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... (2020) edited by Carl Posy and Ofra Rechter. The main discussions and comments are based on the texts contained in this collection. I first examine the more general questions which have to do not only with the philosophy of mathematics, but also with related areas of Kant’s philosophy, e. g. the question: What is intuition and singular term? Then I look at more specific questions, e. g.: What is the subject of arithmetic and what is the significance of diagrams in mathematical reasoning? As a result,...

... forward in research that Lambert had a defining influence on Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, also, and above all, with regard to the Newton-critical moments of this natur­al theory. However, this thesis can only be confirmed in relation to individual theorems, such as the relationship between attraction and repulsion force, even though the reasons for Lambert and Kant’s deviation from Newton’s theory of gravity also differ. For in its main features the transcendental metaphysics ...

The international conference “Kantian Rationality in Philosophy of Science” was held on 9–11 October 2020 at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU) in Kaliningrad. Fifteen participants from different countries discussed aspects of the Kantian understanding of science and the roles of reason in it: the unity, difference, and systematicity of the functions of reason in science, as they are revealed in Kant’s discussions of criteria of scientificity, the classification of sciences, or methods...

... nature of universality in morality and the mechanisms of universalisation of individual maxims and norms from antiquity to modern ethical theories, represented above all by the analytical tradition in philosophy. Of great interest is the analysis of related phenomena in morality, which makes it possible to determine the causes and nature of the transformation of morality in different eras and the accompanying change in the terminological apparatus of absolute ethical universalism, considered to be ...

Among the most peculiar traits of Kant’s critical philosophy is the contention that, while we can know our moral maxims and can thus reflect on our actions from a moral point of view, we cannot really know whether in a given situation our actions are actually motivated by those maxims. This means that, although we have a firm sense of our moral duties, we can never be certain whether some particular action of ours is done from duty or simply in accordance with it. This view is voiced in several of...

... M. und Ertl, W., 2012. Aristotelianism. In: G. Banham, N. Hems und D. Schulting, Eds. 2012. The Continuum Companion to Kant. London: Routledge, pp. 86-90. Smith, R., 1997. Introduction. In: Aristotle, 1997. Topics Books I and VIII with Excerpts from Related Texts. Translated with a Commentary by R. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. XI-XXXV. Stäudlin, C. F., 1794. Geschichte und Geist des Skepticismus vorzüglich in Rücksicht auf Moral und Religion. Leipzig: Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius....

... relevance of Kant’s analysis of the horizon of religious hope with regard to human praxis for a pragmatism-inspired philosophy of religion can be expected from a detailed discussion of the thoughts of Peirce and Royce, of thoughts, which, in complex ways, relate to, as well as criticise, James’s individuum-focused interpretation of religious faith. Apel, K. O., 1975. Der Denkweg von Charles S. Peirce. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp. Apel, K. O., 1981. Von Kant zu Peirce: Die semiotische Transformation ...

... Thinking and Forms of Cognition]. St. Petersburg: Typografia V. Bezobrazova and Ko. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I. I., 1917. Logika otnoshenij i sillogizm. (Po povodu knigi privat-dotsenta S.I. Povarnina “Logika. Obshee uchenie o dokazatel’stve”) [Logic of Relations and Syllogism. (About the Book by Privat-Docent S.I. Povarnin “Logic. The General Doctrine of Proof”)]. Petrograd: Senatskaya typografia. (In Rus.) Lapshin, I.I., 1922. Filosofia izobretenia i izobretenie v filosofii [The Philosophy of Invention ...

... atheistic convictions, the focus is placed on Kant’s specific conception of “church” that is clearly distinct from “historical” creeds and religious practices, and on the way in which he addresses non-believers, since he insists on the intrinsic relation between morality and the “purely moral religion”. Based on these reflections, the relevance of Kant’s argument that it is “a duty of the entire human race” to establish a community in which people mutually support one another in the ...

Carl Arnold Wilmans received his degree of doctor in philosophy in Halle in 1797 for a bold thesis. He claimed a latent similarity between Kant’s enlightened philosophy of religion and the pure mysticism of some so-called separatists — and sent his work to Kant. The fact that and how the latter re­acted to it, makes the matter all the more interesting. Could Kant have been a secret mystic? The following study attempts to give a differ­entiated presentation of Kant’s intellectual relationship with...

The review presents the International Workshop “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy-3: Nature (Specificities) of Transcendental Philosophy” held in Moscow on 19-22 April, 2018. The workshop was co-sponsored by the State Academic University for the Humanities, the Russian State University for the Humanities and the Foundation for the Humanities. The review examines the main topics of the workshop, summarises the main presentations and explicates the problem area of modern interpretations...

Kant’s ‘Newtonianism’ has been rightly highlighted by figures like Friedman. The follow-up debates led to a more adequate view on Kant’s natural philosophy and in particular his relation towards Newton. But the discussion that evolved did not point to the asynchronicity that takes place in Kant’s struggle with the central Newtonian concepts. Newtonian space and gravity, in revised form, are of central concern to Kant’s critical ...

... solve the semantic problem of the conformity of the representation to the object. In this case, appearance is not an object, but just a designation of the object (KrV, B 235). Thus, appearance cannot be understood ontologically as a physical object or a relation. At the same time, an appearance is not identical to its representation, since the former is an object or content of the latter. Applying G. Frege’s “semantic triangle” to the analysis of Kant’s concept of appearance, I show that the ...

... continued to rework his argument for at least six years after 1787. The main exegetical problem is to figure out who is the target of the “Refutation”: a non-sceptic idealist or a global sceptic of Cartesian provenance or both. In this last case, a related problem is to know whether either of them is the Cartesian sceptic of the first Meditation, the idealist sceptic of the second Meditation and first part of the third Meditation, or some other non-sceptic idealist. I present and defend a new reconstruction ...

... foundation of the fact that what exists is and that appearing is being. Fink takes a different approach to the meanings of appearance as opposing the thing in itself which possesses true but unknowable being (Kant) and appearance as taking place in the “relative” sphere of the natural attitude (Husserl): with Fink, appearance (or, as Fink constantly writes, “appearing”) turns out to be the condition of the existence of objects. Appearance, understood through the prism of the human being which perceives ...

... V. Kotrelev. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 8-360. (In Russ.) Trubetskoy, S. N., 1994. Foundations of Idealism. In: Sochineniya [Works]. Edited by P. P. Gaidenko. Moscow: Mysl’, pp. 594—717. (In Russ.) Vvedensky, A. I., 1924a. On the Types of Faith and Its Relation to Knowledge. In: A. I. Vvedensky, 1924. Filosofskie ocherki [Philosophical Essays]. Prague: Izd. Plamja, pp. 155-213. (In Russ.) Vvedensky, A. I., 1924b. The Dispute over Free Will in the Judgement of Critical Philosophy. In: A. I. Vvedensky,...

... His­torisch-kritische Ausgabe. Translated, introduced and edited by G. Gawlick, L. Kreimendahl. Stuttgart & Bad Cannstatt: frommann-holzboog. Baumgarten, A. G., 2013. Metaphysics: A Critical Translation with Kant’s Elucidations, Selected Notes, and Related Materials by C. D. Fugate, J. Hymers. [e-book] London & New York: Bloomsbury Academic. Available at: Google Books < https://books.google.ru/books?id=WU-rqBF6J_QC& ; lpg=PT400&hl=ru&pg=PT400#v=onepage&q&f=false> [Accessed 8 May 2019]. ...

... until our days. He discusses the meaning and development of the concept of self-consciousness and the understanding of subjectivity in Kant’s ethics as well as in Fichte’s philosophy. Stolzenberg shows the significance of Heidegger’s philosophical relations with Kant, Fichte, and the Neo-Kantians. He outlines the reasons which explain the different structures of the philosophical theories after Kant in comparison with the structure of Kant’s philosophy itself. Answering the question of Kant’s ...

..., 1992. Sämtliche Werke in 24 Bänden. Edited by P. Raabe. Vol. 16. München: Saur, pp. 35-67. Knigge, A. von, 1788. Ueber den Umgang mit Menschen. In 2 Volumes. Hannover: Schmidt. Knigge, A. F. F. L. von, 1810. Ob obraschenii s liud’mi [On Human Relations]. Translated from German [into Russian] by J. Langen. St. Petersburg: In Medical Typography. Knigge, Ph., 1785. Lied eines zehnjährigen Mädchens. Magazin für Frauenzimmer. Edited by D. C. Seybold, 1(1), p. 168. Knigge, Ph., 1789. Versuch ...

... Filosofie, 74(3), pp. 485-511. 8. Gale, R., 1963. Some Metaphysical Statements about Time. The Journal of Philosophy, 60(9), pp. 225-237. 9. Hamann, J. G., 1995. Metacritique of the Purism of Reason. In: G. G. Dickson, 1995. Johann Georg Hamann’s Relational Metacriticism. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 517-525. 10. Heijenoort, J., 1967. Logic as Calculus and Logic as Language. Synthese, 17(3), pp. 324-330. 11. Hintikka, J., 1997. Lingua Universalis vs. Calculus Ratiocinator: An Ultimate ...

... “Transcendental Dialectic” turn out to be possible reference points. Although this contextualisation demands further systematic and editorial reflections, it also allows the clarification of the status of the principles and their justification in relation to a subjective deduction. Kant offers with the subjective deduction, as introduced in the “Preface” (of the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason) and again in the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic”, a first argumentative ...

... Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2011. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. A German-English Edition. Traslated by M. Gregor, edited by J. Timmermann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kubalica, T., 2010. Relative Truth of the Reflection Theory in the Interpretation of Heinrich Rickert. (Translated by V. Prokhorov and V. Belov). Kantian Journal, 2(32), pp. 69-79. (In Russ.) Lembeck, K. -H., 1994. Platon in Marburg. Platonrezeption und Philosophiegeschichtsphilosophie ...

... Pedagogy. In: E. G. Osovsky, ed. 2004. Hessen. Moscow: Izdatel’skiy dom Shalvy Amonashvili, pp. 5-18. (In Russ.) 13. Rubinstein, M. M., 1920. Ocherk pedagogicheskoi psikhologii v svyazi s obshchei pedagogikoi [Outline of Pedagogical Psychology in Relation to General Pedagogy]. Moscow: Zadruga. (In Russ.) 14. Rubinstein, M. M., 1925. Sotsial’no-pravovye predstavleniya i samoupravlenie u detei [Social-Legal Representations and Self-Governing in Children]. Moscow: Pravo i Zhizn’. (In Russ.) 15....

... vtoroi poloviny XVIII veka [Tetens, Kant, and the Discussion of Metaphysics in Germany in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century]. Moscow: Phenomenology – Hermeneutic. (In Rus.) Leibniz, G. W., 2000, Metaphysics Summarized. In: Voltaire. Candide and Related Texts. Translated, with an introduction, by D. Wootton. Indianapolis: Hackett, pp. 84-86. Leibniz, G. W., 1989. On the General Characteristic, II. In: G. W. Leibniz, 1989. Philosophical Papers and Letters. A Selection. Translated and edited, with ...

... empiricism and German rationalism. These ideas were criticised by Kant in his “critical” period. There is a consensus among researchers that Garve condoned the expansionist policy of Frederick II of Prussia, totally denied that legality in international relations was possible and in general deserved the reputation of an (ultra-)conservative. From that point of view the key values for Garve were the security and well-being of the state. I offer an alternative interpretation of Garve’s position because ...

Heiko Puls’ work Sittliches Bewusstsein und Kategorischer Imperativ in Kants Grundlegung: Ein Kommentar zum dritten Abschnitt, presents an attempt to show that, in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant’s argumentation for the objective value of the categorical imperative is almost based upon the same principle as the one presented in the second Critique. More precisely, Puls claims that, like in the Critique of Practical Reason, the Groundwork operates with some kind of fact of reason-theory...

... dispositions. I review recent literature to appraise this new frontier within Kantian scholarship. I also explore the works of philosophers, such as Herman, Korsgaard, Wood, Höffe, and, specifically, Hill, on Kant’s conception of human dignity in relation to its conception as autonomy, humanity, and the source of human rights. Ameriks, K., 2000. Kant and the Fate of Autonomy: Problems in the Appropriation of the Critical Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bayefsky, R., 2013....

... ignored in research, although they still continue to raise problems and controversies in the context of the Enlightenment and the philosophy of religion. Although Lessing and Kant are both committed to the ideas of the Enlightenment and also appear as “related in essence”, above all with regard to religio-philosophical questions, Kant’s “moral determined monotheism” also contains an obvious criticism of Lessing’s religio-philosophical doctrines. This is also obvious in Kant’s — direct ...

... ethical work, the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and, in 2019, 120 years will have passed since the publication of Solovyov’s final version of The Justification of the Good (1899). Both of these works are the apexes of two different, yet closely related, traditions of moral philosophy — the German and the Russian. The conference will be devoted to the study of overlaps and influences between currently relevant aspects of the legacies of Kant and Solovyov. These aspects will also be examined ...

... strikingly similar. This is manifested in a whole range of principles and concepts. Crusius’ moral teaching hinges on the rigorous moral law which has to be obeyed absolutely, and which makes it different from other prescriptions that are binding only to a relative degree. This is very close to the Kantian distinction between hypothetical and categorical imperatives. Another salient feature of Crusius’ moral teaching is the stress laid on the sphere of internal motives. It is the inner motive that determines ...

.... Religion within the Limits of Humanity. On the History of the Problem of Religion in the Philosophy of Paul Natorp. In: D. N. Razeev, ed. 2008. Vera i znanie. K sootnosheniyu ponyatij v klassicheskoj nemeckoj filosofii [Faith and Knowledge. On the Relation of Concepts in Classical German Philosophy]. Saint Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, pp. 260-270. (In Rus.) Holzhey, H., 1986. Cohen und Natorp. Band 2: Der Marburger Neukantianismus in Quellen. Basel & Stuttgart: Schwabe & Co. Jegelka,...

Die moderne Kant-Forschung der letzten Jahrzehnte hat zu einer Neuinterpretation der theoretischen Grundlagen von Kants Metaphysik bzw. Erkenntnistheorie der Erfahrung geführt. Diese Deutungen können zu einer modifizierten Wiederbelebung und Neueinsetzung der Kantischen Erkenntnistheorie im Sinne eines kritischen Restrealismus und zu einer modernen konstruktivistischen Umdeutung von Kants transzendentalphilosophischem Ansatz Anlass bieten, die — mit relativ geringer „Liberalisierung“ und Modifikation...

... alternative Theories // Kant-Studien. 1973. 8. Paton H. J. Kant,s Metaphysic of Experience. London, New York, 1970. Vol. 2. 9. Smith N. K. A Commentary to Kant,s «Critique of Pure Reason». New York: Hu­ma­nities Press, 1962. 10. Turbayne C. M. Kant,s Relation to Berkeley // Kant-Studies Today, hg. v. L. W. Beck. LaSalle, 1969. 11. Warda A. Immanuel Kants Bücher. Berlin, 1922.

... Luhmann N. Macht. Stuttgart, 1975. 9. Plessner H. Lachen und Weinen // Plessner, Helmuth: Philosophische Anthropolo­gie. Frankfurt a. M., 1970. S. II-172. 10. Spitz R. A., Wolf U. M. The Smiling Response: A Contribution to the Ontogenesis of Social Relations // Genetic Psychology Monoprints. 1946. 34. S. 57—125. 11. Stern D. Mutter und Kind. Die erste Beziehung. Stuttgart, 1979. 12. Velleman J. D. Love as a Moral Emotion // Ethics, 1999. Vol. 109. S. 338—374. 13. Winnicott D. Die Spiegelfunktion ...

The article is devoted to the Jubilee of the Kant Compendium. The history of its beginnings is related, and the contents of all issues of the Kant Compendium are described in brief. 1. Гринишин Д. М., Калинников Л. А. Проблема философии истории в системе Канта // Научные доклады ...

... cognition as a reflection of reality. Rickert’s standpoint is neutral. He criticises the transcendental theory of reflection, but does not reject the idea of reflection as a model of cognition and acknowledges the immanent theory of reflection as relatively justified. The article also addresses the standpoint of another representative of the Baden School, Emil Lask, who rejected the theory of reflection in favour of the aftervision theory (Nachbildtheorie). 1. Бакрадзе К. С. История ...

... Issledovanija o chelovecheskom poznanii [An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]. Essay XII, Part III // Jum D. Sochinenija [Hume D. Works]. In 2 volumes. Vol. 2. Мoscow. 5. Gödel, K. 1992, On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems. Transl. by B. Meltzer. N. Y. 6. Hanna, R. 2001, Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford. 7. Hanna, R. 2006, Kant, Science, and Human Nature. Oxford. 8. Hanna, R. 2015, Cognition, Content, and the a Priori: A Study in the ...

... 10—11. 38. Marshall, C. 2013, Kant’s appearances and things in themselves as qua-objects, Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 63 (252), p. 520—545. 39. Nitzan, L. 2014, Jacob Sigismund Beck’s Standpunctslehre and the Kantian Thing-initself Debate (The Relation Between a Representation and Its Object) [Studies in German Idealism № 16], Dordrecht: Springer. 40. Prauss, G., 1974, Kant und das Problem der Dinge an sich, Bonn : Bouvier. 41. Prichard, H. A. 1909, Kant’s theory of knowledge, Oxford: Oxford ...

This interview explores the extent to which Kant’s philosophy, which postulates certain moral principles categorically, has influenced the contemporary theory of justice. Many academics believe such principles to be relative and emphasise that justice lies beyond the remit of science. Otfried Höffe is convinced that categorical legal principles remain a valid subject for an academic discussion. In his works, he often appeals to Kantian philosophy. In the interview,...

... transcendentalism: thing in itself (Ding an sich) — appearance (Erscheinung) — representation (Vorstellung), (3) to analyse the distinction between Kant’s concepts of appearance and phenomenon, and (4) to examine the concepts of appearance and phenomenon in relation to Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. Hanna, R. 2017, Kant, Radical Agnosticism, and Methodological Eliminativism about Things-in-themselves, in: Contemporary studies in Kantian Philosophy. no. 2, pp. 38—54. Howell, R. 2017, Analytic ...

This article analyses the features of Kant’s [transcendental] philosophy, which Kant himself described as transcendental idealism. On the one hand, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the distinction between things-in-themselves and appearances. On the other hand, our method of cognition is representative in that is based on representations — subjective and objective (objectual) ones. A synthesis of the above considerations suggests that Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the [conceptual] triad — ‘[objective]...

This article is the second part of the research concerning the publications of Russian scholars in Kant-Studien, the leading periodical dedicated to Kantian studies and the most important print of International Kant Society. The article describes the history of publications of Russian authors from 1974 to 2008. 1. Асмус В. Ф. Диалектический материализм и логика. Очерк развития диалектического метода в новейшей философии от Канта до Ленина. Киев, 1924. 2. Асмус В. Ф. Диалектика Канта. М., 1929...

Debates over Kant’s famous postulate about the existence of synthetic a priori judgements in mathematics, formulated in the Critique of Pure Reason, have been raging for over two centuries. On the one hand, it was fiercely criticised by neo-positivists in the early 20th century. On the other hand, Kant’s ideas on constructive nature of mathematics served as a philosophical framework for LEJ Brouwer’s programme of intuitionism in the foundations of mathematics. Of interest are the ideas of the great...

.... Real practice of logical and mathematical reasoning provides pry conjunctions of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive processes. We can find their harmonic combinations of mentioned standpoints and thus to confirm the validity of Kant idea related to inherent unity of a priori and empirical elements within contemporary philosophy of science. Apriorism along with empiricism contain powerful heuristic potential. 1. Бажанов В. А. Н. А. Васильев и его воображаемая ...

... between freedom and security and argues that it was not studied sufficiently by Rawls. It is stressed that the absolute priority of the first principles of justice over the second one, which was declared by Rawls, is debatable. Disparate variations of the relative priority rule seem more convincing. The author gives a generally positive assessment of the improved formulation of the first principle of justice and emphasises that the principles of justice must take into account moral principles. Moreover,...

This study is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed. 1. Декарт Р. Размышления о первой философии // Декарт Р. Соч....

... Kant’s famous question as to how synthetic judgments are possible a priori. The variant defines the objective thing in itself as an empirical object that affects our sensibility. The second variant is based on the question ‘On what ground rests the relation of what we call representation in us to the object?’, as Kant put it in his letter to Herz. The subjective thing in itself is defined as a transcendental object and/or phenomenon. It is emphasised that, in a certain sense, the second variant ...

... divided into substan tial and empty ones. Substantial noumena correspond to transcendental objects as the material of possible experience, which has become or can become actual, on the one hand. On the other, they correspond to abstract idealisation relations – norms and values – that are immanent in the world of phenomena and contribute to the organisation of that world. 1. Kant, I. 1965a, Kritika practicheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected ...

... Conscious, which was published in the form of theses in book 16 book of the journal Problems of Philosophy and Psychology. Trough formulating the law of the absence of objective evidence of becoming consciousness, Vvedensky did not only raise issues relating to philosophy of mind but also pointed to the growing contradictions in Russian philosophy caused by the development of scientific knowledge amid the dominance of religious philosophy. Using the tools of criticism, the Russian philosopher identified ...

... 50(б). 15. Salikov, А. N. 2013, Mirnyj proekt I. Kanta i modeli reshenija dilemmy bezopasnosti v sovremennoj teorii mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij [Kant’s Peace Project and the Models of Solution of Security Dilemmas in the Modern Theory of International Relations], in: Kantovskij proekt vechnogo mira v kontekste sovremennoj politiki: materialy mezhdunar. seminara [Kant’s Project of Perpetual Peace in the Context of Contemporary Politics: proceedings of international seminar]. Kaliningrad. URL: kant-online....