measure prior to the adoption of the Judicial Statutes, after their enactment, during the Soviet ...

... positional analysis, it has been established that the relatively recent institution only took on a more or less complete form by 2023. The main focus of the author’s work is on the international-political usefulness of the observer state status and the problems of its actual implementation. A comparison is made between the positioning of Moldova, Cuba, and Uzbekistan as observer states within the EAEU. Special attention is given to ranking the factors hindering and promoting the effective implementation ...

Based on archival materials, the article considers problems of pensions provision of Vera Uspenskaya (1877—1942) in 1923—1939 whose pension case was registered in the name of her father, the writer Gleb Uspensky. Having analyzed the frequency of changes in the size of Vera Glebovna's personal retirement ...

... of FCTAS RAS of socio-political sentiments and social tensions in Russian society. The main method is a personal semi-formalized interview of the population over 18 years old (n = 915). As a result of the study, it was revealed that the significant problems of the Kaliningrad region for the inhabitants of the region continue to be problems related to economic security: low incomes of the population, high prices for food and essential goods, high tariffs for housing and communal services. The hypothesis ...

... same time, it is nec­essary to assess not only support measures, but also the economic well-being of local agricul­tural entrepreneurs in a dynamically changing economic environment. With the help of ex­pert interviews with local entrepreneurs, key problems faced by local producers were identi­fied and certain practical tools were proposed that can provide a solution to some of these problems. One of the main conclusions of this study is the assurance that despite the change in external conditions ...

... and systematization are carried out (taking into account the special role of individual municipalities and their groupings in geopolitical processes, the general trend shift of the focus of political-geographical, socio-economic and ethnodemographic problems to the municipal the level, as well as the multidimensional influ­ence of geopolitics on the situation of municipalities). Particular attention is paid to the de­terminants and problematic situations of municipal development in the Russian ...

.... The analysis of these challenges allows for the identification of key aspects to be considered when developing effective educational programs and methodologies for this professional field. corporate education, testing, software, pedagogical problem 103-114 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2024-4-10

... zone and the zone of proximal development. Such work, which requires preparing future teachers for this specific professional activity, can be organised through individualised interaction between the teacher and pupils. This study aims to examine the problem of individualisation in response to the need to individualise primary school pupils’ education while developing functional literacy and to assess the feasibility of preparing future teachers to master relevant professional competencies. Methodologically,...

... content of legal disci­plines but also developing criteria for assessing the professional and personal qualities of ca­dets that influence their legal competence. The main assessment criteria include knowledge of basic methods and ways of solving legal problems, the ability to apply knowledge in choosing methods for collecting, structuring, and analyzing information, mastery of techniques for composing, formatting, and monitoring the evaluation of legal solutions, as well as the ability to independently ...

.... Indeed, the “human exclusiveness thesis” (J.- M. Schaeffer) assumes that its advocates underestimate nature’s impact on humans and their connection to other living beings. Constructing a dialogue between Kant and Schaeffer helps to solve two problems. First, to determine whether Kant’s ethical and teleological concept is immune to Schaeffer’s critique. Second, to clarify the German philosopher’s contribution to environmental ethics. I come to the conclusion that it is premature to claim ...

... Introductory Article. In: [F.] A. Trendelenburg. Elementy logiki Ari­stotelya [Outline of Logic]. Edited by M. R. Demin and N. A. Dmitrieva. Moscow: Kanon+, pp. 7-87. (In Rus.) Dlugach, T. B., 2002, Problema bytiya v nemeckoj filosofii i sovremennost’ [The Problem of Being in German Philosophy and Modernity]. Moscow: RAS Institute of Philosophy. (In Rus.) Dlugach, T. B., 2022. The Problem of Being: Kant and Heidegger. Kantian Journal, 41(3), pp. 42-75. https://doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2022-3-2 . Dmitrieva,...

... diagnosis of “capitalism — short-termism — depletion of resources” with the Kantian assessment of the attempts to escape from the predicaments of the present into the past or the future. I draw attention to Kant’s solutions to some of the specific problems indicated in the report. Instead of the strategy of “return of the cultural mandate”, proposed at this time by the authors of the report, the Kant­ian answer to the crisis is a “Copernican turn” and re-direction of the cultivating effort ...

... Dostoyevsky and Kant, immersing the philosophical component of the novel The Brothers Karamazov in the context of Kant’s antinomies. The later Frank took up the subject of Dostoyevsky’s worldview in response, as it were, to the discussion of the problem of cultural crisis at Volfila (including at meetings “In Memory of Dostoyevsky”). Following Yakov Golosovker, Andrey Bely, Aron Steinberg, Semyon Lurie and others, he continued the discussion of the crisis in its organised forms. In this context,...

... Knowledge (1915), Man’s Soul (1915), and The Spiritual Foundations of Society (1930) demonstrate that a metaphysical interpretation of Kantian critique is possible and may turn out to be the foundation of raising and solving topical philosophical problems. Boobbyer, P., 1995. S. L. Frank: The Life and Work of a Russian Philosopher, 1877-1950. Athens: Ohio University Press. Coreth, E., 1954. Kant — nach 150 Jahren. Wort und Wahrheit, 9, pp. 620-625. Coreth, E., 1956. Grundfragen des menschlichen ...

... the mask). Freudianism. The formal method in literary criticism. Marxism and the philosophy of language. Article]. Moscow (in Russ.). Barkhudarov, L. S., 1978, Yazyk i perevod (Voprosy obshchei i chastnoi teorii perevoda) [Language and translation (problems of General and special theory of translation)]. Moscow (in Russ.). Bressem, J. and Müller, C., 2014. The family of away- gestures: Negation, refusal, and negative assessment. In: C. Müller, A. Cienki, E. Fricke, S. H. Ladewig, D. McNeill ...

... occasionally. The study also identifies mechanisms that increase the communicative potential and persuasive power of the ideological and semantic content, using semiotic and discourse analysis. Anisimova, E. E., 1992. Paralinguistics and text (on the problem of creolized and hybrid texts). Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 1, pp. 71—79 (in Russ.). Barash, R. E. and Antonovskiy, A. Yu., 2019. Rebellious man, be visible, or perish! Visualisation of the semantics of protest communication ...

... proyavlenie idiostilya: Na materiale liriki A. A. Akhmatovoi i I. F. Annenskogo [Dialog in the poetic text as mani­fes­tation of idiostyle: on the material of lyrics by A. A. Akhmatova and I. F. Annenskii]. Saratov (in Russ.). Broitman, S. N., 1985. To the problem of dialog in Pushkin’s realistic lyrics. In: S. N. Broitman, ed. Voprosy istorizma i realizma v russkoi literature 19 — nachala 20 veka [Problems of historicism and realism in Russian literature of the 19th — early 20th cen­turies]. Leningrad,...

Today the so-called problem of discourse should boil down to (1) identifying relevant con­textual variables, (2) matching these to specific linguistic categories, and (3) operationalizing the former vis-à-vis the latter. Having posited this, the purpose of the article ...

... Russian Federation — anti-communist ideology has turned it into the “right” to enjoy comfortable living conditions, being almost totally divorced from duties and from morality. Such interpretations of human dignity lead to a dead end, creating problems for its perception and for its relationship to other constitutional provisions — problems that are impossible to resolve in the framework of such an interpretation of right. By turning to Kant, one of the pillars of the modern egalitarian universalist ...

... based on Kant’s logical project, interprets logical consequence as formal, which leads to substantive paradoxes that combine any thoughts at all and so to the loss of consequence as such. Beginning with A. Tarski, modern history of logic brings the problem of logical consequence into the realmof search for the relation of consequence, or grounding. In his doctoral dissertation on the nature of logical formality J. MacFarlane claims that the paradoxes of formal theories of logical consequence stem ...

... Deutsche Biographie. Band 3. Leipzig: Dun­cker & Humblot, S. 177-178. Erler, G., 1911/1912. Die Matrikel der Albertus-Universität zu Königsberg i. Pr. Band 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. Euler, W., 1994. Immanuel Kants Amtstätigkeit. Aufgaben und Probleme einer Gesamtdokumentation. In: R. Brandt und W. Stark, Hg. 1994. Autographen, Dokumente und Berichte. Zu Edition, Amtsgeschäften und Werk Immanuel Kants. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, S. 58-90. Euler, W., 2000. Kants Briefwechsel und „Amtlicher Schriftverkehr“....

... given through the subject’s intellectual acts. The main task is to fix with a maximum degree of accuracy what is “seen” in consciousness. This model inevitably considers words to be “markers” or “labels” which have no intrinsic power. The problem with this approach is, first, that it is impossible to determine the criteria by which this or that word should be considered adequate. Second, this approach leads to the creation of ever new philosophical languages which simultaneously challenge ...

... comparing Immanuel Kant’s transcendental logic with the traditional probleтs of the philosophy of language, thought it appropriate and conceptually effective to turn to the medieval scholastic debate on universals. Later, in the Hermeneutics and Its Problems, he goes back to this discussion and notes that it was the framework in which the thirteenth-century tradition of “terminist” logic was formed. Shpet attributed the fruitfulness of this approach to his concept of the inner form of the word....

... almanac]. Vol. 19. Moscow; St. Petersburg, pp. 275—319 (in Russ.). Galieva, F. G., 2018. The revolutionary christening as the phenomenon of the so­viet culture of the 1920s (review of the press in Bashkiria). Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsial'nykh problem [Russian Journal of Humanities], 10 (1), pp. 26—41, https://doi . org/10.12731/2077-1770-2018-1-26-41 (in Russ.). Gorbatov, A. V., 2014. Propaganda and the mass media during Khrushchev's an­ti-religious campaign (1954—1964). Vestnik Kemerovskogo ...

... integration of poetic texts into films serves as a mechanism for eliciting a unique psycho-emotional response from viewers, facilitating their engagement with the filmmaker’s ideological concepts. Barkovskaya, N. V., 2021. Video poetry: the problem of subject and context. Philo­logical class , 26 (3), pp. 21—33, https://doi.org/10.51762/1FK-2021-26-03-02 (in Russ.). Boldyrev, N., 2004. Zhertvoprinoshenie Andreya Tarkovskogo [Andrey Tarkovsky’s Sacrifice]. Moscow (in Russ.). Davydov,...

... Grigor'evskie chteniya: Neologiya kak prob­lema lingvisticheskoi poetiki» [Proceedings of the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Insti­tute, № 19. Materials of the international scientific conference “Second Grigoriev’s readings: Neology as a problem of linguistic poetics”], 19, pp. 11—19 (in Russ.). Badiou, A., 2014. Maloe rukovodstvo po inestetike [Petit Manuel d’inesthétique]. Translated from French by D. Ardamatskaya and A. Magun. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Bataille, G., 1997. Vnutrennii ...

... compliment usage as an independent act (speech genre) and within other speech genres, such as requests, gratitude expressions, consolations and condemnations, where a compliment amplifies or mitigates the speaker's intention. Alpatov, V. M., 2002. The problem of speech genres in the works of M. M. Bakh­tin. In: Zhanry rechi [Genres of speech]. 3. Saratov, pp. 92—104 (in Russ.). Bakhtin, M. M., 1979. Problems of speech genres. In: Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva [Aesthetics of verbal creativity]....

... Leningrad, pp. 248—298 (in Russ.). Fedorov, A., 1983. Fragments of memories. In: Vospominaniya o Yurii Tynyanove: Portrety i vstrechi [Memories of Yuri Tynyanov: Portraits and meetings]. Moscow, pp. 85—108 (in Russ.). Fedorov, A. V., 1927. The problem of poetic translation. In: Poetika [Poetics]. Issue 2. Leningrad, pp. 104—118 (in Russ.). Fedorov, A. V., 1928. The sound form of poetic translation (Issues of metrics and phonetics). In: Poetika [Poetics]. Issue 4. Leningrad, pp. 45—69 ...

... socio-cultural practice contexts. In this framework, subjectivity is identified as a crucial interface for such interactions. Moreover, a comparative analysis of natural and artificial intelligence underscores the complex potential inherent in this research problem. While human beings possess advantages stemming from bodily experience, sexual dimorphism, and other forms of vitality over artificial intelligence, the future is largely grounded in this vitality, exemplified by the essence of childhood. Consequently,...

In his 1916 book, History as a Problem of Logic, Gustav Shpet undertakes the task of reconstructing the whole Kantian conception of history, previously scattered in various articles and minor works of the critical period. He builds the reconstruction around Kant’s Idea for a Universal ...

... authors sequentially uncover the possible thematic layers of their intellectual conversation, dwelling on such topics as “the Kantian dilemma”, “the reflection theory”, “psychologism”, “pure ego”, “reality” and “experience”. Each problem involves, in one way or another, their assessment of Kant’s philosophical journey (especially in the theory of cognition). The modern context is provided by the philosophy and methodology of science, since the “conversation” between Shpet ...

... allows us to illustrate the idea that disputes are possible due not to the differences in opinions among humans, but to the variety of ways to justify them. Bentem, J. van., 2011. Logic and reasoning: how much do facts matter? Voprosy Filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 12, pp. 67—84 (in Russ.). Boghossian, P. and Williamson, T., 2003. Blind Reasoning. Proceedings of the Aris­totelian Society , 77 (1), pp. 225—248. Byrne, R. M., 1989. Suppressing valid inferences with conditionals. Cognition ...