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... Moscow. 4. Kant, I. 1965а, Metafizika nravov [The metaphysics of morals] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol 4, part 2, Moscow. 5. Kant, I. 1965в, Ob iznachalno zlom v chelovecheskoi prirode [On initially evil in human nature] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol 4, part 2, Moscow. 6. Kant, I. 1965г, Prolegomenyi… [Prolegomena…] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol 4, part 1, Moscow....

... interpretatsii v fizike [Another reality and problems of interpretation in physics]. In: Kontseptsiya virtualnyih mirov i nauchnoe poznanie [The concept of virtual worlds and scientific knowledge], SPb. 16. Heidegger, M. 1988, Pis'mo o gumanizme [Letter on Humanism]. In: Problema cheloveka v zapadnoy filosofii [The problem of man in Western philosophy]. Moscow, pp. 314—356. 17. Chalmers, D. 2013, Soznayushchii um: v poiskakh fundamental’noi teorii [The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory],...

... Positivism] Istoriko- filosofskij al'manah: Vyp. 3 [History and Philosophy almanac: 3rd Issue], p. 140—166. 8. Dmitrieva, N. A., 2008, Religija v predelah chelovechnosti: k istorii problemy religii v filosofii Paulja Natorpa [Religion within the bounds of humanity]. In: D. N. Razejev, ed. 2008, Vera i znanie: sootnoshenije ponjatij v klassicheskoj nemeckoj filosofii [Faith and knowledge: correlation of the concepts in the classical German philosophy], St. Petersburg, p. 260—270. 9. Dmitrieva, N. A., ...

... [The current situation and immediate objectives of the science of the state], Russkii narod i gosudarstvo [Russian nation and the state], Moscow, p. 386—624. 9. Benoist, A. 2015, Po tu storonu prav cheloveka. V zashhitu svobod [On the other side of human rights. In defense of liberties], Moscow, 144 p. 10. Bykova, M. F. 1996, Misterija logiki i tajna sub’ektivnosti. O zamysle fenomenologii i logiki u Gegelja [The Mystery of logic and secret of subjectivity. About Hegel’s conception of phenomenology ...

... eternal and continuous progress of objective cognition. According to Sesemann, the opposite of a rational, conceptual, mediated element of cognition is an irrational, non-mediated component. The irrational factor of knowledge is the problems faced by human reason, as well as a condition for the progress of knowledge. The Russian philosopher strives to develop an original philosophical structure that just partially transcends the Neo-Kantian school. He is strongly influenced by the phenomenological ...

... questions is the question of moral motivation, and namely how we can not only know, what we have to do according to the moral law, but also actually want do it? As in his published writings Kant concludes in the Introduction of Natural Law Notes that human will itself can not be in complete agreement with the moral law, because objective motive (that is the moral law alone) for this will isn’t identical with subjective ones (that are maxims of action). That is why it must be forced to follow the ...

... of thinking’ and that cruel political revolutions can liberate the society from such oppression. The paper explains Kant’s positive attitude to the French revolution as a ‘historical sign’ of the possibility of moral and legal improvement of humanity through striving for moral goals. Political revolutions are considered as the initial (‘negative’) stage of enlightenment consisting in the liberation from coercion and ‘assistance’ from guardians. This s 1. Aldanov, M. A. 2002, Devyatoe ...

... Blonskiy, V. Soroka-Rosinskiy, S. Zolotarev, P. Devin, S. Rusova and others participated in these debates. As result there worked out the principles of the general and equally accessible national education for all social groups and the harmonious and humane patriotic upbringing, which had to be open to the best achievements of the world culture. The letters of Russian scholars V. Dinze and A. Grombach to P. Natorp and one letter of Natorp to Dinze will be published as a supplement to the article. ...

Kant’s transcendental philosophy (transcendentalism) focuses on both the human method of cognition in general [CPR, B 25] and certain types of cognition aimed at justifying their objective significance. This article aims to explicate Kant’s understanding (resp. justification) of the abstract nature of mathematical knowledge ...

... knowledge provoked sharp criticism. The author describes Vvednesky’s position, which can be traced in all of his later works. Its central elements is the need to create a coherent understanding of the world providing answers to all the phenomena of human existence, including those traditionally interpreted as objects of nonscientific knowledge. In the conclusion, the author focuses on the characteristics of Vvedensky’s oeuvre and its role in the development of Russian critical philosophy. It is ...

... and object in theory of cognition. Special attention is paid to the role of social communication in the construction of the real world. The author stresses that the language communication plays an important role in this process. Thereby, it affects human cognition as well as all existence. When discussing this phenomenon, the author uses the methodology that was symbolically described by Kant as the Copernican turn. Wilhelm von Humboldt was one of the first to apply and develop Kant’s method in ...

1. Белов В. Н. Неокантианство. Саратов, 2002. Ч. 2 : Пауль Наторп. 2. Гессен С. И. (Sergius). Пауль Наторп // Воля России: Журнал политики и культуры. 1924. № 8—9. С. 263—268. 3. Гессен С. И. Мое жизнеописание // Гессен С. И. Избр. соч. / сост. А. Валицкий, Н. Чистяков. М., 1998. С. 723—782. 4. Гессен С. И. Педагогические сочинения. Саранск, 2001. Т. 1. 5. Дмитриева Н. А. Русское неокантианство: «Марбург» в России : историко-философские очерки. М., 2007. 6. Дмитриева Н. А. Религия в пределах...

Kant’s transcendental philosophy (transcendentalism) focuses on both the human method of cognition in general [CPR, B25] and certain types of cognition aimed at justifying their objective significance. This article aims to explicate Kant’s understanding (resp. justification) of the abstract nature of mathematical knowledge ...

... ultimate end; 4) the principle of historicity; 5) the principle of activity; 6) the transcendental principle, and 7) the principle of the unity of the world. All these principles are designed to prove that a system is the answer to the question “What a human being is”, as well as a representation of transcendental anthropology. 1. Калинников Л. А. Интерпретация и принципы // Кантовский сборник. 1989. Вып. 14. С. 81—90. 2. Кант И. Критика ...

... the categorical imperative). This article identifies the intersections between Rawls’s and Kant’s ideas, as well as their differences. Kant and Rawls have much in common. Rawls agrees with Kant that moral philosophy has to depart from commonplace human reason; the content of "political justice" can be an object of construction; construction presupposes the use of practical rather than pure reason; moral philosophy requires a complex concept of a person; the function of moral philosophy ...

This article is an attempt to give I. Kant “credit” for the Constitution of Russian Federation. Of course, the articles of Constitution require significant improvement so that they adhere to the letter and the spirit of Kant’s ideas on state and law. The article stresses the need to take into account two provisions of Kant’s philosophy: the complementarity of morals and law and support for traditional family values. The legal discussions on the essence of constitutionalism, supremacy of law, and...

This article offers an analysis of the concept of mystical experience and its relation to science and philosophy in connection with E. A. Torchinov's research and in the context of Kant's doctrine of human "metaphysical disposition", the nature and purpose of philosophy. 1. Гегель Г. В. Ф. Энциклопедия философских наук. Т. 1 : Наука логики. М., 1974. 2. Джемс В. Многообразие ...

The article provides, for the first time in the philosophical literature, a general description of the Konigsberg Kant studies as a special local direction in the history of philosophy. Core activities in this direction formed the Society of Kant’s Friends, as well as "archival Kant studies" — the work of collecting, annotating and publishing the manuscript heritage, correspondence and lecture notes Kant. Given the large volume of primary and secondary sources, we propose a variant ofspecification...

... broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “ratonal egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening a possibility for happiness, connects Rawls’ theory to Aristotle’s virtue ethics and to contemporary communitarianism. 1. Васильев В. В. Неуловимая свобода: проблема этических ...

... the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although Kant is not always consistent in distinguishing between reason and understanding in this context. Unstinting support for the French revolution, despite acknowledging the illegitimate nature of social and political revolutions per ...

Necessity is a key philosophical notion, which is used in different disciplines from logic to ontology. In the German philosophy of the Enlightenment, this concept was centralto the work of many thinkers. For them, necessity is related not only to logic but rather to the disciplines of general and special metaphysics. It is explained by that the principle of sufficient reason introduced by Leibniz is closely linked to the notion underconsideration. The recognition of this principle as one of the...

... available in the archive of the philosopher’s manuscripts, the article focuses on Erhard’s writings. As Erhard emphasizes, medical theory lacks a foundation necessary for a contemporary science. It has neither a clear concept of its object — a human being and their diseases, nor a rationally justified method, nor reliable treatment techniques. With the help of Kant’s theory of teleology in nature and based on the system of medi¬cine developed by the Scottish physician John Brown, Erhard ...

... mimesis should be regarded as transformation into structure (Verwandlung ins Gebilde) and addresses the world as a significant whole. He explains mimesis in poetry by analogy with the “inner word” doctrine and comes to the conclusion that the finite human language is rooted in the infinite whole of the world’s experience, which makes a lyrical poem a hermeneutical process and an event of truth. 1. Аристотель. Поэтика. Риторика. СПб., 2007. 2. Борисов Е. В....

... philosophical constructions of the Margburg Neo-Kantian — the system nature, cultural unity, and finally, Jewishness or “ethical monotheism” (messianic monotheism).Only jurisprudence, another follower of Cohen, Sergey Rubinstein argues, considers a human being as a holder of rights and responsibilities rather than a being affected by emotions and passion as from the psychological perspective or that guided by their own interests as from the economic one.The Russian philosopher also stresses the ...

... broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “rational egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening a possibility for happiness, connects Rawls’ theory to Aristotle’s virtue ethics and to contemporary communitarianism. 1. Vasil'ev V. V. Neulovimaja svoboda: problema jeticheskih osnovanij sistemy Kanta / ...

The article raises the question about the Kantianism of E. T. A. Hoffmann displayed in the story from “The night stories”, which shows that the transcendental reflection as an important gnoseological procedure has important practical sense in the human life. 1. Berkovskij N. Ja. Je. T. A. Gofman // Berkovskij N. Ja. Romantizm v Germanii. SPb., 2001. 2. Gjorres J. Aforizmy ob iskusstve… // Jestetika nemeckih romantikov. M., 1987. 3. Gippel' T. G. fon. Vospominanija o Gofmane // Gofman Je....

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the development of neo-Kantianism in Russia. Russian neo-Kantianism is marked with originality, which was due to the cultural and historical peculiarities of the formation of the national philosophical thought. The stages and specific character of the development of Russian neo-Kantianism are considered by example of the creation of A. I. Vvedensky, B. V. Yakovenko and V. E. Sesemann. 1. Bulgakov S. N. Ot marksizma k idealizmu. Stat'i i recenzii. 1895—1903...

This article offers a comparison of certain fundamental ethical ideas of Eastern philosophical traditions with Kant's categorical imperative aiming to corroborate the thesis about the moral unity of humanity and give a moral assessment of the state of Russian society. 1. Вивекананда С. Карма-йога. Пг., 1916. 2. Дао дэ цзин / пер. Ян Хин-шуна. СПб., 2011. 3. Кант И. Основы метафизики ...

... Засурский Я. Н. Интернет как основа развития информационного общества в России. URL: http://www.mediascope.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view &id=86&Itemid=45 4. Arendt H. The human condition. The University of Chicago Press, The University of Chicago Press, 1958 5. Bauman Zugmunt // Search of Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999. 6. Levine Peter. The Internet and Civil Society. URL: www.imdp.org/artman/publish/article_29....

....Y., 1949. 17. Preston A. The implications of recent work in the history of analytic philosophy // Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly. 2005. № 125. 18. Price H. H. Hume’s theory of the external world. Oxford, 1940. 19. Putnam H. Realism with a human face. Cambridge, 1990. 20. Rorty R. Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton, 1979. 21. Ryle G. Taking sides in philosophy // Collected Essays. L., 1971. Vol. 2. P. 153—169. 22. Searle J. Contemporary philosophy in the United States // ...

... transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over theoretical reason. The humanity owes its development and existence to practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Гартман Н. Этика. СПб., 2002. 2. Гуревич П. С. Философская антропология: учебное ...

... itself, and therefore a merely contractual vision of family law can be overcome. The personalist philosophy of family retains the fruitful contents of Kant's matrimonial law theory: the notion that the matrimonial union is necessary “due to the law of humanity”, and not due to mere natural necessity; the notion of matrimonial acquisition as one accomplished neither factually, nor contractually, but “according to a law”, as a consequence of an obligation to enter a family unity. And yet, just ...

.... Descartes R. Principles of Philosophy // Ibid. 9. Descartes R. The Passions of Soul // Ibid. 10. Descartes R. Treatise on Man // René Descartes: The World and Other Writings / Ed. by S. Gaukroger. Cambridge, 2004. 11. Dmitriev T. A. Machine of Human Body in “Treatise on Man” // Descartes R. Man. M., 2012. 12. Gaidenko P. P. A History of European Philosophy of the Modern Age in its Relation to Science. Moscow, 2000. 13. Gaukroger S. Introduction // René Descartes, The World and other ...

This article offers an aanalysis of the concept of mystical experience and its relation to science and philosophy in connection with E. A. Torchinov's research and in the context of Kant's doctrine of human "metaphysical disposition", the nature and purpose of philosophy. 1. Gegel' G. V. F. Jenciklopedija filosofskih nauk. T. 1 : Nauka logiki. M., 1974. 2. Dzhems V. Mnogoobrazie religioznogo opyta. SPb., 1992. 3. Kant I. Grezy duhovidca,...

... Valentinus and to the book by D. S. Merezhkovsky “Atlantis-Europe”. This term has two senses in Poplavsky’s art, it explains basic connotations in Christ’s image in “Snowy hour” and in diaries. Firstly, it’s a god-medium between worlds of humans and God; according to Poplavsky this sense includes concepts of earth nature of Christ and His kindness, He’s prophet, who is between Hell and Cosmos and goes the thorny path of the righteous. Secondly, he’s kingdom of spirit, divine space ...

... various aspects of their activities. In studying the general evaluative meanings, it was found that the majority of units with the semantics of plants have a negative evaluation, with the basis for transfer being the properties of plants dangerous to humans. The analysis of specific evaluative meanings allowed for the identification of aesthetic, ethical, intellectual, valeologi­cal, utilitarian, sensory-taste, and other evaluations.

... young adults. The study relies on the research of the ideological attitudes of the GDR through the analysis of theoretical sources, the method of continuous sampling, linguistic analysis of contextual blocks of the story, and establishes the spheres of human activity that represent the rejection of the values of a hostile ideology: appearance, leisure, work, moral principles, upbringing and re-education of the younger generation in the right ideological way. A connection is established between the external ...

... The problem of their differentiation is connected with the definition of language consciousness. The author of the article defines it as a psycholinguistic concept that shows how the internal and external factors for the functioning of a language as a human property are associated with changes in the meanings and senses of linguistic signs. This definition gives way to comparative psycholinguistic research, in which the comparison is based on the nature of the activities that representatives of different ...

... primarily by semantic neologisms and verbal signs reoriented to the Russian linguistic reality. It is noted that a significant quantitative group of lexical innovations is formed by so-called thematic neologisms extracted from professional areas of human activity that were not previously associated with the social sphere. The mentioned innovations can be fixed in the language and acquire the status of common lexical units or are terminologized and developed according to the laws of the terminological ...

... and native language intonation has constantly been arousing academic interest among intonation researchers. As a form of language existence, vocal music reveals specific tonal features that imply communicative and emotive meanings perceived via the human auditory faculty. A vocal-music utterance is intonationally correlated with samples of oral speech, this fact proving intonological essence of the considered phenomenon, whose systemic studies have only recently started. This paper describes an ...

The article is an attempt to examine the terms «image» and «literary im­age» as a concept of cognitive science (in humanities: linguistics, psychology, cognitive studies, literary studies). It analyses different approaches to defining these terms, aiming at focusing on a cognitive definition of image. The article contains an overview of the analysis of the term in ...

... phenomenon of synchronicity, considered in connection with the omens of war, is proved to be real. The omens of war are, in fact, a kind of synchronic coincidences in objective reality, subjected to cognitive reformation in the sub­jective sphere of human mentality. 1. Балашова А. Ф. Природные и метеорологические приметы войны // Ruthenia. URL: http://www.ruthenia.ru/folklore/folklorelaboratory/Balashova.htm (дата обращения: 06.02....

... URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-identity/ (дата обраще­ния: 01.04.2020). 38. Stockwell P. Cognitive Poetics. An Introduction. L. ; N. Y., 2002. 39. Varela F. J., Thompson E., Rosch E. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, MA, 2017. 40. Wilson E. O. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. N. Y., 1999.

The article focuses on the urgent issue of the lack in the human resources who will be able to deliver counseling service for physically challenged stu­dents studying in the educational institutions of the Kaliningrad Region. For this reason, the professional retraining program “Oligophrenopedagogics” has ...

... person is often repre­sented metonymically in Pasternak’s poetry through the enumeration of indi­vidual organs that represent and replace him entirely. Simultaneously, all the entities of the world are personified by assigning them parts of the human body which act as personifying details. Often somatisms are presented as part of phraseological units, both transformed and not, but in both cases a new fig­urative meaning is generated, often not embedded in these idioms.

... № 2. P. 204—250. 19. Salgueiro A. B. Promises, threats, and the foundations of speech act theory // Pragmatics. 2010. Vol. 20, iss. 2. P. 213—228. 20. Sami S. The Differences between Threat and Promise Acts // Interna­tional Research Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2015. Vol. 7, iss. 3. P. 46—53. 21. Searle J. R. A taxonomy of illocutionary acts // Language, Mind and Know­ledge. Minneapolis, 1975. Vol. 7. P. 344—369. 22. Searle J. R. Expression and Meaning. Cambridge, 1979. 23....

...?id=qGhADwAAQBAJ&dq=wenz+green +co­lor+in+the+celtic+tradition&hl=ru&source=gbs_navlinks_s (дата обраще­ния: 11.07.2019). 18. Franco H. Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawain: A Contradistinction Among Chival­rous Beatitudes and Courtly Love. URL: https://owlcation.com/humanities/Sir-Lan celot-and-Sir-Gawain-A-Contradistinction-Among-Chivalrous-Beatitudes-and-Cour tly-Love (дата обращения: 15.04.2019). 19. Geoffrey of Monmouth. History of the Kings of Britain / transl. by A. Thomp­son. Cambridge (Ontario),...

... attendant Godot» // PMLA. 1960. Vol. 75, № 1. P. 137—146. 20. Krance Ch. (ed.). Samuel Beckett's Mal vu mal dit / Ill seen ill said : A bi­lingual, evolutionary, and synoptic variorum edition. N. Y. ; L., 1996. (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities ; Vol. 1266). 21. Laws C. Headaches Among the Overtones: Music in Beckett / Beckett in Mu­sic. Amsterdam, 2013. 22. Pilling J. The Cambridge Companion to Beckett. Cambridge, 1994. P. 81—82. 23. White H. Music and the Irish Literary Imagination....

The novel by the famous Soviet science fiction writer is analysed in the context of evangelical allusions and connotations. Biblical references in the text suggest a link between one of the main characters, the boy Astr, and the image of Christ. Although well in line with the anthropology of enlighten-ment, the idea of the salvation of the universe, which is central to the plot of the novel, and the image of the saviour, the child that is ‘not of this world’, are counterposed to Christian philosophy...