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Kantian Journal

2024 Vol. 43. №3

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Dennes M.

Gustav Shpet, Immanuel Kant and Terminist Logic

DOI
10.5922/0207-6918-2024-3-2
Pages
9-22
Gustav Shpet Immanuel Kant terminist logic philosophy of language inner form of the word word structure

Abstract

In his book Appearance and Sense Gustav Shpet, comparing Immanuel Kant’s transcendental logic with the traditional probleтs of the philosophy of language, thought it appropriate and conceptually effective to turn to the medieval scholastic debate on universals. Later, in the Hermeneutics and Its Problems, he goes back to this discussion and notes that it was the framework in which the thirteenth-century tradition of “terminist” logic was formed. Shpet attributed the fruitfulness of this approach to his concept of the inner form of the word. Terminist logic is based on the definition and analysis of such terms as significatio, suppositio, expositio, exponibilia, and Shpet, in examining them, demonstrates the consonance of his concept with terminist logic. Proceeding from thirteenth-century logical studies, he proposes his own approach to resolving the contradictions found in Kant’s critical philosophy. Shpet believed that transcendental idealism failed to resolve the problem of the relation between intuition and concept (even though Kantian “schematism” was a search for such resolution). This inherent Kantian problem is for Shpet a take-off point to which he kept returning throughout his career. I will pay particular attention to such works as Appearance and Sense, in which Shpet broadens the problematics of Husserl’s phenomenology, and The Inner Form of the Word, in which he reinterprets Humboldt’s philosophy of language. In both cases Shpet shows that neither Husserl nor Humboldt managed to overcome the Kantian contradiction. So the reference to Kant is a starting point from which Shpet proceeds to put forward and consolidate his hypotheses. It is in thirteenth-century terminist logic that Shpet will see an original way of overcoming the Kantian contradiction and direct us toward interpreting the problems of the philosophy of language.

Reference

Anonym, 2010. Lekcii po srednevekovoj filosofii [Lectures on Medieval Philosophy]. In: G. G. Shpet, 2010. Filosofija i nauka. Lekcionnye kursy [Philosophy and Science. Lecture courses]. Edited by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 353-397. (In Rus.)

Chpet, G. G., 2007. La Forme interne du mot. Études et variations sur des thèmes de Humboldt. Traduction de N. Zavialoff, préface de M. Dennes. Paris: Kimé.

Chpet, G. G., 2013. Le phénomène et le sens: la phénoménologie comme science fondamentale et ses problèmes. Traduction de M. Dennes, F. Teppe, préface de M. Dennes, postface de F. Teppe. Bordeaux: Maison des sciences de l’homme d’Aquitaine.

Libera, A. de, 2014. La Querelle des universaux. De Platon à la fin du Moyen-Âge. Paris: Seuil.

Shchedrina, T. G. Kommentarii [Commentary]. In: G. G. Shpet, 2010. Filosofija i nauka. Lekcionnye kursy [Philosophy and Science. Lecture courses]. Edited by T. G. Shched­rina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 398-483. (In Rus.)

Shchedrina, T. G. and Shchedrina, I. O., 2022. Immanuel Kant in the Historical Philosophy of Gustav Shpet. Kantian Journal, 41(3), pp. 124-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2022-3-5

Shpet, G. G., 1991. Appearance and Sense: Phenomenology as the Fundamental Science and Its Problems. Translated by T. Nemeth. Dordrecht, Boston & London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Shpet, G. G., 2005. Jazyk i smysl [Language and Sense].­ In: Shpet, G. G., 2005. Mysl’ i Slovo. Izbrannye trudy [Thought and Word. Selected works]. Edited by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 470-657. (In Rus.)

Shpet, G. G., 2007a. Esteticheskie fragmenty [Aesthetic Fragments]. In: Shpet, G. G., 2007. Iskusstvo kak vid znanija. Izbrannye trudy po filosofii kul’tury [The Art as a Kind of Knowledge. Selected Works on the Philosophy of Culture]. Edited by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 175-322. (In Rus.)

Shpet, G. G., 2007b. Vnutrennjaja forma slova [The Inner Form of the Word]. In: Shpet, G. G., 2007. Iskusstvo kak vid znanija. Izbrannye trudy po filosofii kul’tury [The Art as a Kind of Knowledge. Selected Works on the Philosophy of Culture]. Edited by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 325-501. (In Rus.)

Shpet, G., 2019. Hermeneutics and Its Problems. In: G. Shpet, 2019. Hermeneutics and Its Problems. With Selected Essays in Phenomenology. Edited and translated by T. Nemeth. Cham: Springer, pp. XXV-XXVII, 1-151.