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This article analyses the theoretical provisions of international acts and domestic legislation regulating extradition and explores the interplay between international and national legal frameworks for extradition, focusing on a mechanism for safeguarding national interests within international treaties on extradition. The study follows the general research principle of objectivity, using, in particular, the formal legal method, abstraction, generalisation and general logical methods. The investigation...

The article addresses certain translation challenges related to rendering quotes from Spanish and English into Russian: interference that occurs when formatting quotes in the target language, the phenomenon of mixed quoting and its features in different languages, and, finally, macro-level issues such as selecting a communicative strategy for translating a quote. Each of these issues is examined both as a linguistic phenomenon in its own right and from a didactic perspective: the difficulties that...

... the importance of focused efforts to cultivate among students of pedagogical universities the professional competencies needed for an individualised educational approach. It also uncovered the potential of a professional examination in evaluating the level of these competencies. In this line of thinking, the examination will serve as a motivation for enhancing the educational curriculum and the environment at a pedagogical university. individuality, individualisation, primary education, teacher ...

... confine themselves to a system-structural approach to language, neglecting or superficially addressing linguistic issues that became a priority at the turn of the 21st century. The topics most frequently covered include the essence of language, language levels, language as a system of signs, the origin of language, language and society, writing systems, languages of the world and the laws of language development, each explored in more than a third of the analysed textbooks. In addition, the following ...

... classifications of fossil resins or their physical and chemical properties. Instead, the focus is on classification systems used for practical production and commercial purposes during amber extraction, sorting, processing, and trade. Three fundamental levels of classification criteria for raw amber are identified: (a) weight or size, (b) stone structure (monolithic versus layered, presence or absence of cracks and impurities), and (c) decorative properties (natural shape, color range, and transparency)....

The level of urbanization is steadily increasing and has already surpassed 82 % in Central Russia. Urban ecosystems face environmental imbalances that can be mitigated through the use of green plants. Establishing an ecological framework plays a key role ...

....0 platform. The framework used was the cyclic peptide PLP-5, listed under number 1375 in the Cybase database. A new peptide with the amino acid sequence QLSNGLFVDYLWW was obtained. According to the peptide bioactivity predictor, it has a bioactivity level of 0.81968 units, with a maximum of 1. The peptide does not cause acute toxicity when administered orally, is non-toxic to the heart, liver, eye mucosa, and respiratory tract, is non-mutagenic, and non-cytotoxic. This allows it to be recommended ...

... the authors' methodology for content analysis of strategies, which enables the identification of the presence of various Arctic-specific topics in the texts. The content analysis of 61 strategies from Arctic regions and municipalities reveals a low level of implementation of federal regulations dedicated to supporting ISNP in regional and municipal SEDS. The development of the "nomadic schools" topic in the SEDS is also examined, and the strategies where this issue is covered are described....

Problems of energy security remain relevant for Russian regions in the current condi­tions. On the one hand, there is a pressing need to protect the economy and the population from energy-related threats at a regional and national level. On the other hand, the tense post-2022 international situation poses new industrial development challenges for regions, prompting some to reorganise domestic and export energy supply. Energy security issues encountered by Russian regions exhibit ...

The developers of ecological ethics claim that the rationale of anthropocentrism is false. Its main message is that natural complexes and resources exist to be useful to the human being who sees them only from the perspective of using them and does not take into account their intrinsic value. Kant’s anthropocentric teaching argues that the instrumental attitude to nature has its limits. These limits are hard to determine because the anthropocentrists claim that the human being is above nature. Indeed...

....jpsychires.2009.01.012 . Crutzen, P. and Stoermer, E., 2000. The Anthropocene. Global Change Newsletter, 41, pp. 17-18. Frasca, G., 2003. Ludologists Love Stories Too; Notes from a Debate That Never Took Place. In: M. Copier and J. Raessens, eds. 2003. Level Up: Digital Games Research: Conference Proceedings. Utrecht: DiGRA and University of Utrecht, pp. 92-99. Funge, J. and Millington, I., 2016. Artificial Intelligence for Games. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Gabbiadini, A., Andrighetto, L. and Volpato, C....

... (ii) rationalism and in general (iii) a lack of balance between different elements such as reason and feelings. In this discussion note, I argue — based on Kant’s theoretical as well as practical philosophies — that the charges are not properly levelled at Kant. (i) In finding truth as well as what is morally right, Kant advocates abstracting from private ends and testing one’s views against the views of others. (ii) Kant also points out the limits of what we can know rationally; (iii) and ...

Today the so-called problem of discourse should boil down to (1) identifying relevant con­textual variables, (2) matching these to specific linguistic categories, and (3) operationalizing the former vis-à-vis the latter. Having posited this, the purpose of the article is twofold. In a more theoretical sense, the purpose is to outline one possible model of context each 'tier' of which is potentially related to certain linguistic categories and linguistic analytical toolkits. The suggested model has...

... novel as a “linguistic thriller”), the representation of the city in the novel is subject to linguistic models and principles. The main of these principles is the isomorphism of the part and the whole. The structural generality of the different levels of the novel and the novel space is based on the technique of inversion. There is a movement of value poles within the system of oppositions, at the level of narrative, plot and space (the aggressor — the victim, the East — the West, the centre ...

... Formula of Humanity. Finally, I shall present the textual evidence that Kant proposes a method like the one we use today during a pandemic, and argue that this alternative interpretation can deal much better with the main objections that are commonly levelled against the standard interpretation of Kant’s procedure to derive concrete duties from the Categorical Imperative. Allison, H., 2011. Kant’s Groundwork for the Meta­physics of Morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Altman, M.C., ...

The key thesis of natural teleology is that the products of nature should be judged by the goal of their existence or they should be explained as if such a goal existed. The prevailing view in the literature is that there are two main stages in the development of teleology in the framework of philosophical knowledge: the classicaland the non­classical. The isolation of these stages is based on the conviction that at a certain period of time finalism is supplanted by the notion of the goal engendered...

... Academy], 1793. Vol. 4. St. Pe­tersburg, (in Russ.). Zolyan, S. T., 2014. Semantika i struktura poeticheskogo teksta [Semantics and struc­ture of poetic text]. Moscow (in Russ.). meaning, significance, image, symbol, motif, poetic semantics, lexical level of a lyrical text, occasional semantics and syntagmatics 61-71 10.59222225-5346-2024-1-3

The discussion aims to identify the interpretive mechanisms that provide an interface be­tween text and context (between language and the world, language and culture, language and society). It is a multi-level system of interfaces connected by inversion and recursion relations and operations. We identify this system as a pragmasemantics. It also acts as an interface platform for correlation/transformation of intra-system semantic units and extralinguistic objects within a set of possible worlds....

... Russian poetry in its relation to digital technologies, employing cognitive-discursive and media-cognitive ap­proaches. Technological metaphor is an implicit property inherent in both technical objects and poetic texts, which manifests itself on two levels: lexical-semantic and cognitive-communicative. The article proposes an approach to the study of technological metaphor in three aspects: the examination of a technical object as containing its own metaphorical sub­strate, the thematization of ...

... the digital author imitates the procedures of natural speech generation. As a result, a new, complicated model of aesthetic communication is formed, complementing the standard positions of the communicative act (author — text — reader) with the level of communicative interaction of anthropic and digital co-authors. The recipient, in the situation of perceiving a text co-written by a person and a neural network, is involved in a complex interpretative game that activates the mechanisms of aesthetic ...

... of his four 'construemes', including the most mysterious com­position called 'Raman' ('the shortest Kan-Fun Novel in the world'). The structure of this text synthesises the verbal, visual-graphic, acoustic (phonological symbols) and musical (notes) levels. The article also examines Chicherin's proven techniques: the appropriation of the sacred dimension and self-presentation as an actor possessing genuine knowledge and ca­pable of competing alone with the entire literary environment. Biryukov,...

... communicative act is viewed as the result of specific failures in speech interaction and the violation of conventions and rules governing discursive behaviour. Linguistic contradictions and conflicts are analysed within the framework of emotiology, at the level of emotivity and the emotive field in the pragmatic space of artistic discourse, as a multimodal phenomenon shaped by systemic relations of emotionalism. Discursive contradictions function as key elements of the structural tension in the text, serving ...

The paper explores the evolution of communication etiquette between humans and artificial intelligence (AI), focusing particularly on the adaptation of traditional politeness strategies. While the politeness of AI can enhance the human level of trust, human politeness towards AI is equally important as it can impact the efficiency of communication. To demonstrate this, I conducted a pilot experiment with ChatGPT 4.0, using polite and non-polite prompts in Russian. The results suggest ...

The study aims to reveal politeness strategies used in natural interaction within a particular community group. The article analyses excerpts from audio recordings of conversations of teenage male friends. The chosen interactional approach relies on Goffman’s notion of face and Brown and Levinson’s model of linguistic politeness, ethnographic methods of collecting data, and conversation analysis. The case study continues the discussion of gender and age aspects of politeness realization and communication...

... (c) consist of the same elements as coding elements, although are interpreted differently. Their interpretant is not amino acids or proteins but the processes of activation or suppression. Communication and information processes at the biomolecular level allow pragmatics to be understood as semiotic operations associated with intra-system self-regulation and the system's external interaction with its context (environment). The processes within a system, as described by Alexander Spirov, create contexts ...

The results of studying the accumulation capabilities of mosses in two peatland ecosystems with different levels of disturbance in the Kaliningrad region—on the Bolshoye bog and the Wittgiren peatland—are presented. The study focused on widely distributed species of mosses: Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum centrale, S. cuspidatum, ...

... examines the dynamics of the territorial structure of contact zones between Slavic and Turkic peoples in the Volga-Ural region during the second decade of the 21st century. The empirical basis of the study consists of ethnic statistics at the municipal level, derived from the 2010 and 2021 population censuses. The article employs original methodologies for identifying the external boundaries of two-component ethno-contact zones, assessing their degree of distinctiveness and ethnic contrast, and determining ...

... runoff index, among others. The investigated water bodies are classified as excavation ponds, characterized by small size, shal­low depth, and limited catchment areas. It was noted that such ecosystems may experience short-term fluctuations in water levels and hydrochemical characteristics, driven by both nat­ural factors (precipitation, groundwater) and anthropogenic influences (flow regulation). The study emphasizes that maintaining favorable ecological conditions in these ponds is possible through ...

... characteristics of coastal landscapes and the degree of their anthropo­genic transformation. The methodology was tested on 31 sections of the Sambia Peninsula’s coastline. The analysis of their attractiveness revealed a predominance of areas with a high level of appeal (56.8 % of the studied coastal length) and a complete absence of low-attrac­tiveness territories. This indicates, on the one hand, the high recreational potential of the area and, on the other, the insufficient realization of this potential....

... and Krasnodar Krai — through an analysis of how economic and geo­graphical factors influence migration patterns, using a multi-scale approach. The study draws on data from Rosstat for the period 2011—2023. The findings indicate that the highest levels of migration attractiveness are observed in the capital agglomerations and coastal municipali­ties. Industrial and production centers also exert a significant influence on migration attrac­tiveness, particularly in areas distant from major urban ...

Currently, significant attention is being devoted at various levels of government to the development of civil society, with support directed toward projects initiated by non-profit organizations (NPOs), local communities, and territorial public self-government bodies (TPSGs). A key requirement for these projects ...

... specific protein markers highly relevant. For insects, as the most widespread group of invertebrates in ecosystems, contamination with traces of heavy metals primarily leads to elimination. There­fore, the heightened sensitivity of insects to pollution levels is considered in laboratory tests for evaluating heavy metal toxicity. Among the existing species, Galleria mellonella was se­lected for toxicity assessment. The evaluation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) toxicity sug­gested the presence of specific ...

... ni­trogen was recorded in the eastern section of the Kaliningrad Sea Canal, including the area near the Kaliningrad wastewater treatment plant outlets. In winter, concentrations of mineral nitrogen and phosphorus corresponded to a potentially hypertrophic level according to the classification for the Baltic Sea waters, which manifests in the high biological productivity of the Pregolya estuarine system. An increase in phosphorus during summer under low nitro­gen concentrations creates conditions for the ...

... re­gions provided on the TasteAtlas platform, a typology of regional gastronomic brands has been developed. This typology takes into account the variability and balance of a brand, as well as the nature of its promotion at the national and international levels. As a result, all regions of the Russian Federation are classified into four types (with several subtypes). For each identified type, practical recommendations are proposed for the further development of re­gional gastronomic brands. gastronomic ...

... Phenomenology of Spirit he undertakes a subtle differentiation of what Kant calls “objective cognition” and shows, on the one hand, which process is already necessary in order to grasp a thing even sensually. On the other hand, he analyses the different levels of experience that are already involved in the simple process of perception. The authors analyse this process as a silent dialogue between Kant and Hegel and show why Hegel’s concept of experience can claim to contribute more to the understanding ...

... more complex, synthetic condition of the unity of experience; as modified forms of spatio-temporal representation, they mediate categories and phenomena, being “homogeneous” with both. At the top of the activity of reason is the most problematic level of the unity of experience, on which intuitions are ordered in accordance with a priori categories. The following conditions of the homogeneity of experience are assessed as being original and going beyond the epistemological problematics: 1) the ...

... that can become legal, play a significant role. The Philo­sophy of Right and The Logic of Philosophy are seen as keys to understanding each other. Therefore the “two-storied building” metaphor used in The Logic of Philosophy to explain the two levels of cognition can be applied to the concept of right. I arrive at the conclusion that the philosophical-legal practice of norm formation, according to Lask, involves “two necessities”: the necessity of recognising the pre-scientific element ...

... the future syllabo-tonic system gradually, slowly, but steadily developed in the depths of verse poetry. Thus, Theophan’s 11-, 10- and 8-syllable verses, as well as non-isosyllabic cants and arrangements of psalms, demonstrate a high (reaching the level of ideal trochaic, iambic, anapestic and dactylic lines) degree of rhythmic orderliness, supported by anaphoric repetitions, internal rhymes, rare inter-verse hyphenations, which together bring the rhythm and intonation of Theophan's elegies, cants ...

This study is driven by the growing importance of political rhetoric in international relations, where the linguistic tools employed by the speaker serve as instruments for strategically managing the perception of the audience. It also addresses the interplay between language and politics under conditions of global international tensions. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the verbalization of communicative strategies within the foreign policy discourse of the President of the Russian...

... Berlin; Boston, pp. 41—68, https://doi.org/ 10.1515/9783110986594-003. Enfield, N. J., 2017. How we talk: the inner workings of conversation . New York. Fliessbach, J., 2024. Mirativity, obviousness, and reversal as instances of contrast on different levels of meaning: Evidence from Spanish intonation. In: J. Brysbaert and K. Lahousse, eds. On the Role of Contrast in Information Structure . Vol. 382. Berlin ; Bos­ton, pp. 101—130, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110986594-005 . Heldner, M., 2011....

... and their implications in biosemiotics shed light on a unique aspect of interpretation: it can occur without an external interpreter owing to its mechanism of self-organization. By studying communication and information processes at the biomolecular level, we can redefine pragmatics as operations intricately linked with systemic self-regulation and interaction with the environment. Aames, J., 2018. The double function of the interpretant in Peirce’s theory of signs. Semiotica, 225, pp. 39—55,...

... corpus-discourse analysis is used. The source of language material is modern domestic media discourse. The direct material of the study is the contexts extracted from the newspaper corpora of the Russian National Corpus. At the preliminary, empirical level of the study, according to the dictionary data, it was found that the meanings of the verbs ‘sovershit’sya’ and ‘svershit’sya’ cannot be distinguished, while the analysis of a large block of corpus data showed significant semantic and ...

Universal competencies are essential for the successful employment of graduates from all educational programs. Employers note their importance for launching a successful career while simultaneously emphasizing the low level of development of universal competencies among university graduates. Although universal competencies, according to current Federal State Educational Standards (FSES), are included in the structure of all educational pro­grams, in practice their ...

... given to Chapelain’s connection with his time, during which the function of literature and the position of the writer were evolving, as well as his substantial contribution to the establishment and consolidation of classicist aesthetics on a national level. The article addresses the critic’s role in the development of literature, his influence on the formation of aesthetic taste, his mediation between the author and the audience, and the nature of the political engagement in literary creativity ...

... identifies the most effective methods for developing interaction skills and gamification techniques that contribute to the development of oral interaction strategies in the formation of foreign language communicative competence at the secondary school level. foreign language teaching, educational technologies, gamification, communicative competence, oral interaction 107-120 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2025-3-10

... is demonstrated that color, not being an independent entity but a quality, acquires in the space of the literary text additional metonymically conditioned meanings through its correlation with the phenomena of existence, in some cases rising to the level of value-­laden symbolic co-meanings. The semantics and pragmatics of each color that shades time in Shakespeare’s texts are determined by metonymic correlation with the phenomena of the external and internal world. Thus, black color, identified ...

With the aim of expanding the research base of concepts and methodologies in the field of educational psychology, this study analyzes the challenges encountered in the process of con­tinuous education for employees in the sphere of prosecutorial activity. Digital services within the Russian Prosecutor’s Office system currently do not adequately provide systematic and high-quality training for newly appointed personnel or support professional development for experienced employees. The key issues are...