Semantic transformation of the noun mamochka: from ‘wife’ to ‘cannon’
... the content of a linguistic sign is determined by the connection between the meaning and a set of subjective perceptions that form the meaning. Our study aims to reveal the influence of individual perceptions of the meaning on the extension of the semantic structure of a word, using the kinship term ‘mamochka’ as an example. The article focuses on instances where the word ‘mamochka’ is used in fiction and, to some extent, Internet texts. The article examines cases spanning from the 1840s to the 2010s to explore the secondary usage of the term. The corpus, comprising a total of 2,192 cases, was carefully collected and annotated. Out of these cases, 362 examples were identified as ...
‘Mother’, ‘wife’ and ‘friend’: semantics and pragmatics of an address
This article explores the semantic and pragmatic features of the word 'mother' when used as a term of address. It examines secondary uses of the term in literary texts from the 1780s to the present, a sample of 4,272 tokens, alongside dictionary definitions. The study revealed that, in different communicative situations, the term 'mother' can convey a range of sometimes contradictory attributes such as 'patronage',...
The alien and (or) one’s own: modern hidden calques (based on the collocation Kak po Mne [as for me])
... hidden borrowing — po mne [for me / to me]. Coexisting in the recipient language with the native expression po mne, the hidden semantic calque appears as its structural-semantic variant with an intensifier.
The article also presents survey data from ... ... beginning of the 21st centuries: problems of development and functioning]. Moscow, 495 p. (in Russ.).
Meshkova, L. N., 2012. Texting as a phenomenon of modern culture.
Izvestiya Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V.
G. Belinskogo
...
What is good: to the history of evaluative adjectives in the language of the early Soviet period
The article is devoted to the semantic evolution of the evaluative adjectives ‘horoshii’ and ‘plohoi’ (‘good’ and ‘bad’) in the early Soviet language. Through the use of party documents, propaganda slogans, letters to the government and literary texts of the 1920—1930s, the article reveals how these words turned into universal markers reflecting conformity to new social and political standards. The first part of the article analyzes the role of the adjective ‘good’ as a universal rhetorical ...
Meaning of proper names in contexts of attitudes: de re naming and fictions
...
Geurts, B., 2017. Fictional Commitments.
Theoretical Linguistics
, 43 (1—2), pp. 53—60.
Heim, I., 1983. File change semantics and the familiarity theory of definiteness. In: R. Bäuerle, Ch. Schwarze and A. von Stechow, eds.
Meaning, Use and ... ... Heidelberg, pp. 125—394.
Kripke, S., 1979. Puzzle about Belief. In: A. Margalit, ed.
Meaning and Use. Synthese Language Library (Texts and Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy),
3. Dordrecht, pp. 239—283.
Kripke, S., 1980.
Naming and Necessity
. Cambridge,...
The problem of meaning in Social Semiotics: deep semiotics as a conceptual extension of Social Semiotics
... evaluation, and empathy.
Ankersmit, F., 2003. Narrativnaya logika. Semanticheskii analiz yazyka istorikov [Narrative logic. Semantic analysis of the language of historians]. Moscow (in Russ.).
Ankersmit, F., 2014. Esteticheskaya politika. Politicheskaya ... ... Foundation of the Theory of Signs. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Thibault, P. J., 1991. Social semiotics as praxis: Text, social meaning making, and Nabokov’s Ada. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Randviir, A., 2004. Mapping the ...
The Nature of Appearance in Kant’s Transcendentalism: A Seman- tico-Cognitive Analysis
... (external to us) and the representation (within us). On the other hand, appearance as an object of empirical intuition mediates the objective thing and its subjective representation. The introduction of the concept of appearance allows Kant to solve the semantic problem of the conformity of the representation to the object. In this case, appearance is not an object, but just a designation of the object (KrV, B 235). Thus, appearance cannot be understood ontologically as a physical object or a relation....
Seme-symbol as a means of novel meaning formation in denominal verbs
The paper describes the results of denominal verb analysis. Corpora of media texts provide material for the analysis. The author explores patterns of novel meaning formation in denominal verbs. The proposed method is based on the notion of ‘seme-symbol’. The author reconstructions the semantic structure of motivating nouns and determines the role of different elements in the semantic structure of the verb. It is stressed that context contributes to the actualization or neutralization of particular semes, which leads to redistribution ...
Infinitive sentences as a means of expressing modal semantics
... background of the utterance. The authors identify a variety of modal meanings, including those of necessity and obligation expressed by constructions with an independent infinitive in legislative directive documents. The authors analyze the dependence of the semantics of these constructions on the genre of the text.
1. Буралова Р. А. Оптативные высказывания с независимым инфинитивом в современном русском языке // Функциональный анализ прагматических ...
Language features of Bertha von Suttner's autobiography, «Lebenserinnerungen», in gender studies
... gender aspect in the auto-biography "Lebenserinnerungen" by the Austrian writer Bertha von Suttner (XIX-XX c. с.). The analysis is performed on the example of the lexical-semantic category "The Feminine" which is implemented in the text in reference to lexical-semantic subcategories in explicit and implicit ways. The main language markers of the lexical-semantic subcategory "I am a woman" representing the explicit way of realization of "The Feminine" are self-nominations ...
Language markers of terrorist-colored text and methods for their identification
... topics, served as the material for analysis. A comprehensive method of analyzing T-texts was proposed, aimed at detecting, identifying and distributing T-information over the danger scale: a method of level analysis of language material, in which the text is analyzed as a semantic space formed by linguistic means of different levels, and a method of semasiological analysis of language material, which allows identifying elements of rigid ideologization, due to the terrorist ideology prevailing in the T-space, and unidirectional ...
Multimodal text as a means of political identification: an analysis of the Russian blogosphere
... typology is confirmed through a comparative study of politically oriented blogs and those that address political topics occasionally. The study also identifies mechanisms that increase the communicative potential and persuasive power of the ideological and semantic content, using semiotic and discourse analysis.
Anisimova, E. E., 1992. Paralinguistics and text (on the problem of creolized and hybrid texts). Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 1, pp. 71—79 (in Russ.).
Barash, R. E. and Antonovskiy, A. Yu., 2019. Rebellious man, be visible, or perish! Visualisation of the semantics ...
On the less obvious manifestations of the poetic function: a translator’s view
...
Korolyova, E. I., 2016. Ekspressivnye grammaticheskie sredstva yazyka v aspekte funktsional'no-semanticheskogo polya (na materiale sovremennoi britanskoi belletristiki) [Expressive grammatical means of the language in the aspect of the functional and semantic field (based on the material of modern British fiction). PhD Dissertation. Yekaterinburg (in Russ.).
Kurganova, E. B., 2004. Igrovoj aspekt v sovremennom reklamnom tekste [The word-play aspect of contemporary advertising text]. Voronezh (in Russ.).
Littell, R. 1950. Ten Steps. In: Modern English Short Stories by American Authors. An Advanced Reader. N. Y.: Regents Publishing Company, pp. 100—103.
Loginova, E. G., 2019. Polymodal scripts of semiotic resonance in the ...
Functions of syntactic structures in the context of jakobson’s model of communication
... conative, referential and metacommunicative functions of syntactic constructions are revealed. The author demonstrates the breadth of the functional spectrum of syntactic units in poetic discourse. The semantics of sentences is an integral part of the semantic structure of a poetic text. Poetic syntax, closely related to the melody, metrics and composition of the poetic text, plays a key role in creating rhythm. In Yevgeny Boratynsky's poem, the ‘twilight’ syntax with its particular complexity of organisation contributes to ...
«Nomen est omen»: the role of names in the novel Parade by Nikolay Kononov
... of the protagonist with the two key concepts of the novel — love (LEV = LoVE) and death. Similarly, this code works with the names of Lyuda (‘ludus’ as ‘game’ in Latin; Lev playing with Lyuda — ‘homo ludens’). The name Arkady is semantically associated with death in the expression ‘et in Arcadia ego’. The names of the characters in the novel are the key to the understanding of the threefold structure of the text. The short form of the name Arkady (Adya = Ad (Hell) + I) refers to Hell as one of the three parts of the Universe in the Catholic religion, followed in the text by Paradise and Purgatory. The author concludes that the names perform a text-generating ...
Synergy character of the category "author" as an object of linguistic interpretation
The article dwells on the particularities of the author’s speech activity in a fictional text as a part the narrative discourse, the interpretative category of author being discussed in the logics of synergetics. In this synergetic mode, the most characteristic manifestations of the actualization in the text structure of synergetic interaction ...
The category of “Security” in Jules Verne’s novel “The Children of Captain Grant”
... apaisement, asile, assurance, calme, confiance, garantie, talisman, tranquillit?, paix, pr?cision, protection, justesse, fid?lit?, franchise, s?ret?, s?curit?, and solidit?. Lexical units expressing the category of security occur unevenly throughout the text. The core of the semantic field is formed by the lexical units confiance and calme. The near periphery includes s?ret?, adresse, pr?cision, protection, tranquillit?, s?curit?, paix, garantie, and asile; the far periphery comprises assurance, fid?lit?, justesse, solidit?...
New Technologies and Pragmatic Techniques in Contemporary Poetry
... modern poetry: conventional and unconventional functioning of discourse markers.
Slovo.ru: Baltic accent
, 11 (4), pp. 15—27,
https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2020-4-2
(in Russ.).
Zolyan, S. T., 2014.
Semantika i struktura poeticheskogo teksta
[Semantics and structure of poetic text]. Moscow (in Russ.).
poetic pragmatics, language functions, contemporary poetry, new media, transcoding
81-97
10.5922/2225-5346-2024-2-5
Lexical explicators of the modality of necessity in the Old and New Testament (the Synodal translation into Russian)
... microfield in the biblical texts and to produce a comparative analysis of modal meanings of objective-subjective and objective necessity expressed through relevant lexemes. Another objective is to assess the influence of the meanings of necessity on the semantic orientation of the biblical texts manifested in the difference between the precepts of the Old and New Testament. I employ the field approach and use both universal research methods and the methods and techniques of the functional-semantic, etymological, and contextual analysis,...
“Enchantment for the eyes” through the eyes of foreigners: how foreign students perceive Russian verbal image in сatch phrases
... eyes’ (from poem ‘Autumn’ by Alexander Pushkin) for foreign students. The experimental data is analyzed from a semantic and linguo-didactic points of view. It is concluded that the greatest number of difficulties for foreigners is caused by semantic components of two levels: 1) the verbal image as such and 2) the specific characteristics of the precedent text. Particular attention in teaching is to be paid to functioning of the verbal image as a catchword in the modern speech of Russian language native speakers. As a result of the research, methodological recommendations for teachers of Russian as a foreign ...
Semantic potential of the lexeme twilight in Russian poetry
... St. Petersburg, (in Russ.).
Zolyan, S. T., 2014. Semantika i struktura poeticheskogo teksta [Semantics and structure of poetic text]. Moscow (in Russ.).
meaning, significance, image, symbol, motif, poetic semantics, lexical level of a lyrical text, occasional semantics and syntagmatics
61-71
10.59222225-5346-2024-1-3
Textonics: an introduction to electronic philology
..., to develop new genres of intellectual creativity, and to rethink and reorganize existing textual formations. This article introduces a number of theoretical concepts, denoting different configurations of digital texts: megatext — a collection of texts that are perceived and studied as a single thematic or semantic whole; unitext — the totality of all megatexts; supratext — the text of a higher order in relation to the given one; syntexts united by a common supratext and functioning as synonyms with respect to each other; peritext — a list of syntexts,...
Semantic and Stylistic Features of Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime: The Art of Seeing and Describing an Object
Immanuel Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime is examined in the context of the emergence of the epistemological practice of scientific observation. By focusing on the genre-stylistic and semantic-structural features of the text the authors demonstrate the mechanisms of observation as well as the methods of describing the results characteristic of mid-eighteenth century science. The authors consider Kant’s treatise to be a hybrid text: on the one hand, it attests to the ...
Text formation function of the author's modality in the poetry of Joseph Brodsky (on the poem «I always kept saying that the fate is a game...» — «Я всегда твердил, что судьба — игра...»)
... functional-semantic and communicative-pragmatic approaches. In the process of analysis, the main emphasis is placed on the author’s modality as a means of transmitting his individual worldview. The author’s modality is considered as a text-forming semantic category, explicit at various textual levels: lexical, syntactic, phonetic, and compositional. The role of the following language resources in structuring the authorial modality of the analyzed text has been identified: syntactic parallelism, poetic meter and rhythm, tropes of various structures, stylistic diversity of vocabulary, phonetic instrumentation, and compositional organization of speech. It is established that the combination of ...
Structural and semantic types (models) of sentences and their transformation in academic texts in Russian and Polish
The author describes basic sentence models and their transformations in Russian and Polish academic texts. Sentence models are defined as structural and semantic types of sentences. Transformations employ such syntax means, as passivization, nominalizations, the use of participial constructions and others. The author points out the most popular transformed models in the analyzed academic texts and ...
“Čut’ živye, v noč’ osennjuju / My s ochoty vozvraščaemsja…” Secondary predicate in Nekrasov’s poetic texts
.... Slavyanskii stikh. Tom VIII. Stikh, yazyk, smysl. [Slavic verse. Vol. 8. Verse, language, thought]. Moscow (in Russ.).
Revzina, О. G., 2002. Riddles of a poetic text. In: Kommunikativno-smyslovye parametry grammatiki i teksta [Communicative and semantic parameters of grammar and text]. Moscow, pp. 418—433 (in Russ.).
Shakhmatov A. A., 1941. Sintaksis russkogo yazyka [Russian syntax]. 2nd ed. Moscow (in Russ.).
Skulacheva, Т. V., 1989. Vzaimodeistvie ritma i sintaksisa v stikhotvornoi stroke [The interaction of rhythm and ...
The concept “people” in A. S. Shishkov’s manifestoes in the discourse of the Patriotic War of 1812
... class society and national unity, the style and images used made it possible for representatives of all classes to perceive the texts. Later on, “people” as a synonym of “nation” was widely used in the formation of the myth of war as a national affair,... ... “Ponyatiya o Rossii”: K istoricheskoi semantike imperskogo perioda [“Concepts about Russia”: Towards the historical semantics of the imperial period]. Vol. 2. Moscow (in Russ.).
Minakov, A. Yu., 2009. A. S. Shishkov as an ideologist and practitioner ...
The intertexteme as an instrument in the past — present — future dialogical space of urbanism practices: an intersemiotic analysis of graffiti and inscriptions in Gdansk and Kaliningrad
... future’ dialogical space in the urban narrative. The study relies on rich empirical material. In summing up the features of semantic formation in the narrative urban practices, the authors conclude that the urban inscription is a symbolically organized ... ... forms. The recognizability of intertextemes in both authentic and modified forms contributes to the attractivity of the urban text and its dialogical nature.
Arutyunova, N. D., 1990. Diskurs. In: V. N. Yartsev, ed. Lingvisticheskiy entsiklopedicheskiy ...
The formation of the narrative and the performative in public communication
...
Zinkevich, O. V., 2018. Localization as a process of linguistic transformation of the structure and content of a dynamic text. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ehkonomicheskogo universiteta [Proceedings of St. Petersburg State University ... ... 203—204 (in Russ.).
Blank, A., 1999. "Why do new meanings occur? A cognitive typology of the motivations for lexical Semantic change". In: A. Blank and P. Koch, eds. Historical Semantics and Cognition. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter....
The moving boundaries of news translation
... asking such questions as the following: Can we study multilingual practices that do not necessarily have an identified source text? If so, what do we analyze and compare? Can we call these practices ‘translation’? How do we integrate multimodality ... ... Across Languages and Cultures, 19(2), pp. 205—220. 10.1556/084.2018.19.2.4.
Conway, K., 2008. A Cultural Studies Approach to Semantic Instability: The Case of News Translation. Linguistica Antverpiensia, 7, pp. 29—43.
Conway, K., 2011. Everyone Says ...
The multi-language coding and anagrammatic foundations of the “Venice text” in Yu. Buida’s short story “All the floating by”
... anagrammatic variation of the words Венеция / невеста и море / amor / mors. The matrimonial and funeral semantics of the night boat rides of the female character along the Pregolya is emphasised. The authors consider the various means of semantization of the name of the main male character “Polorotov,” and analyse the interaction between the topography of the town and Venice – the dream city of the main female character. Different levels of text interpretation are identified — from the plot- and everyday life-focused to symbolic and cosmological ones.
1. Андерсен Г. Х. Импровизатор : роман. URL: http://www.sky-art.com/andersen/prose/improvisator /improvisator....
Frame approach to analysing the semantisation of the biblical quasi-anthroponym prodigal son in the language of Russian poetry
This article describes ways to semanticise the biblical quasi-anthroponym ‘prodigal son’ in a poetic text, using the frame approach as a means of cognitive modelling and description. This approach helps to identify and characterise meaning construction mechanisms in a precedent onomastic sign, which conveys the conceptual meanings of the biblical text....
Understanding scientific texts on the basis of modelling semantic links: theoretical foundations of the conception
The paper explores linguistic, methodological and psycholinguistic aspects of scientific text modelling. These aspects relate to text units, intratexual links and elements of the model. The article also examines text forming functions of the sentence.
1. Анохин П. К. Теория функциональной системы // Успехи ...
Semantics of phraseological units featuring direct kinship terms in modern media texts
... phraseological meaning that does not directly reflect kinship semantics. It is demonstrated that media texts favour phraseological units that express direct kinship through patrilineal units.
phraseological unit, kinship terms, phraseological meaning, semantics, media text
18-32
10.5922/pikbfu-2024-2-2
The Mobius strip of the pragmasemantics of sense: from culture through subjectivity to nothingness and back
... teoriya smyslov i smyslovaya arkhitektonika lichnosti [Spontaneity of Consciousness: Probabilistic Theory of Meanings and Semantic Architectonics of Personality]. Moscow, 198 p. (in Russ.).
Nevvazhay, I. D., 2023. Sense of sign and sense of meaning ... .... L., eds., 2022. Mezhdu mirom i yazykom: tekst i smysl v kommunikativnom kontekste [Between Language and World: Meaning and Text Within a Communicative Space]. Kaliningrad (in Russ.).
Zolyan, S. T., 2023a. Pragmatics as a Self-Generation of a Subject-on-Its ...
Speech aggression as a means of preserving and promoting the Neo-pagan worldview: the case of Rodnoverie
... qualification. Expertise. Judicial practice.]. Moscow, 240 p. (in Russ.).
Podkina, Yu. V., 2020. Speech aggression in religious texts in modern social networks. In: T. P. Kuranova, ed.
Chelovek v informatsionnom prostranstve: sbornik nauchnykh statei
[Man ... ... digital media communication)]. Moscow, 273 p. (in Russ.).
Tulchinskii, G. L., 2022. Pragmasemantics of Digital Communications: Semantic Worldviews, Value-Regulatory Systems and Responsibility.
Gosudarstvo i grazhdane v elektronnoi srede
[State and Citizens ...
Neither more nor less: the grounds for A.Skidan’s system
... its invariant development, analyzes connection between the relevant concepts and categories of space and movement, life and death. The semantic reconstruction is performed through play Multilanguage anagram code, which is used by Skidan to develop the text of basic semantic structures.
1. Бенвенист Э. Словарь индоевропейских социальных терминов. М., 1995.
2. Виноградов В. В. История слов. М., 1994.
3. Дмитровская М. А. Икс,...
Functions of words-realities in S. Rushdie’s novel “midnight’s Children”
The article examines the features of the functioning of realia words in the text of Salman Rushdie's novel "Midnight’s Children." The delimitation of the term "realia words" is carried out in its comparison with the concept of "realia." The language specificity of the novel is noted, which consists ...
Russian folk verse and the main approaches to its study
... Petersburg (in Russ.).
Lobanov, M. A., 2007.
Stikh byliny. Metrika — Semantika — Genezis
[Verse of Bylina-Epics: Metrics — Semantics — Genesis]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).
Lobkova, G. F., Mekhnetsova, K. A. and Teplova, I. B., eds., 2014.
Etnomuzykologiya: ... ...
“Slovo o polku Igoreve”: rekonstruktsiya stikhotvornogo teksta
[The Tale of Igor’s Campaign: Reconstruction of a Poetic Text]. Moscow; St. Petersburg (in Russ.).
Orlitskii, Yu. B., 2017. Rhyming Verse (Raeshnik) in the Newest Russian Poetry. In: ...
The phenomenon of heterogeneity of the speech subject in German retrospective discourse
... referentially correlates with memoir-autobiographical prose. The types of autobiographical SELF mentioned in the relevant literary sources are considered. The forms of explication of the heterogeneity of the speech subject in German-language autobiographical texts are revealed, the main of which is the semantic opposition ‘present SELF — past SELF’, or ‘subject-reconstructor — subject-reconstruct’. The variability of the eventual plurality of the subject-reconstruct and the opposition ‘conscious SELF — unconscious SELF’ are interpreted ...
Idiolect of a piece of litterature in the mirror of translation (based on the novel of E. Vodolazkin “Laurus”)
... foreign-language reader. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the interpretation of the idiostylistic aspect of a literary work on the translator’s work. The methodology of the study is based on the postulates of F. Rastier’s interpretive semantics as a descriptive model of text interpretation. The study identifies and interprets the features of the idiolect and idiostyle as artistic tools of the author, as well as analyzes their reflection in the mirror of the French-language translation.
E. Vodolazkin, idiolect,...
Cities, mountains, roads... (the image of a city in formulaic paronymic collocations)
... Crisis]. Moscow: Klass, 468 p. (in Russ.).
Huizinga, J., 2011. Homo ludens. Chelovek igrayushchii [Homo ludens. The man playing]. Translated by D. V. Silvestrov, St. Petersburg, 416 p. (in Russ.).
Lotman, M. Yu., 1979. On the correlation of sound and semantic gestures in a poetic text. In: Trudy po znakovym sistemam. Semiotika teksta [Works on sign systems. Semiotics of the text], 11. Tartu: Tartu State University, pp. 98—119 (in Russ.).
Lotman, Yu. M., 1984. The symbolism of St. Petersburg and the problems of the semiotics ...
Theatrical interpretation of a literary work from the standpoint of semiotic creativity
... is understood as the correlations of recurrently used signs accompanied by the amplification of meaning and emergence of new semantic projections. The investigation of the play — theatrical performance transformations made it possible to identify the ... ... illustrated the realization of the poetic function of a sign in a multimodal discourse.
Barthes, R., 1981. The Theory of the Text. In: Untying the Text: A Post-Structural Reader. London: Routledge, pp. 31—47.
Carter, R., 2004. Language and creativity: ...
Verbal aggression in modern poetry: conventional and unconventional functioning of discourse markers
... Logicheskiĭ analiz yazyka. Protivorechivost' i anomal'nost' teksta [Logical analysis of language. Inconsistency and anomalous text]. Moscow (in Russ.).
Nikulina, E. G., 2012. Affective speech acts in the system of emotional-evaluative interaction. Vestnik ... ... Russ.).
Paducheva, E., 2010. Semanticheskie issledovaniya: semantika vremeni i vida v russkom yazyke. Semantika narrative [Semantic Research: Semantics of Time and View in Russian. Narrative semantics]. Moscow (in Russ.).
Kibrik, A. A. and Podlesskaya,...
Traditional Structures in Contemporary Chinese Poetry
... means that simultaneously engage several levels of utterances. These linguistic means include non-trivial semantic links created by means of phonographics. A linguistic analysis of relevant contexts shows that all the linguistic means contribute to the semantic cohesion of the text and make a bridge to the space of classical images and the tradition of the 20th century Chinese ‘New Poetry’. Such experiments expand the capabilities of the Chinese language and construct a type of text that relies on an unconventional usage ...
Modality in the system of text categories of Old Russian written records: on the formulation of the problem
This article considers the functional-semantic category of modality in the system of such text categories as microtext, macrotext, and metatext. The author describes the integrative function of modality in the construction of semantic hierarchy of Old Russian texts, as well as the functional role of complex syntactic constructions in the system of modal-evaluative and genrestylistic characteristics of Old Russian texts.
1.
Бондарко Л.
В.
Теория функциональной грамматики....
Verbal charm as a special class of performative speech acts in Russian linguoculture
... place within the system of speech genres in Russian linguoculture. The methodological framework of the study is based on an integrative approach combining speech act theory, linguocultural analysis, structural-semantic and pragmatic interpretation of texts, as well as elements of typological and contextual analysis. The contextual approach allows for consideration of extralinguistic parameters influencing the interpretation and functioning of sacred texts. The analysis revealed key pragmatic characteristics ...