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... to be true and its difference from the notion of being true. Secondly, I examine what it means to be convinced and what it means to be persuaded. Finally, I analyse the relevance of alterity for the identification of this difference and consider the importance of freedom of expression. Baumgarten, A. G., 1757. Metaphysica. In: I. Kant, 1922. Kant’s gesammelte Schriften, Volume 15, Part 1. Edit­ed by Königlich-Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter,...

... This approach ignored, first, the authentic definition of enlightenment (in Germany and Russia in the eighteenth century there were authentic terms “Aufklärung” and “prosveshcheniye”, and in France the proto-term “eclairé”) and, second, important national differences in the interpretation of the phenomenon. The emasculate Kantian definition of enlightenment used to legitimise the proposed approach. A closer look at the authentic view of eighteenth-century philosophers and a comparison ...

... the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: German Neo-Kantianism and Vladimir Solovyov’s school of all-unity. Second, Frank himself and the German Neo-Kantians considered Nicholas of Cusa to be one of their forerunners and pointed out the importance of his mathematical ideas for their mathematical studies. Thirdly and lastly, Frank paid particular attention, especially in his formative period as a philosopher, to the leading trend in the early twentieth century, namely German Neo-Kantianism,...

Anton Zimmerling’s interpretation of the discursive particle TI1 is an important achievement. The article considers possibilities used by Zimmerling to interpret TI1 as a dis­cursive particle, enclitic, part of speech and semantic sign. In addition, the article discusses its interpretation as a pragmatic marker. The author ...

... results indicate that neither typological similarity between the source language and the target language, nor association with a specific language group, influences the preference for translating books from a particular language. This highlights the importance of sociocultural factors. Aiden, E. and Michel, J.-B., 2013. Uncharted: Big Data as a Lens on Human Culture. New York: Riverhead Books, 288 p. Azarova, N. M. and Bochaver, S. Yu., 2019. From hardship to ease translation. On modern philosophy ...

... Singapore, São Paulo. van Dijk, T. A. and Atienza, E., 2011. Knowledge and discourse in secondary school social science textbooks. Discourse Studies, 13 (1), pp. 93—118. https://doi . org/10.1177/1461445610387738. Wade, S. E., 2001. Research on Importance and Interest: Implications for Curri­culum Development and Future Research. Educational Psychology Review, 13 (3), pp. 243—261, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016623806093 . Westberg, G., 2021. Affect as a multimodal practice. Multimodality ...

The article is devoted to extralinguistic factors that contribute to the renaming of cities in one of the North Caucasian regions of Russia. The study of toponymy, in particular, the oikonyms of a certain territory, is of great importance for the study of the history, ethnogra­phy, and culture of the people living in this territory. The purpose of this work is to identify the original names of settlements and study new names of cities, which will contribute to a more fruitful ...

... respect for persons, there is a perception, even among Kant scholars themselves, that one cannot reliably derive concrete duties from Kant’s moral philosophy. Against this, I shall argue that — properly understood — Kant’s ethics is of prime importance even today. I shall argue that Kant’s preferred procedure is actually the way we develop new ethical rules during the recent Coronavirus pandemic. In order to demonstrate this, I shall first reflect on how we came up with ethical rules such ...

... previously unpublished translations and archive materials which were part of the scholarly discourse of his time but remained unpublished and then forgotten. The interest of modern Russ­ ian scholars in the work of Cohen does not only point to his importance for the history of philosophy, but attests to the relevance of his ideas whose potential has yet to be fully revealed. The review may serve as a guide to the published literature on Cohen for the students of his philosophy and for all those ...

... comments by Kant scholars on the little work to date have been negative or vague. Here, the text is to be made fruitful for the development of Kant’s thought by shedding light on its historical contexts. On this basis, the little treatise appears as an important link for Kant’s early thinking. It shows how he makes ancient tradition fruitful again for the Enlightenment as a substitute for rapturous and irrational mysticism as we know it from Jacob Böhme, for example. Ackeren, M. van, 2011. Die ...

..., and at the Russian thinkers who had embraced “idealism” on the other. This was essentially the approach adopted by scholars at the Historical Materialism Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences (headed by Vladislav Zh. Kelle) and, even more importantly, this approach is still relevant to the study of the principle of historicity in philosophy and science in Russia today. Analysing the debates between “dialecticians” (headed up by Abram M. Deborin) and “mechanicists” (with whom Axelrod ...

... Tübingen: s.n. Kryshtop, L., 2016. Natural Right Notes Feyerabend and Their Value for Kant Studies. Kantian Journal, 3(57), pp. 67-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2016-3-6 (In Rus.) Kryshtop, L., 2018. Kant’s Lecture Notes on Logic and Their Importance for Kant’s Practical Philosophy Studies. Voprosy filosofii, 9, pp. 175-185. (In Rus.) Kryshtop, L., 2022. Kant’s Lectures on Logic and Their Significance for Сontemporary Kant Studies. Voprosy filosofii, 4, pp. 105-115. Kuehn, M., 2010....

... of cognition, while in the latter case we have “transcendental collapse” — that is, the problem of the correlation between reason and reality which acquires the transcendental property of “paradoxical compatibility”. Finally, I discuss the importance of the problem, arguing that it is the foundation of transcendental philosophy, and that which makes it productive. Bennett, J., 1966. Kant’s Analytic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bennett, J., 1968. Strawson on Kant. The ...

... platform with the platform-as-context, due to the possibility that one generates and determines the operational potential of the other, acting a recursive loop or Möbius strip. The connection between subjectivity and meaningful semiosis is crucially important due to the key role of textualization and langua­ging. The signified are reproduced by signifiers and thus generate those processes that are structured by interactions and other practices. In complex systems (biological and beyond), the possibility ...

The main purpose of this work is to explore the experience of confronting guilt ‘after Auschwitz’ in the creative dialogue between two significant poets of the twentieth century — Paul Celan and Johannes Bobrowski. Despite their importance, their works remain inade­quately studied, particularly in the context of the interaction between language and existence, or more precisely, poetic semiotics and the ontological foundation of existence. Sander Gil­man, an American Germanist,...

... their interpretation in the context of internal formalistic polemics. New materi­als reveal that Zhirmunsky allowed Kœnigsberg to develop his own theory of verse with an orientation towards semantics; whereas Shtokmar, on the contrary, rejected an important part in Zhirmunsky’s rhyme theory. The interrelation between different branches of the Russian formalism become clearer. Akimova, M. V., 2024. State Academy of Artistic Sciences vs. Formalism in Pet­rograd: Theory of verse. 1. On Boris ...

... communication etiquette between humans and artificial intelligence (AI), focusing particularly on the adaptation of traditional politeness strategies. While the politeness of AI can enhance the human level of trust, human politeness towards AI is equally important as it can impact the efficiency of communication. To demonstrate this, I conducted a pilot experiment with ChatGPT 4.0, using polite and non-polite prompts in Russian. The results suggest that politeness is likely to positively impact the accuracy ...

... from consideration. As a result, the highest suitability values were identified in Ussuri Bay, in the coastal zone near the ports of Vostochny and Nakhodka, as well as in the vicinity of the port of Olga. The development of wind energy may serve as an important driver of regional growth both from a technological perspective and in addressing energy shortages, while the produc­tion of “green” hydrogen could establish the region as a major hub for hydrogen trade among the Asia-Pacific countries....

It was not until German Idealism that philosophy briefly regained the importance it had in antiquity. This is indicated precisely by the “peripeteia” in the concept of experience. When Kant and Hegel write about experience, they mean quite different things on the other. Kant’s concept of experience is law-like, invariant ...

... consciousness, I reconstruct the transcendental model of experience in terms of the conditions of its coherence. This model includes the systematic unity of the properties of objects, which is the flip side of the rational unity of cognizing reason. Important conditions of the unity of experiential data are their connectedness due to the homogeneity of time and space (non-empirical intuition), and the organizing work of the a priori forms of sensing, which creates the sequence and coordination of ...

... corresponds to the meanings of culture. In the “semi-finished product” the realm of right is partly “scientific” and partly “pre-scientific”, which makes the question of transition from the “pre-legal” to “legal” reality particularly important. The transition is revealed through the creation of legal concepts, in which their pre-scientific formation (vorwissenschaftliche Begriffsbildungen) and the teleological principle, which is responsible for the selection of the pre-legal empirical ...

... http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3521354.0019.045 > [Accessed 20 July 2025]. Bryan, B., 2019. Duty-Sensitive Self-Ownership. Social Philosophy & Policy, 36(2), pp. 264-283. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265052519000487 Carter, I., 2019. Self-Ownership and the Importance of the Human Body. Social Philosophy & Policy, 36(2), pp. 94-115. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265052519000384 Chaly, V. A., 2014. Kant’s Philosophical Ideas in Robert Nozick’s Political Theory. Kantian Journal, 2, pp. 46-52. https://doi....

... otorhino­lar­yngologist, a lecturer at the University of Königsberg, as well as an original poet and pub­li­cist. The study, based on biographical and narrative methods, reveals the main stages of Ger­ber’s life, and clarifies the dating of its most important events. The author comments the Ger­ber’s most significant works, including scholarly publications on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Wolfgang Goethe (the article briefly covers subsequent scholarly controversy sur­rounding the article ...

... [Selected works on linguistics]. Moscow, pp. 37—298 (in Russ.). Jakobson, R., 1975. Linguistics and poetics. In: Strukturalizm: «za» i «protiv» [Struc­turalism: “pro” and “contra]. Moscow, pp. 193—230 (in Russ.). Jakobson, R., 1996. The importance of linguistic universals for linguistics. In: Yazyk i bessoznatel'noe [Language and the unconscious]. Moscow, 184—198 (in Russ.). Karaulov, Yu. N., 2010. Russkii yazyk i yazykovaya lichnost' [Russian language and linguistic personality]....

... pragmatics. The sample includes 100 film synopses for Russian films spanning 2010—2023. The analysis of the elements of their semantic structure shows that in film synopses, semantic incomp­le­teness takes the shape of semantic gaps and implicatures. Importantly, it affects any element, inc­luding the inciting incident, personages and spatial and temporal settings. The findings re­veal that the intentional omission is predominantly implicit and the employment of inference cannot fill all semantic ...

This study is driven by the growing importance of political rhetoric in international relations, where the linguistic tools employed by the speaker serve as instruments for strategically managing the perception of the audience. It also addresses the interplay between language and politics ...

... methods of analysis. The main material for analysis is the Russian language. The multimodal subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language was used as a corpus for the study. The primacy of prosody over segmental means of expressing the most important pragmatic meanings is demonstrated, in particular, using the material of the previously insufficiently studied speech act of an echo-question. An echo-question is statistically often a short speech act with minimal segmental material (“What?...

... a postage stamp is initially a utilitarian means of payment, it is capable of implementing many functions, and its pragmatics are directly related to the representation and transmission of cultural and ideological meanings, which makes the stamp an important means of forming cultural identity. Collectable practices make stamps semiotic artefacts that lose their utilitarian meaning and acquire new cultural connotations. The analysis of the series of postage stamps dedicated to the anniversaries of ...

... power, manifested in the ability to ascribe meaning to objects and events, and, thereby, shape public opinion. In this sense, the guide moves beyond the role of a mere narrator, assuming the function of a creator of meanings. Guided tours perform an important social function, fostering a positive image of the territory, its history, and culture for visitors. In this regard, particular attention is paid to the political regulation of the goals and content of excursions. The study concludes that strict ...

Universal competencies are essential for the successful employment of graduates from all educational programs. Employers note their importance for launching a successful career while simultaneously emphasizing the low level of development of universal competencies among university graduates. Although universal competencies, according to current Federal State Educational Standards ...

... includes data literacy, digital ecosystem management, and legal awareness. The necessity of personalizing educational trajectories according to learners’ cognitive styles is also substantiated to overcome normative rigidity. The conclusions emphasize the importance of modernizing educational programs through the integration of the identified components of digital competence and the implementation of flexible, personalized approaches to learning in a digital environment. digital competences, personalization ...

... only Hester Prynne successfully undergoes the “forest initiation.” This observation allows us to draw conclusions about the author’s true sentiment regarding the legend of the Black Man in the forest. The relevance of this research stems from the importance of engaging with classical texts and addressing existing gaps in scholarship, particularly the exploration of spatial poet­ics in Hawthorne’s work. Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Scarlet Letter”, spacial poetics, forest, the topos ...

... on the contrary, often leads to a decline in reputational indicators. The proposed methodology for analyzing media discourse can serve as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of communication strategies of regional elites. The study emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach that takes into account the specific characteristics of territories in shaping the public image of political au­thority. Lavrikova A.A., Teteruk D.S. political media discourse, information agenda, political communica­tions,...

... for the first time. The author shows how the policy of hyper-centralization of management was combined with attempts to adapt to regional conditions. Despite the decline in the port’s international role due to foreign policy changes, it retained the importance of a key transport hub ensuring the supply of re­mote territories and supporting the industrialization of the Far East. The main conclusion emphasizes that during the period under consideration in conditions of completion of the transition ...

... involved in self-governance. No statistically significant differences were found based on the type of self-governance. Girls more actively use cognitive strategies than boys, but no differences were found in other indicators. This study emphasizes the importance of further analysis of the role of student self-governance in the development of agency and self-regulated learning. agency, self-regulated learning, metacognition, student self-governance, school education, educational setting 95—113 ...

The relevance of the problem addressed lies in the importance of studying the category of home, which actualizes essential spiritual and moral meanings, and its variant, the anti-home. Analyzing the spatial organization of V. G. Korolenko’s story Yashka reveals that the vertical and horizontal arrangement ...

Local authorities are the closest level of government to the population, and it is at the municipal level that political and administrative decisions are made which directly affect the interests of every citizen. This underlines the importance of digitalizing the activities of local self-government bodies. The development of internet technologies creates new tools for citizen participation in municipal politics. The distinctive features of digital forms of political participation ...

... influence on specific regional actors are undergoing transformation. One such region is Central Asia. In this article, the region is viewed primarily as a community of five former Soviet republics that have become independent states. However, it is important to recognize that Central Asia also encompasses Afghanistan, Mongolia, and parts of India, China, and Russia, which significantly broadens the concept of the region and increases its geopolitical significance. Russia and Central Asia are historically ...

Based on the analysis of the data from a mass survey of the population of the Kaliningrad region conducted in 2023, a preliminary hypothesis is proposed regarding the specifics of the regional variant of the “pantheon of heroes” — an important structural element of the cultural memory of Kaliningrad residents. Peter the Great (across all age groups), Joseph Stalin, and Catherine II possess the greatest potential as “symbols of Russia,” whose activities respondents generally evaluate ...

... science requires constant reflection, clarification, and updating. Legal punishment, being one of the most significant general theoretical legal categories, remains among the least studied today. The aim of the present study is to conceptualize the most important general theoretical characteristics of punishment, including its main features, its interaction with related legal categories, and current developmental trends. The author attempts to formulate provisions that may serve as a starting point for ...

... as well as examples of its regional advancement in the international economic community and cooperation with other countries and regions through the free trade area (FTA) mechanism. Particular attention is given to the role of “soft power” as an important instrument of the EAEU’s international policy, contributing to the strengthening of its strategic position, improving the economic situation across the EAEU space, and expanding opportunities for successful economic and socio-political cooperation....

Restrictive measures (sanctions) against third countries currently represent one of the most important instruments of the European Union’s foreign policy. By imposing sanctions, the EU responds to global challenges and events that contradict the Union’s political and humanitarian objectives and values, thereby seeking to promote peace, democracy,...