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Almost all recent historical and literary studies agree that the Livonian Chronicle conveys an impression of a poetical work containing archaic elements. The affinity between the Chronicle and German heroic epic poetry is often stressed. The established perspective, which distorts the image of the Chronicle, requires adjustment. This literary study into the Chronicle’s text complements research on the development of corporate identity in ...

This article analyses legal issues relating to the German ratification of the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Mon-etary Union. The author analyses the key decisions of the Federal Consti-tutional Court of Germany on this issue. Special attention is paid to the need ...

... the other hand, they emphasized the aspirations of the local political and business elite to develop economic cooperation with the Soviet Union. The People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs tried to transform East Prussia into a Soviet lobby in the German government. These plans were not implemented at that time, but the 1920s ideas of cooperation between the two states on the anti-Polish basis were put into practice on the eve of World War II. 1. Gorlov, S. A. 1990, Sovetsko-germanskoe voennoe ...

... Gorbacheva s amerikancami [Treason in the Kremlin: the protocols of secret agreements with the American Gorbachev], Moscow, 352 p. 6. Diekmann, K., Reutch R. G (eds.), 1996, Helmut Kohl: „Ich wollte Deutschlands Einheit“ [Helmut Kohl: "I wanted German unity"], Berlin, Propyläen, 488 S. 7. Gyanzyalis, B. 2006, Peripetii priznanija gosudarstvennosti Litvy [The ups and downs recognizing the statehood of Lithuania]. In: Baltijskij put' k svobode. Opyt nenasil'stvennoj bor'by stran Baltii v ...

... indicate that, despite the rapid growth in staff numbers and production volumes, the plant constantly faced a severe shortage of skilled workers, high staff turnover, and low effec­tiveness of the training system through factory schools. The labor of the German population and prisoners of war played an important role in the establishment of the plant. The conclu­sions demonstrate that personnel instability and lack of qualifications became key factors lim­iting the sustainable development of the enterprise ...

The article presents a brief biography of Friedrich Münzer (1868—1942), a prominent German historian of Antiquity, a expert in Roman political history. Throughout his life, Münzer taught at the universities of Basel, Königsberg, and Münster, demonstrating high creative activity and publishing numerous works on ancient history. His ...

The article presents the results of using mental mapping in studying the concept of the border between Western and Eastern Europe. Since the collapse of the USSR the border under study has been transforming due to the aspirations of certain post-Soviet countries as well as the expanding scope of the Euro-Atlantic integration. The study is based on the survey of the MGIMO first-year students who drew the border between Eastern and Western Europe on a map and answered questions on travel frequency...

Based on archival documents, materials from regional and national German press, and personal sources, the article examines the reactions in East Prussia to the Kapp Putsch of 1920, which aimed to overthrow the legitimate government of the Weimar Republic. Unlike most other German territories, the putschists in East ...

... Agents. Ethics and Information Technology, 8, pp. 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-006-9111-5 . Kant, I., 1997a. The Critique of Practical Reason. In: I. Kant, 1997. Sochineniya v 4-h tomah na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh [Works in 4 Volumes in German and Russian Languages]. Volume 3. Moscow: Moskovskii filosofskii fond, pp. 279-733. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 1997b. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1997. Sochineniya v 4-h tomah na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh [Works in 4 Volumes ...

... their connection to other living beings. Constructing a dialogue between Kant and Schaeffer helps to solve two problems. First, to determine whether Kant’s ethical and teleological concept is immune to Schaeffer’s critique. Second, to clarify the German philosopher’s contribution to environmental ethics. I come to the conclusion that it is premature to claim that consciousness and free will exist only in the framework of their being conditioned by nature. I also demonstrate that in his teleological ...

... about society, can contribute to or impede the formation of a new ideological foundation of society whose aim, according to Enlightenment 2.0, should be overcoming the antagonism between the individual and the collective. Alves, A., 2019. The German Tradition of Self-Cultivation (Bildung) and its Historical Meaning. Educação & Realidade, 44(2), pp. 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-623683003 . Andersen, L. R., 2020. Bildung — Keep Growing. Vermlandsgade: Nordic Bildung. Andersen, L....

... Enlightenment. This turns our attention away from entire layers of philosophical thought, since the Kantian definition of enlightenment in the late eighteenth century was neither the only one nor the preeminent one. The study of alternatives represented in the German philosophy of that period gives a deeper insight into the originality of the Kantian approach with regard to both its merits and demerits. The presentation of the Kantian definition of enlightenment as the standard turns out to be a rather late ...

... Dmitrieva, ed. 2022. IV Letnyaya Shkola po izucheniyu naslediya I. Kanta. Uchenie Kanta o voine i mire v filosofii Prosveshcheniya i nemetskogo idealisma [4th Kant Summer School: Kant’s Doctrine on War and Peace in the Philosophy of Enlightenment and German Idealism: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference; Academia Kantiana of the IKBFU]. Kaliningrad: IKBFU Press, pp. 16-21. https://doi.org/10.5922/978-5-9971-0695-9-3 (In Rus.) Wallace-Wells, D., 2019. The Uninhabitable Earth: Life ...

... role of translators is reflected in the rise of translation share in the publishing house. There is an observed growth in the number of source languages for translation, with a dec­rease in the proportion of English. Translations from French, Italian, German, Scandinavian languages, Portuguese, and Japanese have emerged. A comparison with the Polyandria Rus­sian Publishing House during the period of 2020—2023 reveals common and distinct source lan­guages. Both publishers translate literature into ...

The article explores the images of the German cities, Lubeck and Hamburg, presented in Nikolay Gretsch’s travelogue “The real trip to Germany in 1835”. The author determines the link between the images of the two cities and the tradition of describing Germany as an idyllic place. This ...

... 2022. Reading Heidegger against the Grain: Hans Jonas on Existentialism, Gnosticism, and Modern Science. Modern Intellectual History, 19(2), pp. 527-550. https://doi.org/10.1017/S147924432100010X . Hotam, Y., 2007. Gnosis and Modernity — a Postwar German Intellectual Debate on Secularisation, Religion and ‘Overcoming’ the Past. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 8(3/4), pp. 591-608. James, W., 1988. The Meaning of Truth. In: W. James, 1988. Writings 1902-1910. New York, N. Y.: ...

... Critique of Dogmatic Theology. In: L. N. Tolstoy, 1904. My Confession. Critique of Dogmatic Theology. Boston: D. Estes & Co, pp. 93-451. Topornin, B. N., ed. 1994. Gosudarstvennoe pravo Germanii. Sokrashchennyj perevod nemeckogo semitomnogo izdaniya [German State Law. Abridged Translation of the German Seven-Volume Edition], 2 Volumes. Moscow: IGiP RAN Press. (In Rus.) Zor’kin, V. D., ed. 2011. Kommentarij k Konstitucii Rossijskoj Federacii [Commentary to the Constitution of the Russian Federation]....

... “Crib” His Enlightenment Project from Kant? (And If So, Why Didn’t He Cite the Source?). Logos, 31(5), pp. 27-57. Karamsin, N., 1803. Travels from Moscow, through Prussia, Germany, Switzerland, France, and England. Volume 1. Translated from the German [by A.A. Feldborg]. London: Printed for J. Badcock… by G. Sidney... Korsakov, S. N., 2012. Political Persecution in the Institute of Philosophy in 1930s and 1940s. Philosophy Journal, 1(8), 120-170. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2012. Kant i kantovskya ...

... to change this by explaining the contexts of the short missive. In the first part this concerns in particular the influence that Gottsched exerted on the style of such printed speeches or necrolo­gies. Kant’s references therefore to the ‘Royal German Society’ in Königsberg and its founder Flottwell, a friend of Gottsched’s, are described. The influence of the Roman Stoa then becomes much clearer through the influence of Gottsched’s rhetoric textbook. All in all, Kant attempts to present ...

... shkola po izucheniyu naslediya Immanuila Kanta. Uchenie Kanta o voyne i mire v filosofii Prosveshcheniya i nemetskogo idealizma [The Fourth International Kant Summer School. Kant’s Doctrine of War and Peace in the Philosophy of the Enlightenment and German Idealism]. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, Zelenogradsk, Kaliningrad Region, 24—31 July 2022. Kaliningrad: IKBFU Press. Kant, I., 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgment. Edited by P. Guyer. New York: Cambridge University ...

It was not until German Idealism that philosophy briefly regained the importance it had in antiquity. This is indicated precisely by the “peripeteia” in the concept of experience. When Kant and Hegel write about experience, they mean quite different things on the ...

... 85-106. Krouglov A. N., 2021a. The Teaching of Reason by Christian Thomasius. In: A.N. Krouglov, ed. 2021. “Venskaya logika” I. Kanta [“The Vienna Logic” by I. Kant]. Moscow: Kanon+, pp. 12-30. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2021b. Frontispieces in German Enlightenment Logic Textbooks as Programmatic Visual Aids. Logiko-filosofskie shtudii [Logico-Philosophical Studies], 19(1), pp. 12-90. https://doi.org/10.52119/LPHS.2021.54.16.002 (In Rus.) Krouglov A. N., 2021c. Christian Wolff’s Logic. In: ...

The article explores the biography of Professor Paul Henry Gerber (1863-1919), a bright representative of the intellectual elite of Königsberg at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. A native of the capital of the German province East Prussia, he was an outstanding otorhino­lar­yngologist, a lecturer at the University of Königsberg, as well as an original poet and pub­li­cist. The study, based on biographical and narrative methods, reveals the main stages ...

... Russian literary language: in 17 volumes.]. Vol. 4. Moscow (in Russ.). Vlasova, E. V., 2005. Rechevaya agressiya v pechatnykh SMI (na materiale nemetsko- i russkoyazychnykh gazet 30-kh i 90-kh gg. KhKh veka) [Speech aggression in the print media (based on German and Russian-language newspapers of the 30s and 90s of the 20th century)]. Ph. D. Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky (in Russ.). Vorontsova, T. А., 2006. Rechevaya agressiya: kommunikativno-diskursivnyi podkhod [Speech aggression: ...

... Xiaomang’s translations of the Critique of the Power of Judgment (2002), the Critique of Practical Reason (2003), and the Critique of Pure Reason (2004), were the first Chinese editions of Kant’s three Critiques translated in their entirety from the German originals. This interview tracks his scholarship, placing it within the broader scope of historical and contemporary Kant scholarship in China. Among the topics addressed, the reception of Kantian philosophy among the so called “New Confucians”,...

... pp. 246-254. (In Rus.) Demin, M. R., 2010. The Right to Kant: on the Dispute between Adolf Trendelenburg and Kuno Fischer. In: I. Griftsova and N. Dmitrieva, eds. 2010. Neokantianstvo nemetskoe i russkoe: mezhdu teoriej poznanija i kritikoj kultury. [German and Russian Neo-Kantianism: Between the Theory of Cognition and the Critique of Culture]. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 66-85. (In Rus.) Dlugach, T. B., 2016. Riddles of Transcendental Idealism (Marburg School of Kantianism). History of Philosophy Yearbook’2016,...

... philosophico-political, philosophico-religious, aesthetic, etc. — in which an intellectual influence from Kant is discernible or in which a polemical stance is taken against him. But the prevailing theme of the conference will be the practical philosophy of the German and Russian philosophers: in 2018, 230 years have passed since the publication of Kant’s main ethical work, the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and, in 2019, 120 years will have passed since the publication of Solovyov’s final version ...

... enable Boldyrev, proceeding from the separation of reflection and sensibility, to build a doctrine on the self-unfolding of being. Similar tendencies — a turn towards ontology — were observed in the same period in West European philosophy, including German Neo-Kantianism. However, the concepts of Russian Neo-Kantians, which imply a new orientation towards ontology, are fairly independent, and not only on account of the original interpretation of Kantian critical philosophy and Neo-Kantian epistemology,...

... [Conversations of V. Duvakin with M. Bakhtin]. Introduction by S. G. Bocharov and V. V. Radzishevsky; Afterword by V. V. Kozhinov. Moscow: Progress. (In Rus.) Belov, V. N., 2000. Neokantianstvo. Part 1: Vozniknovenie neokantianstva. Marburgskaya shkola. German Kogen [Neo-Kantianism. The Rise of Neo-Kantianism. Marburg School. Hermann Cohen]. Saratov: “Nauchnaya kniga”. (In Rus.) Belov, V. N., 2004. Philosophy of Hermann Cohen and Russian Neo-Kantianism. In: History of Philosophy Yearbook — 2003....

In this study, I investigate the philosophico-pedagogical concepts developed by German and Russian Neo-Kantians, namely P. Natorp, S. I. Hessen, M. M. Rubinstein. In order to identify the peculiarities of the approaches of the Neo-Kantians to legal consciousness in children, I show that the widely accepted view that Hessen borrowed ...

... A. Welchman and M. Reglitz. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. 2. Maimon, S., 2017. Filosofskie trudy. T. 1: Opyt transcendental’noy filosofii [Philosophical Works. Volume 1: An Essay on Transcendental Philosophy], translated from German by G. Gimelshtein, I. Mikirtumov; edited by A. Ivanenko; Nabegi na oblast’ filosofii [Forays in the Field of Philosophy], translated from German by A. Ivanenko. St. Petersburg: Gumanitarnaya Akademiya.

The author shows the importance of the analysis of Kant's epistolary heritage in the reconstruction of the evolution process of German Classic philosophy. This article defines the role of Moses Mendelsohn, Kant's letters to whom became a turning point in the works of the great German philosopher, in the context of this heritage. 1. Гулыга А. В. Кант. М., 1977. 2....

In modern theoretical analytical philosophy, the interest in Kant is primarily due to discussions on the nature of sensory perceptions, on the epistemological status of experience, and on the so-called ‘constructivism’. The conflict of interpretations goes so far that some consider Kant to be a conceptualist, while others consider him an anti-conceptualist. For some, he is an internalist and, for others, an externalist. For some, he is a constructivist and, for others is a realist. This paper develops...

... focus is the philological difficulties of translating Pope’s proposition “Whatever is, is right” into the French language — which was part of the competition task. The author considers the ways the proposition was translated into the Russian and German languages. The article shows the contribution of Voltaire and his Poem on the Lisbon Disaster and Candide: or, Optimism to the post factum changes in the perception of the competition results and to the emergence of new shades of meaning in the ...

The article deals with the jey areas of Russian Neo-Kantianism studies in Poland. Although the number and quality of studies on the history of Russian Neo-Kantianism cannot be equated to those on the history of German Neo-Kantianism, the situation is improving. The authors stress the undeniable progress in Russian Neo-Kantianism studies in Poland: monographs, articles, collections, and research projects dedicated to certain scholars or aspects of the history ...

... between Kant’s aesthetic theory and the ensuing romantic concepts of is established. In the conclusion, the authors stresses the influence of Kant’s theory on the development of hermeneutics, which has been aimed at avoiding pseudo-understanding since German Romanticism. 1. Gadamer H.-G. 1991, Aktual’nost’ prekrasnogo [The Actuality of the Beautiful], Moscow, 367 p. 2. Gadamer H.-G. 2006, Igra iskusstva [The Play of Art], Voprosy filosofii, no. 8, p. 164—168. 3. Gadamer H.-G. 1988, Istina i ...

... and being. 1. Bobkov, I. M. 2007, Kristeva Julia. Novejshij filosofskij slovar. Postmodernizm [The newest philosophical dictionary. Postmodernism]. Minsk, p. 245—248. 2. Botnikova, A. B. 2003, Nemetzkij romantizm: dialog chudozhestvenych form [German Romanticism: The Dialogue of Literary Forms], Voronezh. 3. Hoffmann, E. T. A. 1967, Zhytejskije vozrenija kota Murra. Povesti i raskazy [The Life and Opinions of the Tomcat Murr. Tales and Stories]. Moskwa. 4. Greshnykh, V. I. 2001, Misterija ducha....

... v Rossii: osobiennosti recepcii [The teachings of Hermann Cohen in Russia: especially the reception] // Neokantianstvo nie-mieckoje i russkoje: mezdu tieoriej poznanija i kritikoj kultury / pod red. I. N. Grifcovoj, N. А. Dmit-rijewoj [Russian and German Neo-Kantianism: between epistemology and criticism of culture / ed. I. N. Griftsova, N. A. Dmitrieva]. Мoscow, p. 299—317. 3. Belov V. N. 2012 (a), V. E. Sezeman — sistiematik russkogo neokantianstwa [V. E. Se¬semann — systematics of Russian ...

Necessity is a key philosophical notion, which is used in different disciplines from logic to ontology. In the German philosophy of the Enlightenment, this concept was centralto the work of many thinkers. For them, necessity is related not only to logic but rather to the disciplines of general and special metaphysics. It is explained by that the principle of sufficient ...

... complete science, which acts as a basis for identifying pure concepts of the understanding. J. Jungius considers the question about the limits of our cognition reflective and forbids posing it in the beginning of research.J. Jungius formulated the basis of German methodological tradition through reorienting theory of science towards the search for rational bases of scientific experience and emphasising the fundamental role of mathematical knowledge. J. Jungius’s epistemological doctrine contains the following ...