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... citizens of the EU and Russia”, which is currently the main document in the visa dialogue. Having assessed the implementation of the provisions contained in the four blocks of the “Common Steps”, the authors draw conclusions about the political nature of major obstacles to a visa-free regime. This article is based on the proceedings of the “Russia and European Union: the dynamics of interrelations” international conference organized by the EU center of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University ...

... Европейский Союз alignment, development, convergence, divergence, region, European Union A higher level of unity and cohesion across the European Union member states is an important aspect of European integration though it has a rather ambiguous nature. The Law on the Common Market, which aims to increase the economic efficiency of the EU, became a subject of extensive discussions among researchers suggesting that its viability at the political and socio-economic levels depends on a fair distribution ...

... Königsberg retrieved from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, the author analyses relations between the USSR and Germany in 1925—1930. The author focuses on the role of the “Polish question”, which largely affected the nature of bilateral relations. The consulate documents indicate that Soviet diplomacy aspired to exploit the differences between Poland and Germany over a wide range of issues (the geopolitical situation of East Prussia, the position of national minorities,...

... one of the regions where such networks develop at both the regional and international levels. When studying such forms of cooperation, the traditional methods of social sciences as research tools are not sufficient, which is explained by the dynamic nature of network cooperation as well as the fact that it involves a significant number of independent agents. We believe that one of the important tools of research on network cooperation is regional integral geoinformation systems (GIS). Modern GIS ...

... infrastructure — and thus political — projects aimed at a qualitative breakthrough in the socio-economic development of the countries under investigation. The scheduled multi-billion investments into energy sector are of political rather than economic nature. The projects to develop alternative power grids and high-speed railways can result in large-scale economic downturns diminishing the prospects of balanced social development. The author addresses the classical concepts of the theory of regional ...

... countries, ministries of spatial planning were established as early as the 1960s; in the Russian Federation, such authority still does not exist. The coordination of spatial development by the Russian Ministry of Regional Development is of fragmentary nature; therefore, at the moment, the efficiency of spatial planning is rather low. The authors find it necessary to adopt EU practices of urban planning in view of the Russian spatial potential.

... Federal'naja celevaja programma razvitija obrazovanija na 2006—2010 gg. [The federal target program for the development of education in 2006—2010 years.] 35. Federov, К. N. 1983, Fizicheskaja priroda i struktura okeanicheskih frontov [The physical nature and structure of oceanic fronts], Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 296 p. 36. Chinapah, V., Lefsted, Ya.-I., Weiler, G. 1990, Razvitie ljudskih resursov i planirovanie obrazovanija [Human resource development and education planning], Perspektivy. Voprosy ...

... is emphasised that Russia’s energy policy is one of the most important activities of the state and its business structures striving to achieve goals of general economic (profit generation and gaining a good standing in the market) and geoeconomic nature. At the same time, the author stresses that the pursued policy follows the standard rules of market game between the producer and customer. Russian energy carriers are delivered to an energy deficient region, wh ere the demand and need for them ...

... territorialnyh system [ Geographical study of territorial systems ], vol. 2, Perm, Perm State University, pp.103—107. 4. Isachenko, A. G. 2008. Landshaftnaja struktura Zemli, rasselenie, prirodo­polzovanie [ Landscape structure of the Earth , moving, nature ] , St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press. 5. Kaledin, N. V. 1996. Politicheskaja geografija [P olitical geography] , St. Pe­tersburg, St. Petersburg University Press. 6. Karabuschenko, P. L. 2009, Kaspijskij region: politika, ekonomika,...

... historiographical aspects of the Vilnius issue as an international problem. The author analyses the origins of the Polish-Lithuanian conflict, the role of struggle for Vilnius in the general context of Polish-Lithuanian confrontation, and the origin and nature of Lithuanian nationalism. The article also examines historiographical perspectives on the seizure of Vilnius by the troops of the Polish general, L. Żeligowsky, and the international consequences of the violation of the Suwałki Agreement. The ...

... области». This article addresses the problem of assessment of the role of innovative centres in the development of surrounding areas beyond large cities. At the same time, the innovative development of rural areas should be of a composite nature; there is a need for municipality development strategies to take innovations into account. International practices serve as a an argument in favour of establishing innovative centres in smaller and medium-sized towns in order to facilitate the ...

... № 10. С . 1104—1118. 8. Elderfield H. The oceanic chemistry of the rare-earth ele­ments // Phil. Trans­actions R. Soc. London A. 1988. М .325. P. 105—126. 9. Elderfield H., Greaves M. J. The rare earth ele­ments in seawater // Nature (London). 1982. V.296. P. 214—219. 10. Fee J. A., Gaudette H. E. et al. Rare earth element distribution in the Lake Tyrrell groundwaters, Victoria, Australia / W. B. Lyons [et al.] The Geochemistry of Acid Groundwater Systems. Chem. ...

... question of unity and plurality of rationality. While the variety of types of rationality is beyond doubt, the question of whether such unity is possible remains debatable. The biological unity of the species Homo Sapiens presupposes the unity of human nature, primarily the equal potential for rationality for all the members of the species. The observed differences in theoretical and practical rationality are considered in the article as socially constructed, derived from differences in language, values ...

... imperative, and fairness of evaluation, as well as convincing other people its adequacy. In mathematics, a proof plays a Central role, but at the same time, the General concept of mathematical proof is not. There are some very different perspectives on the nature of mathematical proof, its objectives, criteria and ideals, and over time these criteria and ideals change. Proof in other Sciences is seen as a process of research, verification and confirmation of certain provisions of search and justification ...

... Oxford UP. De Morgan, A. (1847) Formal Logic, or the calculus of inference, necessary and probable. London: Taylor and Walton. Grattan-Guinness, I. (2000) The Search for Mathematical Roots, 1870-1940. Princeton UP. Gregory, D.F. (1865) ‘On the real nature of symbolical Algebra’, in W. Walton (ed.) The mathematical writings of Duncan Farquharson Gregory, Cambridge UK: Deighton, Bell. Mill, J.S. (1978) ‘Whately’s Elements of logic’, in Collected works of John Stuart Mill, vol. XI, Toronto ...

... rhetoric, deviance The problem of «back to the arguments» can be characterized as the key problem of logic, because logic is defined as the science of correct reasoning. Logic studies the laws and forms of correct reasoning. Therefore, by its very nature, any logical investigation bears the sign of the formalities. In the mainstream of "science of reasoning" formal logic is one of its kinds, which is opposed to the logic of an informal approach to its specific reasoning. But the question ...

... anger, dignity, legal conflict, group action In this article, an attempt is made at describing the main features of rhetoric used in legal conflicts to substantiate a case of injured, or insulted, feelings, especially if these feelings are of religious nature. The problem with legal defense of insult of feelings lies in that the object of defense surpasses mere dignity, rights, or freedoms. Also, it is not everyone that can claim to have the right to such defense; it is state that claims to have the ...

... of S. Frank " Man's Soul" in terms of its relevance to contemporary society. Shown how the thinker overcomes epistemologism and antipsychologism of the Western philosophy, which distorted the understanding of the multifaceted and integral nature of a subject by transforming it to the abstract and theoretical constructs.

Chalmers, D. (1997) Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness//.Explaining Consciousness The "Hard Problem". Ed. by J. Shear. Cambridge (Mass.), 9-30. Chalmers, D. (2003) ‘Consciousness and its Place in Nature’, in Stich, S. and Warfield, F. (ed.) The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind, Blackwell, pp. 44-57. Chalmers, D. J. (1996) The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chomsky, N. (1975) Reflections ...

... nation of the image of logic. The author attempts to formulate the Principle of methodological dualism for the research on history of logic and substantiate it by the example of certain historical facts related to the history of the discussion on the nature of analytic and synthetic judgements in logic.

... начала XX века. Монография.– Калининград: Издательство РГУ им. И. Канта, 2010. 8. Рождественский Ю.В. Теория риторики. [Электронный ресурс] URL: www.nature.web.ru/db/msg.html?mid=1151342&uri=chapt1d.htm (дата обращения: 10.09.2010) Варвара Сергеевна Попова логика, образ логики, методология историко-логического исследования,...

.... Copi I.M., Cohen C. Introduction to Logic. London, 1990 (8th edition). 25. Eemeren F. van and R.Grootendorst (2004). A Systematic Theory of Argumentation. Cambridge University Press, 2004. 26. Hamblin Ch. Fallacies. London, 1970. 27. Jason G. The nature of the argumentum ad baculum // Philosophia Vol 17 #4 Dec 1987. 28. Kielkopf Ch.. Relevant appeals to force, pity and popular pieties. Informal Logic 1980 (2). 29. Kimball, R. What's Wrong with Argumentum ad Baculum? Reasons, Threats, and Logical ...

... theory connected with the transmission of meaning in the process of argumentative interaction. On the basis of several characteristic polemic examples, the author shows how the phenomenological concept of meaning and the other ego allows revealing the nature of the most efficient argumentation mechanisms causing the change in the position of the addressee of the argumentative message.

... priori; concept of logic of N. Lossky, intuitionism; conceptual pragmatism, philosophy of logic of W.V.O. Quine; porismatic model in the history of logic. On the example of some of the historical facts connected with the history of discussion about the nature of analytic and synthetic propositions in logic it is shown that the views on their status are strongly dependent on the accepted image of logic. Also the problem of the use of imagery and porismatic approaches in the methodology of history of ...

... reimbursement: revenue, expenses, financial result (pre-tax profit, taxable profit, retained earnings). Under these conditions, it is hardly possible to estimate unambiguously the tax burden on the taxpayer's activities. Moreover, direct by their economic nature taxes are subject to indirect taxation. 1. Налоговый кодекс РФ. Ч. 1 от 31 июля 1998 года № 146-ФЗ. [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.-правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс»....