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... Metaphysics of Morals], Sochinenija v 4-ch tt. na russkom I nemeckom jazyke [Works in 4 vol. In Russian and German], Moscow, Vol. 3. 8. Kryshtop, L. E. 2013, Postulaty prakticheskogo razuma: ot pjervoj “Kritiki” ko vtoroj [Postulates of practical reason: from the first “Critique” to the second], Voprosy filosofii [Questions of Philosophy], no. 6, p. 129—139. 9. Hinske, N. 2014, Nezamechennyj kommentarij Kanta 1784 goda k “Osnovopolozheniju k metafiziki nravov” (1785) [An Annoticed Kant’s ...

... and continuous progress of objective cognition. According to Sesemann, the opposite of a rational, conceptual, mediated element of cognition is an irrational, non-mediated component. The irrational factor of knowledge is the problems faced by human reason, as well as a condition for the progress of knowledge. The Russian philosopher strives to develop an original philosophical structure that just partially transcends the Neo-Kantian school. He is strongly influenced by the phenomenological movement,...

... jezhegodnik [History of Philosophy Yearbook], p. 31—38. 3. Kant, I. 1994, Metafizika nravov [Metaphysic of Morals], in: Sobr. soch. w 8 tomach, ed. by A. V. Gulyga, Moscow, T. 6. 4. Kant, I. 1997, Kritika prakticheskogo razuma [Critique of practical reason], in: Sochinenija v 4-ch tt. na russkom i nemeckom jazyke [Works in 4 vol. in Russian and German], ed. by N. V. Motroshilova, B. Tushling. Moscow, Vol. 3. 5. Kant, I. 2014, Metafizika nravov [Metaphysic of Morals], in: Sochinenija v 4-ch tt. na ...

... Soch. v 8 t. [Works in 8 volumes]. T. 7. Moscow. 5. Kant, I. 1994 a, Konetz vsego suscego[The finish of all essence]. In: Kant, I. Sobr. Soch. v 8 t. [Works in 8 volumes]. T.8. Moscow. 6. Kant, I. 1994, Kritika chistogo razuma [Critique of pure reason]. In: Kant, I. Sobr. Soch. v 8 t. [Works in 8 volumes]. T. 3. Moscow. 7. Kant, I. 1994, Metafizika nravov [Metaphysics of morals]. In: Kant, I. Sobr. soch. v 8 t. [Works in 8 volumes], T. 6. Moscow. 8. Kant, I. 1994, Osnovopolozhenija k ...

... Osnovnye Problemy Phenomenologii. [D. N. Razeev. In the Web of Phenomenology., E. Husserl. The Main Problems in Phenomenology.], St Petersburg: Edition of St Petersburg State University. 15. Kant, I. 1964, Kritika Chistogo Razuma. [The Critic of Pure Reason.], In: Sochinenia v 6 t. [Works in 6 volumes], vol. 3. Moscow: Institute of Philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences, Mysl, 799 p. 16. Motroshilova, N. V. 1989, Parabola Zhiznennoy Sudby Lva Shestova. [A Parabola of Lev Shestov’s Life Fate.],...

This article attempts to answer the question as to why one should study Cohen. The author’s first and preliminary answer is that the study of Hermann Cohen’s thought is relevant to contemporary philosophy due to at least five reasons: (1) Cohen’s improvement of critical idealism of subject through replacing it with the idealism of ideas; (2) the exposition of thought as the ethics of law; (3) the development of the notion of anticipation as the principle of time, history,...

... philosophy of religion. The findings are based on a comparative analysis of the German philosopher’s major works on the philosophical doctrine of religion, namely Lectures on the philosophical doctrine of religion and Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. The authors trace both the evolution of Kant’s ideas on religion and the consistency and systematicity of changes in the philosopher’s views. The published Lectures confirm the fact that Kant never considered the problems of philosophy of ...

... matematicheskogo znanija [On the question of a priori mathematical knowledge]. In: Matematika i opyt [Mathematics and Experience]. M. : MGU, s. 545—574. 11. Katrechko, S. L. 2007, Modelirovanie rassuj`deniiy v matematike: transcendental'nyiy podhod [Modeling reasoning in mathematics: transcendental approach]. In: Modeli rassuj` deniiy — 1 : Logika i argumentacija. Kaliningrad : Izd. RGU im. I. Kanta, 2007. s. 63—90. 12. Katrechko, S. L. 2008, Transcendental'naja filosofija matematiki [Transcendental philosophy ...

... Neokantianism: “Marburg” In Russia. Historical and philosophical essays]. Moscow, 512 p. 14. Zenkovskiy V. V. 2001. Istoriya russkoy filosofii [History of Russian philisophy]. Moscow, 880 p. 15. Kant I. 1994. Kritika chistogo razuma [Critique of Pure Reason] Moscow, 591 p. 16. Kogen G. 2012. Teoriya opyta Kanta [Kants Theory of Experience]. Moscow. 618 p. 17. Kozlov A. A. 1884. Genezis teorii prostranstva i vremeni Kanta [Genesis of Kant’s theory of space and time]. Kiev. IX + 264 p. 18. Kozlov ...

... [Post-neo-Kantianism — ontologism / eds. B. Czardybon, L. Augustyn, M. Bohun. Aesthetics and Criticism]. № 26, p. 223—236. 61. Kubalica T. 2009, Prymat rozumu praktycznego w logice. Teoria prawdy neokantowskiej szkoły badenskiej [Primacy of practical reason in the logic. Theory of truth of neo-Kantian Baden school]. Katowice. 62. Kubalica T. 2011, Wahrheit, Geltung und Wert. Die Wahrheitstheorie der Badischen Schule des Neukantianismus. Wurzburg. 63. Kubalica T. 2014, Johannes Volkelt und das Problem ...

... dichotomy. Thirdly, it is argued that Kant’s transcendental logic is a logic in the formal sense. Whereas general logic is concerned merely with constitutive rules of inference, transcendental logic is concerned with regulative rules aimed at better reasoning 1. Аристотель. Метафизика // Аристотель. Соч. : в 4 т. М., 1975. Т. 1. 2. Аристотель. Первая Аналитика // Там же. 1978. Т. 2. 3. Аристотель. Физика // Там ...

... legal rules and law in general and its independence of any external authorities or internal motivations of human behavior. According to Kistyakovsky, the rational element of legal rules is their key characteristic. Not unlike concepts, law is created by reason, without which legal rules cannot be formulated. Legal rules are an expression of the normal (typical) human consciousness and behavior. However, law is also a fact of social life. In effect, law is exercised through legal relations and, therefore,...

... become a capital of the new system of values. Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This culture, warmly welcomed by the society, rested on reason, virtue, justice, and tolerance, which reflected the common attitudes of burgher Germany towards apparently natural human inclinations. It contradicted both Augustine’s teaching of human corruption and Hobbes’s misanthropic anthropology. This ...

This article analyses the system of inferences used by Kant in Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason to demonstrate the existence of evil disposition (Gesinnung). The author be¬lieves that, in this work, Kant introduces two innovations in respect of the fundamental project presented in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. He emphasises ...

... нравственности и права. М., 2005. 6. Шмитт К. Политическая теология. М., 2000. 7. Beck, L. W., 1971. Kant and the Right of Revolution // Journal of the History of Ideas. Vol. 32, № 3, Jul-Sep. 1971. 8. Flikschuh, K., 2008. Reason, Right, and Revolution: Kant and Locke // Philosophy & Public Affairs. Vol. 36, № 4 (Fall, 2008). Р. 375—404. 9. Insole, Ch. Two Conceptions of Liberalism. Theology, Creation, and Politics in the Thought of Immanuel Kant and Edmund Burke ...

... sciences and technology. In particular, this can explain why modern physical string theory is empirically unverifiable; it can be adjusted to accommodate a wide range of possible outcomes of observations and experiments. At the same time, there are reasons to believe that certain recent ap-proaches in foundations of mathematics such as category theory, topos theory, and Univalent Foundations may help to improve the situation in the near future. The problem of applicability of new mathematical knowledge ...

... worldview. The author analyses the critique of Schopenhauer given in A. A. Fet’s letters. Three aspects are criticised: firstly, A. Schopenhauer’s idealism, secondly, agnosticism, and, thirdly, inconsistency, contradictions in the philosopher’s reasoning. A special section of the work is dedicated to the analysis of the poetic triptych consisting of three poems written in 1879—1880: “Nothingness”, “That is not why the Lord is mighty…”, and “Never”. Fet dedicated the triptych ...

... concepts rather than the necessary existing object. He argues that there is at least one (and possibly unique) such concept — Anselm’s famous "that than which none greater can be conceived".There are three key ideas, namely: 1) there are no reasons to consider that class of necessarily exemplified concepts as non-empty; 2) interchangeability of alethic modalities does not seem to be a valid argument; 3) there are additional complications that were not mentioned in earlier analyses. In particular,...

... of intellectual communication became a tradition in Königsberg in the 17th/18th centuries. This tradition created a sub-system of creative communication and leisure bringing together both nobility and aristocracy and ordinary curious citizens. The reasons behind this phenomenon were the geographical, geopolitical, and cultural and historical position of Königsberg — a large provincial trade and cultural centre of East Prussia. The focus of the article is the historical and documentary analysis ...

... inference, and that of the synthetic and analytic. The article addresses the interpretation of the concept of ‘intuition’ by Lossky and the influence of this interpretation on the translation of Kant’s Anschauung.The author identifies a number of reasons that inspired the intuitivist to translate the CPR. Fol¬lowing Kant’s philosophy, Lossky had sufficient arguments in the game played in the field of his teacher and opponent, the Russian Kantian A. I. Vvedensky; moreover, he proved the inconsistency ...

... Russian journal on philosophy of culture, Logos, whose ideological inspirator and one of the chief editors was the Russian philosopher Boris V. Yakovenko. The author also focuses on the history of the first issue of Logos published in Prague and the reasons behind the suspension of the second issue. 1. Белов В. Н., Рожков В. П. История русской философии. Саратов, 2006. 2. Ермичев А. А. О неокантианстве Б. В. Яковенко ...

... correspondence with Immanuel Kant, earlier not available to Russian readers and related to their complicated “philosophical” relation — on the pages of Kantovsky Sbornik. These materials have comprised a book entitled Hamann and Kant: a Struggle for Pure Reason, which will be published this year by Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Press. 1. Гильманов В. Х. Герменевтика «образа» И. Г. Гамана и Просвещение. Калининград, 2003. 2. Гильманов ...

... its absolute formalism it doesn’t have the complete implementation in the objective world. Solovjev also sees as unsuccessful Kant’s attempt at overcoming subjectivism in the moral sphere. In Solovjev’s opinion, Kant’s postulates of practical reason don’t overcome subjectivism, but bring to the foundation of Kant’s ethic the double meaning and uncertainty. The author notes, that for all his respect to Kant’s ethic, Russian philosopher constructs ethic on his own principles. In the foundation ...

... terms of pleasure, perpetuates the Roman contractualism in matrimonial law by understanding marriage as an external relation of persons, and prepares the soil for the seeds of a nihilistic philosophy of marriage and family. Kant's opinions about the reasons of inacceptability of false and, as a matter of fact, contractually based forms of matrimonial unions, proceed in undermining still more the basics of his positive philosophy of family, and supply additional arguments for a reform of Kantian philosophy ...

... of punishment: the categorical imperative of punishment might well demand those very actions which the categorical imperative as we know it from the “Groundwork” seems to forbid. It is proposed to see this paradox as another antinomy of practical reason. The hypothesis is offered that the separation of the principles of virtue directed to an individual will and right covering the public sphere can be considered as an attempt to solve this very antinomy. 1. Беккер Г. Человеческое ...

... // Workshop on Philosophy and Informatics (WSPI). Cologne, 2004. URL: http://purl. utwente. nl/publications/49866 (accessed on: 13.09.2011). 10. Guyer P. The Cambridge Companion to Kant. Cambridge University Press, 1992. 11. Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge University Press, 1999. 12. Kant I. Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. Cambridge University Press, 2004. 13. Sen P. Strawson on Universals // Universals, Concepts and Qualities: New Essays on the Meaning of Predicates / eds....

... extent further progress of philosophy and exact sciences confirmed (or modified) original Kant ideas? I'm inclined to judge that apriorism in its modest version does not contradict a modest type of empiricism. Real practice of logical and mathematical reasoning provides pry conjunctions of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive processes. We can find the harmonic combinations of mentioned standpoints and thus to confirm the validity of Kant’s idea related to inherent unity of a priori and empirical ...

... 1. 15. Шиллер Фр. О грации и достоинстве // Фр. Шиллер. Соч.: в 7 т. М., 1955. Т. 6. 16. Hegel G. W. H. Elements of the philosophy of right. Cambridge University Press, 1991. 17. Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason. eBooks@Adelaide, 2009. 18. Kant I. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of morals. Broadview Press, 2005. 19. Kant I. The Metaphysics of Morals. Cambridge University Press, 1996. 20. Schiller F. The Aesthetical Essays. Project Gutenberg Ebook.

... H. Ch. Andersen’s works, published in Russian in 2016 under the title “The Forgotten Stories of Hans Christian Andersen”. Their content and poetics are considered at the background of the writer’s creative evolution. The authors studies the reasons that determined the incompleteness of a number of works, and the circumstances that prompted the author to refuse to publish completed texts. “The Forgotten Stories” become the source for analyzing the writer’s creative manner and his work ...

... role of personal names in women’s lives, the comprehension of naming, and the features of name functioning in verbal communication are indicated. The author analyzes the tendencies of changes in naming in various historical periods, as well as the reasons for such changes. The paper also studies the trends in the selection of names, identifies the criteria for a fashionable name and lists the popular names of the current time. The meaning of the name turns out to be significant to understanding ...

... hidden complexities. N. Y., 2002. 15. Grady J. Metaphor // The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics / еd. by D. Geeraerts, H. Cuyckens. Oxford, 2007. P. 188—213. 16. Johnson M. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago, 1987. 17. Miall D. S. Temporal Aspects of Literary Reading // Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art / еd. by P. F. Bundgaard, F. Stjernfelt // Contributions to Phenomenology. Vol. 81. N. Y., 2015. ...

The article focuses on the urgent issue of the lack in the human resources who will be able to deliver counseling service for physically challenged stu­dents studying in the educational institutions of the Kaliningrad Region. For this reason, the professional retraining program “Oligophrenopedagogics” has been designed and implemented in Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. The core points of the program include the questions relevant to professional readiness to teach students ...

... semantic comparative analysis of phraseological units in Rus­sian, French and German makes it possible to identify semantic universals and specific national features of phraseological units, as well as to analyze the linguistic and extralinguistic reasons for the similarities and differences of phraseological units in the studied languages. Component analysis of the studied phraseological units gave a clear picture of the commonality of poten­tial semes “сердце, cœur, Herz” in unrelated ...

... for the Russian linguistic-cultural consciousness, on the basis of Russian proverbs and sayings. The author explains the specificity of these maxims, and provides an additional interpretation of several examples. In conclusion, the author explains the reasons for the general sense of pessimism of the Russians and reveals the fundamental intellectual basis for black humor in the analyzed linguocultural tradition. 1. Берестнев Г. И. Языковая реконструкция идеологии ...

... time, connectivity between text fragments is provided by anaphoric pro­nouns and deictic means. The peculiarity of the passport is that it is intended to present the document in the future and implies the availability of more in­formation, for this reason the passport texts are more narrative, and character­ized by retrospection and prospection. This implies a wider composition of the means of cohesion: lexical repetitions, pronouns in the cataphoric function, various deixis means, and discursive ...

This article is devoted to the means of presenting argumentation in literature focusing on judicial matters. In such texts, theses and relevant arguments are often in an implicit form, which emphasises the particularities of the functioning of judicial reasoning. In addition, the argumentative function, which is integrated into the discourse, is combined with the aesthetic function and thus it can serve as a means to create the literary image of a character. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Когнитивный ...

... 43, № 5. P. 415—435. 11. Lipman M. Thinking in Education. 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003. 12. Paul R. W. Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World. Rohnert Park, CA, 1990. 13. Siegel H. Educating Reason: Rationality, Critical Thinking, and Education. Routledge, 1988.

The author analyses the specific features of B. Ryzhy’s poetry, showing that G. Ivanov’s works influenced his poetic manner. The author reveals the reasons of commonality of their existentialistic worldview, which was predetermined by some biographic and sociocultural factors. Reinterpreting G. Ivanov’s key motifs and imagery, B. Ryzhy enriches his lyrics by bringing in Soviet and post-Soviet connotations....

... информационные технологии и ИТ-образование : матер. III Международной научно-практической конференции. М., 2008. 9. Mamdani Е. Н. Application of fuzzy logic to approximate reasoning using linguistic synthesis // IЕЕЕ Transactions оn Computers. 1977. Vol. 26, № 12. Р. 1182—1191. 10. Zadeh L. А. Fuzzy sets // Information and Control. 1965. Vol. 8. P. 338—353.

The article considers the Heideggerian principle of autonomy as a philosophical principle of self-dependence of Being, and its actualization in Murdoch’s works. The motif of autonomous reason as a «barrier»against the light of Being, the motif of mechanization of thought and feeling in the world of metaphysics completing itself, together with Platonic motifs and the esthetic diagnosis of the «death of light» in the 20th century ...

... Lucretius // The American Journal of Philology. 1941. Vol. 62, №. 1. P. 16—34. 9. Gandon F. De dangereux édifices. Saussure lecteur de Lucrèce. Les cahiers d’anagrammes consacrés au De rerum natura. Louvain; P., 2002. 10. Gasparov B. Beyond Pure Reason. Ferdinand de Saussure's Philosophy of Language and Its Early Romantic Antecedents. N. Y., 2013. 11. Gronas M. Just what word did Mandel’shtam forget? A mnemopoetic solution to the problem of Saussure’s anagrams // Poetics today. 2009. Vol....

... structure. The author identifies the specific features of the heaven spacium levels and describes the three main tiers of heaven, namely, the entry to heaven, the mountain space of the “divine youths, and the top of the mountain. The article justifies the reasons behind the rapid movement of the poet towards the space of ‘other’ being. The author addresses the issue of the poet’s godlikeness. 1. Цветаева М. Собр. соч. : в 7 т. М., 1995. 2. Бродский И. Об одном ...

Since Lionel Abel (1963), metatheatrical plays are understood as a piece of drama, whose object is the play itself. The author considers the reasons behind the frequent references to the personality and works of A. P. Chekhov found in modern metatheatrical drama and analyses the changes to the standard “author-actor-audience” theatrical communication brought about by metatheatrical elements....

... polysemy, the lexicon and conceptual structure// Journal of Linguistics. 2005. Vol. 41, № 1. P. 33—75. 31. Haspelmath M. From space to time. Temporal Adverbials in the World’s Languages.München, 1997. 32. Lakoff G., Turner M. More than cool reason. Chicago ; L., 1989. 33. Mieder W. Dictionary of American proverbs. N. Y. ; Oxford, 1992. 34. Pérez Hernández L. Metaphor-based cluster models and conceptual interaction:the case of 'time' // Atlantis. 2001. Vol. 23, № 2. P. 65—81....

This article emphasises the need to study the motives behind adolescents taking up sport and identifies the reasons for regular training, possible non-attendance of classes, and giving up sport, as well as the dominant motives for taking up sports in children training at Olympic reserve sports schools. The author describes the personal qualities and actions ...

This article offers a comparative-historical analysis of the basic approaches to research on the creative abilities of a human being typical of Russian and international psychology. The author considers the reasons behind the development of conceptions and their influence on the trajectories of modern psychology. 1. Бердяев Н. А. Самопознание. Опыт философской автобиографии. М., 1990. 2. Богоявленская ...

This article focuses on the main reasons for insufficient involvement of disabled people in physical training and sports. As a form of practical application of theoretical knowledge, the author suggests establishing sports clubs for the disabled on the basis of universities training ...