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... artistic philosophy of the novel under study. This article traces the main features of the literary representation of the notions of friendship, charity, erotic love, and familial love in “Till We Have Faces”. All four forms of love are analyzed at the levels of plot development, the construction of the main female charac­ters (Psyche and Orual), and the philosophical dimension of the mythological novel in the context of the ancient Greek myth of Cupid and Psyche, which serves as the narrative founda­tion ...

... local communities formed on the basis of ter­ritorial commonality, identity, and symbolic space. By using digital platforms and channels of interaction, such communities become full-fledged participants in political processes at the local and regional levels. Their participation is characterized by the ability to shift rapidly between modes of “neighborly” communication and civic initiatives, including those of a po­litical nature. Such communications provide a foundation for strengthening civic ...

... specialization of port divisions. Particular attention is paid to the regional specifics of the Russian Far East, where the Vladivostok port, while maintaining the universality of its func­tions, faced problems of decentralization, staff shortages, low levels of mechanization, and inadequate social and living conditions for workers. The study is based on archival materials from the State Archive of Primorsky Krai and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, many of which are introduced ...

Causation is one of the fundamental conditions of existence. The cause-and-effect rela­tionships between elements of reality, which possess universal significance, are reflected dif­ferently across linguocultures and manifest at various levels of language. A comparative ana­lysis of the grammatical features of causative expression in structurally diverse languages — Kabardian, or East-Circassian, Russian, and English — has revealed differences in com­mu­ni­cative behavior shaped ...

... proposed to explain the creative history of the text. Particular attention is paid to stanzas absent in earlier versions but appearing in collections published after 2001. The study confirms the hypothesis about the heightened significance of the phonetic level in V. A. Sosnora’s poetic texts, the semantic function of punctuation marks, and repetition as a device structuring the composition of the poem. A comparative analysis of drafts and all accessible versions of the poetic texts provides material ...

... government authorities. The results of statistical analysis of empirical data obtained from a mass survey (n=397) demonstrated that the origin of trust in authorities is conditioned by the assessment of their effectiveness. It was found that higher levels of trust are shown by youth who highly evaluate the situation regarding interpersonal trust in Russia and who have close relatives with similar trust patterns. It was also revealed that female youth living outside the regional center tend to have ...

... toward the personal house farming (PHFs) of collective farmers, using the agricultural enterprise Novaya Zhizn in Pravdinsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast as a case study. The aim is to identify the specific features of policy implementation at the level of an individual collective farm and to analyze the attitudes of the collective farmers themselves toward this policy. The article presents an analysis of party and government decrees concerning personal farms, as well as the forms in which these ...

... general trends in the development of legal regulation of the digital (Internet) space in the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the development of technologies and their involvement in economic turnover with the level of legislative regulation. The purpose of the research is to identify the main patterns of Russian law-making activity. The following methods were used as the methodological basis of the research: legal hermeneutics, used to reveal the main provisions ...

... J. Haveland. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1997). Zhurnal obshchei biologii [Journal of General Biology], 59 (2), pp. 229—235 (in Russ.). Chebanov, S. V., 2002. Bilateral biosemiotics: A problem of sense on a super-triplet level. In: Gathering in Biosemiotics-2. Tartu, p. 11. Chebanov, S. V., 2004. Semiotics of the contents and semiotics of expression: the role of sign's body. In: Körper — Verkörperung — Entkörperung. Body — Embodiment — Disembodiment. Kassel,...

... used for the expression and transfer of thoughts. Instead, research­ers should use a systems ap­proach to linguistic semiosis as a biological adaptation, which is the organizational basis of hu­mans as living systems at both individual and social levels. Lin­guistic semiosis is an evolution­ary stage in the development of Homo sapiens. Establishing the functional role of linguistic semiosis in systemic cognition as a socially organized living system whose unity is ensured and sustained by its ...

The article is devoted to the polemic with Alexander Kravchenko regarding his thesis that the way out of the protracted crisis in linguistics is to use a systemic approach to linguistic semiosis as biological adaptation. The author argues that linguistics is not in a state of crisis but rather in a state of stagnation. Overcoming it presupposes an intensive methodological search that infinitely expands the horizons of permissible views rather than the use of a sys­tem approach that is inadequate...

... of Umberto Eco, it is shown that the external temple decoration of Vladimir acts both as an aesthetic object and as a semiotic construction. In line with the logical semantics of Gottlob Frege, the denotative (meaningful) and connotative (semantic) levels of coding and decoding of sacred visual texts of Vladimir cathedrals are defined. The basic references of the central image of the exterior plastics — the biblical David, as well as those narratives that are determined by these references are ...

... poetic texts on lects that possess a problemat­ic linguistic status. The author proposes using ‘topolect’ as a universal term for such entities, which allows them to be placed in a special category of language systems that occupy an in­termediate level between the standard and the rather homogeneous territorial dialects in a kind of multilingualism that is characterized by the distribution of functions between idioms. The analysis of the poetic tradition of topolects makes it possible to reveal ...

... the German and English language: Erkenntnis/cognition vs knowledge. In this study, context is interpreted as a verbalization of a specific conceptual frame facilitating the identification of the appropriate meaning of the term on a deeper, conceptual level. The article contains nu­merous examples from the works of Immanuel Kant translated into English as well as the data from multilingual translation corpora which are used to describe translation-relevant aspects of conceptual integration in philosophical ...

The article discusses the role of the syntactic level of the organisation of a poetic text in the formation of a model of literary communication. The research aims to identify the role of syntactic structures in the construction of lyric discourse and to explore the poetic function of grammar units ...

... linguistic creativity. For each of the working subcorpora (artistic and advertising discourses of the 1910—1930s), the authors distinguish macro-discursive, micro-discursive and inter-discursive parameters that affect linguistic innovations at different levels — from phonologi­cal to pragmatic. It is concluded that the strategy of delayed, de-automated perception is im­plemented in the experimental literary discourse. It is achieved by focusing the message on its own form (the implementation of the ...

... pp. 86—92 (in Russ.). Sergienko, A. V., 1994. On the nature of irony as a manifestation of implication (based on the material of G. Heine's prose). In: Semanticheskie protsessy na raznykh urovnyakh yazykovoi sistemy [Semantic processes at different levels of the language system]. Saratov, pp. 156—163 (in Russ.). Shilikhina, K. M., 2014. Semantika i pragmatika verbal'noi ironii [Semantics and pragmatics of verbal irony]. Voronezh (in Russ.). Solodilova, I. A., 2014. Evaluation of irony meaning....

... research methodology to document and analyze translation and interpreting events in context. The author shows how, in the early seventies, both cultural anthropology and TS saw a change in paradigm that brought the two disciplines closer at the surface level (as the metaphor of culture as a text gained grounds), but that draw them very much apart from an epistemological viewpoint. Indeed, while ethnography was undertaking an interpretive turn, TS chose to define itself as an em­pirical discipline based ...

... semioticheskaya shkola [Yu. M. Lotman and the Tartu — Moscow semiotic school]. Moscow: Gnozis (in Russ.). Bart, R., 1989. Izbrannye raboty: Semiotika: Poetika [Selected works: Semiotics: Poet­ics]. Moscow: Progress (in Russ.). Benvenist, E., 1974a. Levels of linguistic analysis. In: E. Benvenist, ed. Obshchaya lingvistika [General linguistics]. Moscow: Progress (in Russ.). Benvenist, E., 1974b. The formal apparatus of utterance. In: E. Benvenist, ed. Ob­shchaya lingvistika [General linguistics]....

... relation­ship between repetition and variation, singular and plural, a norm and a deviation. A text has a pattern nature if its basic pattern does not coincide with its textual realizations, provided the latter are very similar at the prototype or model level. Therefore, the relationship between the pattern and a resultant text is isomorphic to the relationship between language and speech. Our analysis of poetic texts by Andrey Monastyrsky and Dmitri Prigov demonstrates the possibilities of studying ...

This paper will illustrate how discourse analysis had been incorporated in Translation Studies. Discourse Analysis originated in Applied Linguistics and refers to the investigation of language in use. Depending on whether the term ‘discourse’ is understood in a narrower or a wider sense, discourse analysis aims at examining the structure and the function of lan­guage in various contexts and/or at revealing patterns of belief and habitual action, as well as social roles and power relations (Critical...

... recipients. Combin­ing explanatory translation, loose translation, occasional equivalents with loan translation translators achieve clarity of the translation, preserving at the same time apparent non-nativeness of the target text, which helps to avoid leveling the sociolect nature of the source texts. Azhezh, K., 2003. Chelovek govoryashchiy: Vklad lingvistiki v gumanitarnyye nauki [Homo loquentes: The contribution of linguistics to the humanities]. Moscow: Edito­rial URSS (in Russ.). Barslund,...

... shades in different languages. Different pairs of languages apparently set their individual spectrum of translation difficulties. We characterise some typical colour-related English into Russian translation difficulties which arise at the cognitive level. Berlin, B., Kay, P., 1969. Basic Color Terms. Their Universality and Evolution. Berke­ley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Ekimov, B., 2016. Golos neba [Voice of heaven]. Available at: http://rulibs . com/ru_zar/prose_contemporary/ekimov/2/j7....

In this article, I define the concept of text and briefly discuss the related concepts of speech and discourse. I demonstrate how the humanities treat texts and examine the structur­al-semiotic and the hermeneutic approach. Further, I identify both the differences between these approaches and the similarities in the ways they interpret texts. I argue that the philo­sophical approach seeks to go beyond the text as far as possible without leaving it altogether and stress that the divide between the...

In exploring the themes of life and death in Yu. N. Ivanov’s novel Dances in the Crematory, I carry out a structural-semantic analysis of the fragmentary chronotope and the ideational- thematic and plot-compositional levels of the novel. I demonstrate that the principle of fragmentarity is utilised by the author to the full extent across the novel, primarily, in its chronotope. The latter is closely connected with the fragmentary-discrete structure of human consciousness ...

... pauses, pause reductions, onomatopoeia, pronunciation irregularities, inclusion of new words and interjections, and rearrangement of fragments. Each deviation produces an additional meaning. As a performer, A. Bashlachev alters the original text at the level of the verbal and musical subtexts to bring to the surface its implicit content. It affects the perception of meaning by the recipient. Deviations often introduce significant changes to the original text and make it more pungent and dramatic to ...

The article is devoted to the development of a fundamental semiotic model of images that is based on the categorical apparatus of Ch. S. Peirce (on the concepts of Firstness, icon, hypoicon and metaphor). The image is proposed to be defined as a complex sign (two-level hypoicon- metaphor), which has a certain “primary” sign as its sign vehicle that represents the object constituted by all the facts (cases of semiosis) that are similar to that primary sign. Three key functions of the image are defined:...

... work is to analyse the process of semiotic hybridisation in internet memes. The authors hold that semiotic hybridisation in internet memes construes the semantics of these units, while their verbal and non-verbal components interact on the conceptual level. The theory of conceptual integration elaborated by J. Fauconnier and M. Turner can provide a theoretical foundation for the analysis of semiotic hybridization. English internet memes are used as examples to illustrate the main research findings....

... linguistic creativity (new terms, syntactic models, utterance structures, communicative speech structure, modality, text generation mechanisms, metaphors, and pragmatics) can be paired with the study of the verbal-semantic, cognitive, and motivational levels of the philosopher’s linguistic persona. The author stresses the importance of the linguistic investigations of philosophical texts for an in-depth interpretation of their philosophical content. 1. Serebrennikov, B. A., 1988. Rol' chelovecheskogo ...

... aims to demonstrate the work of traditional textual mechanisms in contemporary Chinese poetry and to describe their functional features. Poems by Dai Weina, Han Bo, Tashi Tentso, and Zhang Zao employ linguistic means that simultaneously engage several levels of utterances. These linguistic means include non-trivial semantic links created by means of phonographics. A linguistic analysis of relevant contexts shows that all the linguistic means contribute to the semantic cohesion of the text and make ...

This article is the author’s lyrical reflection on the literary life in modern Lithuania. One of its particular aspects is poetical festivals of different levels. In this context, the author considered the 50th festival “The spring of poetry” dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of Kristijonas Donelaitis. The festival made it possible to identify the influence of Donelaitis on modern Lithuanian ...

... processes and rules of syntax, which helps to identify fundamental cognitive factors leading to the possibility of anagrams. These are the transcendence of temporal linear organisation of discursive formation and their comprehensive understanding at deep levels of human mentality. 1. Арутюнова Н. Д., Толстая С. М. От редактора // Логический анализ языка. Язык и время. М., 1997. С. 5—16. 2. Берестнев Г. И. Анаграмматические ...

Gender studies in Russian linguistics largely depend on the development of linguistics and society. Instances of sexism in the Russian language are associated with the level of grammar and observed in proverbs and gender clichés. The author examines differences in communicative styles characteristic of women and men in oral and written speech and consider cases of gender predetermination of language. 1. Вежбицкая ...

This article examines the mechanisms of dream interpretation used by C. G. Jung. It is shown that they differ in depth. The surface level of linguistic consciousness is the focus of paronomasic connections between words in dream descriptions. Deeper levels are targeted by semantic mechanisms: associative, metaphorical, and metonymical ones. In these conditions, of special importance ...

The author explores the conceptual opposition Soul-Body in N. Kononov's story «Eugenia’s Genius". The opposite members of the dichotomy Soul-Body have different forms of linguistic representation. The concept Body is expressed explicitly, whereas Soul is often implicit. Being related to each other, they form an inseparable binom as opposite parts of one whole. 1. Аверинцев А. А. Мифы народов мира : в 2 т. URL: http://www.mifinarodov.com/ (дата обращения: 30.04.2016). 2. Большой академический...

... “Poor Liza” by N. Karamzin. The question of relations between the “narrator” and the “author” is in the focus. The analysis og the story shows that the category of the author’s modality gets implemented with the language means of various levels, i. e. evaluative adjectives, explicit modal words and word combinations (certain word-combinations with modal verbs and predicatives), particular syntactic structures, etc. 1. Ваулина С. С., Кукса И. Ю. Модальность ...

... of 2010—2013 survey of junior and senior students of Kaliningrad State Technical University helps come to a conclusion that the goal of teaching is to develop conscious needs in students and encourage them in individual work in order to improve the level of communicative knowledge. 1. Караулов Ю. Н. Русский язык и языковая личность. М., 2010. 2. Рижский И. С. Опыт риторики, сочиненный и преподаваемый в Санкт-Петербургском ...

... emphasised. The authors consider the various means of semantization of the name of the main male character “Polorotov,” and analyse the interaction between the topography of the town and Venice – the dream city of the main female character. Different levels of text interpretation are identified — from the plot- and everyday life-focused to symbolic and cosmological ones. 1. Андерсен Г. Х. Импровизатор : роман. URL: http://www.sky-art.com/andersen/prose/improvisator /improvisator....

... The third part shows that Lakatos’s methodology can provide a detailed insight into the elements of transcendental philosophy, a clear idea of its logic and identify the component parts that can be improved and developed. In spite of the different levels of detailing and epistemological prerequisites, the methodologies of Kant and Lakatos can be combined to achieve a metaphilosophically informed and progressive understanding of philosophical projects. Apel, K.-O., 2011. Paradigmen der ersten ...

... Treffen Hegels Einwände gegen Kant auch auf die Diskursethik zu? In: J. Habermas. Erläuterungen zur Diskursethik. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 9-30. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hare, R. M., 1981. Moral Thinking. Its Levels, Method, and Point. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hegel, G. W. F., 1991. Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Translated by H. B. Nisbeth, edited by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hegel, G. W. F., 2010. The Science of Logic. Translated ...

... “from the bottom up” if one considers things in the evolutionary dimension, i. e. in the instincts. The second reversal shifts the freedom of will which Kant placed in the same ontological basket with things in themselves at “the top,” to another level of the pyramid of ontologies, by changing dualism to pluralism because dualism is too narrow to accommodate all the autonomous components of critical philosophy. Thus spirit and freedom find a new place separate from the sphere of physical nature; ...

... interrelating the concepts of (a) the faculty of reason, (b) ideas (as principles), (c) method, and (d) sciences of reason. Thereafter (II), I think through his holistic understanding of science and scientific progress and suggest differentiating between four levels of use of architectonic ideas, drawing on the metaphor of a well-structured universe as imagined by Kant in his work on the Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens. I also claim that each possible idea of reason can be (apart from its ...

... Intuitive Basis of Knowledge and The World as an Organic Whole by N. O. Lossky and The Object of Knowledge and The Unknowable by S. L. Frank. My investigation makes it possible to treat Lossky’s categorial framework as the representation of a system of levels of the universe each of which is characterised by two aspects: the ontological, i.e. it is part of the unity of the world, and the gnoseological, i.e. it has an independent cognitive significance. Frank considers categories to be an organic part ...

... theological agnosticism, which correlates with Kant’s own theories. In the poem Kant's Mask and the aphorisms Kant Unmasked, Vl. Mikushevich addresses Kant’s attitude to God from the religiousphilosophical point of view. Such dialogue at a high level of poetic and philosophical culture enriches these cultures. 1. Блок А. Собр. соч.: в 8 т. М.; Л., 1960. Т. 1. 2. Борычев А. На что потратил время сомневающийся Кант! URL: http://www....

The article is devoted to comparison of Kant methodology and the phenomenology, which provide insight into the area of pure consciousness. Divergences in levels of its understanding are marked, disagreements concerning values of reflection and reduction between Kant and Neo-Kantian philosophers and representatives of phenomenology come to light. The analysis of basic concept of phenomenology, «intentionality»,...

... 7. Medushevsky, A. N. 2007, Bogdan Alexandrovich Kistiakovsky: “U nashey intel-ligencii pravosoznanie stoit na kraine nizkom urovne razvitia…” [Bogdan Alexandrovich Kistiakovsky: “Legal consciousness of our intelligencia is at extremely low level of de-velopment”], Rossiyskiy liberalism: idei i liudi [Russian liberalism: ideas and people], Moscow. 8. Sapov, V. V. 1992, Arhiv B. A. Kistiakovskogo [B. A. Kistiakovsky’s archive], Voprosy Sociologii [Sociological Matters], 1(1). Moscow,...

... theoretical ground of pedagogy by adding “pure normative sciences” such as logic and aesthetics to psychology and ethics which are already in use. In the center of his pedagogy Natorp places the concept of “will”. It is directly connected to the three levels of activity of consciousness which are associated with the three stages of education — family education, school and stage of free adult self-education. The last stage represents a “lifelong” process and ideally shouldn’t be bounded by any ...

... community of sentient and intelligent beings. In addressing Platonism, the Kantian tradition, and the philosophy of all-unity, Trubetskoy argued that the purpose of metaphysics was not to search for and formulate the laws of nature but rather to uncover new levels of the understanding of the interaction between thinking and being. 1. Gajdenko P. P. 2001. Vladimir Solov’ov i filosofia Serebrianogo veka [Vladimir Soloviev and the philosophy of the Silver age]. Moskow, 2001. 2. Zinchenko V. P. 2010. Soznanie ...

... determined by the personality-culture-the general will-the state coordinates. The author compares Hessen’s ideas with Bogdan Kistyakovsky’s legal concept. Hessen distinguished between several layers of meaning in the notion of culture — civilizedness, level of education, and civic virtue. He stressed that the personality and culture existed in a dialectical relationship. Hessen emphasised the primacy of personal freedom and the need to distinguish between freedom and power of choice. Acts of choice ...