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In the sources that guide the Masons, and in the sources that they pro­duce themselves, the term “Word” dominates in the meaning of a “text, an idea or a communicative unit”. This determines the importance of the re­search. Its purpose is to identify the characteristics of the perception of the Word by the Masons, that is, to discover the typology ...

According to the generally accepted Stern-Vygotsky paradigm, preverbal infants, while learning words, first learn concepts and names (phonetic complexes) separately. And then, in the second year of life, they associate the learned names with concepts, forming words “name + meaning (concept)”. However, recent studies show that 6-month-old infants ...

The paper proposes an approach to determine correspondences between the relevant pairs of Russian and English evaluative adverbs. It has resulted in a list of Russian and the corresponding English pairs of adverbs. Chains of quasi-synonymous words linking the adverbs are constructed. An important feature of antonyms is the fact that negatively-oriented antonyms are marked with respect to the positive ones. The different methods for the determination of semantic metrics in the Osgood’s space ...

... [dude], primar­ily when used as an address. The study aims to identify the components of this pragmatic meaning that contributed to the resurgence of the lexical unit in the 21st century after a peri­od of usage decline and oblivion. Currently, the word chuvak is an integral part of youth vernacular. The pragmatics of the word chuvak was analysed by methods of corpus analysis and questionnaire survey. It was concluded that within the slang of the 1950s' stilyaga subcul­ture, the term chuvak ...

Boyadzhiev, T., 2016. D. Veselinov, A. Angelova. Dictionary of French words in the Bulgarian language in six volumes. Volume 1, A-B, Volume 2. Sofia, University Publishing House, 2015. 508 + 531 p. Sopostavitelnoe iazykoznanie [Comparative Lin­guistics], 1, pp. 109—113 (in Bulgarian). Legurska, P., 2013. Semantic Systems ...

The article examines the features of the functioning of realia words in the text of Salman Rushdie's novel "Midnight’s Children." The delimitation of the term "realia words" is car­ried out in its comparison with the concept of "realia." The language specificity of the novel is noted,...

... during the formative decades of Russian verse theory (1910s and 1920s). These include: ritmicheskii kursiv [rhythmic italics], a term coined by Mikhail Shtokmar, which became common after the works of Kiril Taranovsky and Mikhail Gasparov; slo­vorazdel [word boundary], a term coined by Osip Brik, which has lost its association with Formalist terminology in modern-day use; and, eventually, dol’nik [strict accentual verse], one of the most debated concepts in Russian verse studies (the difference between ...

... Language, media publications, Rus­sian dictionaries, statistical data from the Yandex search engine, and the results of a psycho­linguistic experiment involving 106 native speakers. In the experiment, participants were tasked with interpreting stimulus words, providing insights into how borrowings are unders­tood and categorized. The study's primary outcome is a typology of borrowings, differentiated by the organization of their semantic relationships. The typology includes borrowings that denote new ...

... linguistic sign is determined by the connection between the meaning and a set of subjective perceptions that form the mean­ing. Our study aims to reveal the influence of individual perceptions of the meaning on the extension of the semantic structure of a word, using the kinship term ‘mamochka’ as an ex­ample. The article focuses on instances where the word ‘mamochka’ is used in fiction and, to some extent, Internet texts. The article examines cases spanning from the 1840s to the 2010s to explore ...

... obvious effect of tropes and figures of speech. Not unlike meiosis, its allegedly weaker ‘voice’ is capable of producing a much strong­er effect, which can be discerned in rhythm and punctuation, in the absence of rhyme to in­duce an implicit rhymed word, in “elaborately monotonous” language, in textual opposi­tion of synonyms, in expressly neutral and unemotional final phrases to evoke a train of emo­tive or intellectual reactions. The authors also suggest a functional approach to the notion ...

The concept “sootechestvenniki” is one of the key tools for self-description of society; it is an instrument for drawing borderlines between “we” and “they”. The article describes the development of the meaning of this word since its coinage. The word appeared in the 18th cen­tury as a merger of the Old Slavic and Old Russian ‘otechestvo’ (fatherland, understood as one’s place of origin) and the French ‘compatriot’. This merger resulted in the formation of ...

... i informatika [Semiotics and Infor­matics], 35, pp. 351—379 (in Russ.). Greimas, A., 2004. Strukturnaja semantika. Poisk metoda [Structural semantics. Search for a method]. Moscow (in Russ.). Grigor'ev, V. P., 1979. Pojetika slova [Poetics of the word]. Moscow (in Russ.). Jakobson, R. O., 1975. Linguistics and poetics. In: E. Ya. Basin and M. Ya. Polya­kov, eds. Strukturalizm: «za» i «protiv» : sb. st. [Structuralism: "for" and "against": col­lection of articles]. Moscow....

This article considers the key provisions relating to the nature and structure of the word in human mental space. The author distinguishes between the word as an asset of an individual (the “living” word) and the word as found in a dictionary. It is concluded that there is a dramatic difference between the mental lexicon and a dictionary ...

... teaching of Wilhelm von Humboldt on language by Gustav Shpet together with Shpet’s perception of the influence of Kant’s philosophy on Humboldt. Special emphasis is laid on terminological analysis, the underlying thesis of this analysis being that words, terms and concepts are not the same thing: one and the same word or word combination can denote different terms, and the concept is a term in each particular doctrine. The object of critical analysis is the function of Humboldt’s term “inner ...

The article focuses on the issue of an integral word description in dictionaries. The principle of integrity implies that the most complete information about a word is included in its dictionary entry. The word is an independent two-sided and multifunctional unit of a language, respectively, it raises ...

The article examines the conditions and mechanisms leading at an early stage of the formation of a literary tradition to the dependence of the innovative meaning of the word and its context. The translation of the title of Kosta Khetagurov‘s program verse “Nystwan”, which opens his poetic collection “Iron fændyr” (“Ossetian Lyre”), shows the fundamental differences between the semantics of this word in ...

... the same time, ‘linguistic pragmatics’ is a branch of linguistics that examines linguistic units from the point of view of their use. The ‘pragmatic turn’ of the 1970s in lin­guistics meant an interest in using language as an action in which words acquire their ac­tual mea­nings, sometimes radically different from their non — contextual dictionary mea­nings. The study of the contribution that linguistic means of epistemic modality make to the mea­ning of discourse is a subject of epistemic ...

This article explores the semantic and pragmatic features of the word 'mother' when used as a term of address. It examines secondary uses of the term in literary texts from the 1780s to the present, a sample of 4,272 tokens, alongside dictionary definitions. The study revealed that, in different communicative situations,...

... Its Problems, he goes back to this discussion and notes that it was the framework in which the thirteenth-century tradition of “terminist” logic was formed. Shpet attributed the fruitfulness of this approach to his concept of the inner form of the word. Terminist logic is based on the definition and analysis of such terms as significatio, suppositio, expositio, exponibilia, and Shpet, in examining them, demonstrates the consonance of his concept with terminist logic. Proceeding from thirteenth-century ...

... both in colloquial speech and in the media and Internet discourse. The paper is devoted to the description of the derivatives where the word-forming sructure is based on such lexical units as covid, coronavirus and corona and related to the content words. The article is aimed at determining the word-forming and stylistic specifics of lexical units related to the topic of the coronavirus pan­demic. For this purpose, the author collected the card index of lexical units which includes 186 items corresponded ...

The paper examines nonce words in James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake, par­ticularly those originating from the Russian language. The research aims at defining word-formation patterns of the units in question and studying limi­tations of their interlanguage translation. Based on ...

The author analyses the linguistic and pragmatic aspects of retrospective discourse which is structured by various means including culture-specific words. The author offers a systematized classification of these words depending on the effect these words produce on the reader. Special attention is paid to anthroponyms, toponyms, and temporal markers accumulating information which is important to the ...

... Google, and the results of a sur­vey. To obtain more objective data, the respondents were divided into three groups ac­cording to their place of residence — Moscow, Saint Petersburg and other regions. The majo­rity of respondents believe that the word ‘moskvanutyj’ is more often used in a negative sense, whe­reas the words ‘peterburgnutyj’ and ‘piternutyj’ have both negative and positive mea­nings. The analysis of examples of the words ‘moskvanutyj’, ‘piternutyj, and ‘peterburgnutyj’ ...

This article delves into the dynamics of the semantic field surrounding the word ‘atlet’ (athlete) and its derivatives in the Russian language from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks of linguistic portraiture and discourse analysis, this study provides a comprehensive characterization ...

... avoided in the presence of children. Profanity is used indirectly, not in an invective manner, and serves two main functions: psychological release and as a form of expressive or entertaining speech. Antonov, S. V., 2024. Nedurnye slova [Not bad words]. Moscow (in Russ.). Belikov, V. I., 2006. The boundaries of the obscene in the perception of modern urban youth: typologization of idiolects In: Izmeneniya v yazyke i kommunikatsii: XXI vek . Sbornik statei [Changes in language and communication: ...

... natural language. Formal models of language deal with classes of elements and predict their positions. Lexicographic descriptions provide instructions to the use of particular language items treated as signs with their concepts and syntactics. Functional words including discourse particles allow both approaches. The existence of Old Russian particle TI1 as has been proved by Zaliznjak on the basis of formal conditions, constraining the position of this particle in the clausal structure. Meanwhile, Zaliznjak ...

... it becomes possible to construct, instead of one generic concept (and one lexical meaning associated with it), an ontogenetic concept (ontoconcept) as three age-related variants of the concept (and, accordingly, three variants of the meaning of the word), arising in ontogeny — in preschoolers, early school and late school. As an example, the ontoconcept CHAIR and three variants of the meaning of the word chair are constructed. These constructions resonate with Vygotsky’s thought that the meaning ...

... Contemporary Brazilian Li­te­rature in the Age of the Megaevents. Abriu: Estudos De Textualidade Do Brasil, Galicia E Portugal , 6, pp. 105—132. Available at: https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/Abriu/ article/view/abriu2017.6.6 [Accessed 5 May 2021]. Words Without Borders, 2013. Brazil . August 2013. Available at: https://www . wordswithoutborders.org/issue/august-2013 [Accessed 6 May 2021]. Words Without Borders, 2016. Brazil Beyond Rio . Words Without Borders. July 2016. Available at: http://www....

... State Humanitarian University. Series: Literary Studies. Linguistics. Culturology], 11, pp. 228—237 (in Russ.). Altshuller, M. G., 2007. Beseda lyubitelei russkogo slova: U istokov russkogo slavyano­fil’stva [Conversation of lovers of the Russian word: At the origins of Russian Sla­vophilism]. Vol. 2. Moscow (in Russ.). Boyko, P., 2012. The estates of the Russian Empire in the Patriotic War of 1812. Rusin, 4(30), pp. 29—38 (in Russ.). Vishlenkova, E. A., 2011. Vizual’noe narodovedenie imperii,...

... treatise into Russian. Avtonomova, N. S., 1972. Concept of "archaeological knowledge" by M. Foucault. Voprosy filosofii [Problems of philosophy], 10, pp. 142—150 (in Russ.). Avtonomova, N. S., 1994. Michael Foucaut and his book "Words and Things". In: M. Foucault. Slova i veshchi. Arkheologiya gumanitarnykh nauk [Words and Things. Ar­chaeology of Humanities]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Avtonomova, N. S., 2008. Knowledge and Translation. Experiences of Language Philosophy....

... determined by the objectively ideal character of the meanings (“rules”) given through the subject’s intellectual acts. The main task is to fix with a maximum degree of accuracy what is “seen” in consciousness. This model inevitably considers words to be “markers” or “labels” which have no intrinsic power. The problem with this approach is, first, that it is impossible to determine the criteria by which this or that word should be considered adequate. Second, this approach leads to ...

This article is devoted to the lexis of the Russian language denoting mental states. The study of the words and their functions rests on the psychological interpretation and classification of mental states. The author describes how a person’s mental life is expressed as a system of interacting and interdependent mental states in the language picture ...

... word-formation processes is supported by many linguists; however, still being insufficiently developed, it requires a systematization of new methodological tools. The author presents her own vision of the methodological and theoretical framework of cognitive word formation studies. 1. Абросимова Л. С., Милевская Т. В. К вопросу о культурно-когнитивной природе словообразования // Когнитивные исследования языка ...

The article analyzes the influence of works by A. Potebnja and W. von Humboldt on the development of modern linguistic theory of the inner form of the word which became the basis for numerous modern studies in the spheres of semantics dealing with the issues of contextual meaning. The main foundations of the mentioned-above theory are being examined as well as the ways of creating the inner form of ...

This paper offers the results of the study on the word-building capacities and lexical potential of verbs and nouns in the tales in two parts by A. I. Solzhenitsyn. Special attention is focused on the occasional word construction patterns, which are used by the writer as a means to create a literary image. 1 .  Виноградов В.   В . О языке художественной прозы: Избранные труды. М., 1980. 2.  Винокур Г....

The article focuses on the scientific heritage of Alexander Potebnyа, the central figure in the history of Russian linguistic and philosophical tradition, and Sergey Bulgakov's doctrine of word and language, presented in the work «Philosophy of Name». The comparative analysis reveals the following: a) the key elements of S. Bulgakov’s doctrine historically genetically rooted in A. A. Potebnya's linguistic research; b) the basic difference ...

... structural mechanisms of neologism formation are described, based on the expansion of traditional verbal derivation through the use of appellative and proper nouns as motivating bases. The replenishment of the repertoire of derivational models of -ing word formation in English is established, manifested in the emergence of compound derivatives based on metaphorical transfer. The suffix itself undergoes changes, evolving to­ward an affixoid that participates in the formation of compound nouns. The ...

The article describes neological units that have been functioning in the Russian language since the 1990s to characterize artisanal products or various types of counterfeit goods. The cognitive mechanisms underlying their formation are identified, based on the metonymic or metaphorical use of the image of fire, as represented in the root morpheme pal-. It is noted that the word-formation paradigm of the verb palit’ has expanded with the addition of derivatives with figurative meanings, including...

... approaches, the cognitive status of poetic imagery is substantiated. The definition of intercultural space is proposed as a conceptual domain and the object of artistic interpretation. The combination of the identification proce­dure of figurative word usage with the techniques of metaphorical modeling allowed for the identification of conceptual domains-sources of imaginative interpretation of the space of an­other culture in the texts of twelve French and twelve Russian poets. The prevalence ...

... the macrostructure of Boris Ryzhy’s Digital Frequency Dictionary, which is currently in the active development stage. To identify lexical combinations in the material of Boris Ryzhy’s poetry, the computer program “Hypertext Search of Satellite Words in Author’s Texts” was used. As a result of the conducted research, recurring groups of words were discovered in different poems, forming the implicit composition of the analyzed poetic corpus. The applied significance of lexical combinations ...

... Pravda, Izvestia, Krasnaya Zvezda, and Stalinsky Sokol. Frontline correspondents, being embedded within the active army, were chroniclers of the war, eyewitnesses to the events unfolding on the territory of the German province. These “soldiers of the word” contributed to maintaining the morale of Soviet troops, popularizing the combat experience of Red Army units, and showcasing examples of heroism among soldiers and officers. While fulfilling the ideological tasks assigned by the Soviet authorities ...

... the inherently debatable nature of many contributions published over the course of the year. The second section of this issue is devoted to a theme both central and longstanding for the journal: the reflection of cultural and historical epochs in the word, as well as the word’s active role in shaping them. This juxtaposition has unexpectedly revealed a deeper connection between the two thematic sections — the structuring of pragmatics within semantic systems and the realization of semantics within ...

... units re­gularly used in dialogue. Arutyunova, N. D., 1988. Tipy yazykovykh znachenii. Otsenka, sobytie, fakt [Types of linguistic meanings. Evaluation, event, fact]. Moscow (in Russ.). Chongarova, I., 2002. Notes about one “non-cultural” word and conceptualiza­tion of its derivatives (in Russian and Bulgarian languages). Russkii yazyk za rubezhom [Russian language abroad], 2, pp. 52—54 (in Russ.). Darwin, Ch., 1953. Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals. In: Sobranie so­chinenii ...

... policy discourse to effectively combine strategic perception management of explicit audiences with addressing implicit political objectives. Aristotle, 2007. Ritorika [Rhetoric]. Moscow (in Russ.). Austin, J. L., 1962. How to Do Things with Words . Cambridge. Bakhtin, M. M., 1986. The Problem of Speech Genres. In: M. M. Bakhtin, ed. Lite­raturno-kriticheskie stat'i [Literary-critical Articles]. Moscow, pp. 428—472 (in Russ.). Buzan, B. and Lawson, G., 2015. The Global Transformation: ...